2023年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题.doc

2023年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题（卫生类）
　　考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分
　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题l分，共15分）
　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
　　1 In 1840 Lucretia Most and Elizabeth Stanton were excluded from. The World's Anti-slavery Convention merely because they were women.
　　A consulted by B elected to C kept out of D applauded by
　　2 The measures taken by the administration failed to reduce unemployment.
　　A helped to B did not
　　C were not intended to D were necessary to
　　3 Mary said that she was fed up.
　　A disgusted B satisfied C ravenous D full
　　4 The mayor refused to give in to the demand of the group.
　　A reply to B yield to C acknowledge D publicize
　　5 Mr. Jackson wants to give out this news as soon as possible.
　　A furnish B announce C emit D abandon
　　6 Some forms of arthritis may develop when the body's ability to fight disease goes awry.
　　A takes over B comes up
　　C is interrupted D becomes faulty
　　7 The man in a rage was dead last night.
　　A narrative B laudable C outraged D patentable
　　8 Sand is found in abundance on the seashore and is often blown inland td form sand hills and dunes.
　　A at random B at high tide
　　C in dry mounds D in great quantities
　　9 Some varieties of shorthorns, the most common breed of beef cattle, are in fact hornless.
　　A credibly B actually C reportedly D potentially
　　10 Due to his carelessness, he was left out of an opportunity.
　　A included in B excluded from
　　C superior to D exhausted by考试大－全国最大教育类网站( ．Examda。com)
　　11 The leaders of modern architecture have characteristically been vigorous and articulate thinkers in whose minds architectural theory is linked to ideas of social reform.
　　A defined by B related to C applied to D reinforced by
　　12 If a foreign object becomes lodged in the eye, medical help is necessary.
　　A deposited in B invisible to C blurred to D isolated in
　　13 James Was oblivious to the noise around him.
　　A nervous about B furious about
　　C irritated