安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2004年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2005年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2006年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2007年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2014年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2015年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2016年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2017年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2018年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2019年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解2004年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解Part I Translation(100 points)Section A:Translate the following passage into Chinese(40%)and then givea short answer(about 200 words)to the question that follows(10%).I had not visited Eton for many years,when one day passing from theFellows Library into the Gallery I caught sight of the portrait of my school-friend Digby Dolben hanging just without the door among our mostdistinguished contemporaries.I was wholly arrested,and as I stood gazing onit,my companion asked me if I knew who it was.I was thinking that beyonda few whom I could name,I must be almost the only person who wouldknow.Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me:he wasstanding again beside me in the eager promise of his youth;I could hear hisvoice;nothing of him was changed;while I wrapt from him in a confusedmist of time was wondering what he would think,could he know that at thisactual moment he would have been dead thirty years,and that his memorywould be thus preserved and honoured in the beloved school,where hisdelicate spirit had been so strangely troubled.【参考译文】我多年没回伊顿了。一天，在从研究员图书馆去画廊的路上，我看见学生时代的朋友迪格比多尔宾的肖像和当代杰出名人肖像一起挂在门外。我被吸引住了，正在我停下来盯着画像出神的时候，我的同伴问我是否知道那是谁。我在想，除了几个我可以叫出名字的人以外，我差不多是唯一认识他的人了，遥远童年时代的记忆鲜活地涌进我的脑海：他又重新站在我的身边，焕发着青春的风采；我能听见他说话的声音；他没有一点变化；同时我在寻思着，因为与他之间相隔一段宛若迷雾的年月，假如他知道在这一时刻他已经死了三十年，他可爱的母校在以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉，而他上学时，他脆弱的心灵曾经莫名其妙地烦恼过，他会作怎样的感想呢？Questions:What is the genre of the passage and whats the most distinctive languagefeature of it?Exemplify your statements briefly.【参考答案】The genre of the passage is an essay.This essay is written by Robert Bridges,who was was appointed PoetLaureate in 1913.This essays chief concern is to express his feeling andpsychological activities when he saw his friends portrait in his alma mater.The sentences are full of affections and psychological activities.This essay iswell-arranged and enriched by metaphors and cadence.It covers the wholepsychological activities from the moment he saw the portrait.We could seethe authors abundant and deep affections within lines of this easy.And thelanguage is very delicate and precisely shows the authors affections.Generally speaking,Robert Bridges is famous for his poetry.As a poetBridges stands rather apart from the current of modern English verse.Hiswork has had great influence in a select circle,by its restraint,purity,precision and delicacy yet strength of expression.It embodies a distincttheory of prosody.Robert Bridges contributed to phonetics and he was also afounder member of the Society for Pure English.Section B:Translate the following Chinese passage into English(40%)andwrite a short description of your translating process within 200 words(10%).政风廉洁，从来是赢得民心，实现政治清明、社会安定繁荣的重要一环。杜牧在阿房宫赋中说：“呜呼！灭六国者，六国也，非秦也。族秦者，秦也，非天下也秦人不暇自哀，而后人哀之；后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也。”这里说的就是人心向背。唐朝建立后，唐太宗头脑比较清醒，励精图治，纳谏任贤，轻徭薄赋，改革吏治，促进了生产力的发展，成就了空前繁荣的“贞观之治”。但后来的统治者渐渐忘乎所以，沉醉于声色犬马。唐王朝也就从兴盛走向衰落。对此我们应该明鉴！我们党必须继往开来，与时俱进，按照“三个代表”的要求全面加强党的建设，保证我们党能够始终保持与人民群众的血肉联系。领导干部一定要树立正确的利益观，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”【参考译文】Honest and clean government has always been an important link in winningthe hearts and minds of the people and realizing political clarity and socialstability and prosperity.Du Mu,a great ancient poet,once said in his poemOn the Ah Fang Palace:“Alas,it was the Six States and not Chins thatdestroyed the Six States;and it was Chins and not the world thatexterminated the clan of Chins.The man of Chins,having no opportunity oflamenting himself,was left to be lamented by later generations;and the latergenerations who lament Chins,but refuse to learn a lesson from him makelater generations lament the later generations.”What is said here is“winningor losing public support.”After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty,Emperor Taizong of Tang had achieved the unprecedented prosperity of“theExcellent Governance during the Zhenguan Times”with his sober mind.Hemade every effort to make the country prosperous,including taking advicesfrom the elite he appointed,reducing corvee and taxes,reforming theadministration of officials.Thus the productive forces were vigorouslydeveloped.But later rulers gradually became arrogant and led a life full ofsensual pleasures.Thus the Tang Dynasty went from prosperity to decline.We should be aware of this!Our party must carry forward the cause andforge ahead into the future,keep pace with the times and strengthen thepartys construction in accordance with the requirements of the“ThreeRepresentatives”to ensure that our party can always maintain the flesh andblood ties with the people.Leaders must establish a correct view of interests,which is“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land,the last toenjoy universal happiness”.【参考答案】In my opinion,the process of translation is not a simple languagereplacement process.Translation is like a decoding process.Firstly,I read the target language for two times.I knew about the majortheme and content of this passage in my first reading.And then I read itanother time to locate the parts which need to be dealt with carefully,that is,the ancient Chinese prose and some idioms.Secondly,I analyzed thosedifficult parts and figured out the best ways to translate them.During thisprocess,making sure that I understood the ancient Chinese prose and idioms,I searched my mind for best descriptions of them.Thirdly,I began mytranslation from the beginning to the end of this passage.After mytranslation,I did the proofreading.I read it through for two times to find iftherere understanding mistakes and and grammar errors.Then I correctedthem carefully.Whats more,I also polished my language to make sure thattheres no Chinglish expression.Part Composition(50 points)Comment on ONE of the given paragraphs and develop your idea into a well-supported exposition.1.Liberty?The true liberty of a man you would say consisted in his findingout or being forced to find out the right path and to walk there on.To learn orto be taught what work he actually was able for and then by permission,persuasion and even compulsion,to set about doing of the same!That is histrue blessedness,honor,liberty and maximum of well-being.2.Our educational objective and commitment,however,is to optimize theindividual students development,and this is by no means assured under akind of boss-subordinate relationship.True,many young people are highlyself-motivated to learn.With some students,the spirited sense of inquiry,thecuriosity to know,the thirst for a progressively broader understanding ofthings is innate.With others,it is an ambitious drive toward goals which canonly be reached via the vehicle of higher education,including graduate studyperhaps.Even among these individuals,though outside assistance often isneeded to stimulate and help sustain the interest and effort output for self-motivation is a perishable and frequently fleeting thing.【参考范文】After reading through the second paragraph,I totally agree with its statement.Some students are talented and able to study by themselves.But for thosewho dont know what motivation and even the exact goal of themselves,theyneed to be stimulated through higher education.Whats more,those talentedstudents also need basic education,or their talent wouldnt be exposed.So inmy opinion,it is education that serves the growth of individual.Therefore,the aim of education is to foster a person,which is very important.First of all,the purpose of education is to produce a virtuous or good man.Man is not good by nature,so he must be educated to control his animalactivities or to be virtuous.Though I do not agree with the point that man isnot good by nature,I do agree that“man can only be man by education”.Thedifference between man and animal is that man can control their naturalneeds.Therefore,without virtue,there would be no difference between manand animals.As one of the most important perspectives of a society,education should first transform people into ethical beings.In addition,education can advance peoples knowledge.Education can makepeople distinguish right from wrong.With the help of education,all peoplecould form their own systems of judgment and justification including theprinciple of fairness.Though knowledge cannot guarantee people a decentlife,it gives them the opportunities to pursue their dreams.In this modernsociety,knowledge is dominating every aspect of our life and work.Theamount of knowledge that one owns determines his abilities to survive.Themore knowledge one has,the more opportunities he has to succeed.Thus,more and more people pursue further education to catch up with their peers orto be more competitive.As the main channel of attaining knowledge,theeducation system should try to meet peoples desire for the knowledge.Finally,education is responsible for personal all-round development.According to Tagore,the aim of the national system education is all-rounddevelopment of the individual personality,including intellectualdevelopment,aesthetic education and creativity.That means the first twopurposes above are to serve this aim.Education is not all about virtue andknowledge.They are just the preparation for individual all-rounddevelopment,which is the most important aim of education.Its the personalall-round development that makes education more meaningful.At the sametime,individual all-round development could promote the development ofeducation.Nowadays,all-round development means that educational systemshould provide not only liberal education but also science and economy.These are the basic subjects of this modern society.A civilized country isbuilt not only upon the basis of science and economy,but also culture of itspeople.Living in a civilized country,one should get access to education of allthese perspectives.In sum,I think that education serves the individual development.Thedevelopment of a society or a country depends upon its virtuous andknowledgeable citizens contribution.So education is of great significance inindividuals development.【解析】本文选取了第二段材料作为素材，以教育的目的及其重要性为主题。文章首段评论了第二段材料并表明了作者的观点：教育是以培养人为目的的，是十分重要的。接下来文章第二段第三段第四段分三方面详细阐述了教育的目的及重要性，即教育能够培养人的道德水准，文化水平并且能使人全面发展。文章最后一段简要概括了作者的观点。2005年安徽师范大学外国语学院852翻译与写作考研真题及详解.Translate the following into Chinese.(50%)Intention,as we shall use the term corresponds to what he intended in aformula which more or less explicitly has had wide acceptance.”in order tojudge the poets performance,we must“know what he intended.”Intention isdesign or plan in the authors mind.Intention has obvious affinities for theauthors attitude toward his work the way he fell what made him write.We begin our discussion with a series of propositions summarized andabstracted to a degree where they seem to us axiomatic.1.A poem does not come into existence by accident.The words of a poem,asProfessor Stoll has remarked come out of a head,not out of a hat.Yet toinsist on the designing intellect as a cause of a poem is not to grant the designor intention as a standard by which the critic is to judge the worth of thepoets performance.2.One must ask how a critic expects to get an answer to the question aboutintention.How is he to find out what the poet tried to do?If the poetsucceeded in doing it,then the poem itself shows what he was trying to do.And if the poet did not succeed,then the poem is not adequate evidence,andthe critic must go outside the poemfor evidence of an intention that did notbecome effective in the poem.“Only one caveat must be borne in mind,”saysan eminent intentionalist in a moment when his theory repudiates itself;“Thepoets aim must be judged at the moment of the creative act that is to say bythe art of the poem itself.”3.Judging a poem is like judging a pudding or machine.One demands that itwork.It is only because an artifact works that we infer the intention of anartificer.“A poem should not mean but be.”A poem can be only through itsmeaningsince its medium is words yet it is,simply is,in the sense thatwe have no excuse for inquiring what part is intended or meant.Poetry is afeat of style by which a complex of meaning is handled all at once.Poetrysucceeds because all or most of what is said or implied is relevant,what isirrelevant has been excluded,like lumps from padding and“bugs”frommachinery.In this respect poetry differs from practical message,which aresuccessful if and only if we correctly infer the intention.They are moreabstract than poetry.4.The meaning of a poem may certainly be a personal one,in the sense that apoem expresses a personality or state of soul rather than physical object likean apple.But even a short lyric poem is dramatic,the response of a speaker(no matter how abstractly conceived)to a situation(no matter howuniversalized).We ought to impute the thoughts and attitudes of the poemimmediately to the dramatic speaker,and if to the author at all,only by an actof biographical inference.5.There is a sense in which an author,by revision,may better achieve hisoriginal intention.But it is a very abstract sense.He intended to write a betterwork,or a better work of a certain kind,and now has done it.But it followsthat his former concrete intention was not his intention.“Hes the man wewere in search of,thats true,”says Hardys rustic constable,and yet hes notthe man we were in search of.For the man we were in search of was not theman we wanted.”【参考译文】意图这个词，一如我们对它的用法，就相当于常话中所说的“他己打算好的事”，这一点已经为大家所普遍地明确接受或者是默认。“为了要了解一个诗人的作品，我们必得先知道他的意图是什么。”所谓意图就是作者内心的构思或计划。意图同作者对自己作品的态度，他的看法，他动笔的始因等有着显著的关联。我们就以一系列我们看来是以概括成公理的命题来开始我们的讨论。1.一首诗的出现不是偶然的，正如斯多尔教授所说，一首诗的词句是出自头脑而不是出自帽子。不过强调作者在构思方面的匠心就是诗的成因还并不就等于是承认了构思或意图即是批评家衡量诗人作品价值的标准。2.人们必须要问，一个批评家是怎么指望得到关于意图问题的答案的?他将如何去搞清诗人所要做的事情?如果诗人成功得做到了他所要做到的事，那么他的诗本身就表明了他要做的是什么。如果他没成功，那么他的诗也就不足为凭了，这样批评家就是在离开诗而论诗因为从诗中并没有透露出多少关于诗人意图的消息来.“只要一个忠告我们必须记住”，一位意图论者在他的理论发生矛盾时这样说道，“对诗人的目的必须是在创作过程中来下判断，也就是说，要凭诗本身的艺术来判断。”3.鉴定一首诗就像鉴定一块布丁或一台机器一样，人们要求它能起效用。我们只有从一个产品所起的效用中才能推知其设计者的目的。“一首诗不应该表示它物而应该是一个独立的存在。”一首诗只能是通过它的意义而存在因为它的媒介是词句但是，我们并无考察哪一部分是意图所在，哪一部分是意义所在的理由，从这个角度说，诗就是存在，自足的存在而已。诗是一种同时能涉及一个复杂意义的各个方面的风格技巧。诗的成功就在于所有或大部分它所讲的或暗示出的都是相关的，不相关的则就像布丁中的面疙瘩或机器中的“疵点”一样被排除掉了。在这方面，诗就有异于应用文。对于应用文，只有我们推知到作者的意图，它才算是成功了，它比诗更抽象。4.一首诗的意义确实可以属于个人性质。也就是说一首诗所表现的是一个人的个性或一种心境，而不是一个像苹果那样的具体有形的事物。但即使一首短短的抒情诗也是有戏剧生的，也是一位说话人(无论其构思多么抽象)对于某特定处境(无论其多么具有普遍意义)的反应。我们应当把诗中的思想、观点直接归于那有戏剧表现力的说话者，即使是归于作者，也只能是通过有关他生平方面的推论才行。5.作者在某一意义上，可以通过修改其作品而更好地实现他最初的意图。但这是一个非常抽象的意义。他意图在于写个更好的作品，或者说某一特定种类的更好的作品，也完成了。但他又会觉得他之前那个具体的意图又不是他的意图了。正如哈代作品（三个陌生人）中的乡村警察说的“他就是我们要追的人，这点错不了；但他又不是我们要追的那个人，因为我们要追的人不是我们要找的人。”.Translate the following into English and write a short comment.(50%)1.Translate the following into English.(40%)方鸿渐到了欧洲，既不抄敦煌卷子，又不访永乐大典，也不找太平天国文献，更不学蒙古文、西藏文或梵文。四年中倒换了三个大学，伦敦、巴黎、柏林；随便听几门功课，兴趣颇广，心得全无，生活尤其懒散。第四年春天，他看银行里只剩四百多镑，就计划夏天回国方老先生也写信问他是否已得博士学位，何日东归。他回信大发议论，痛骂博士头衔的毫无实际。方老先生大不谓然，可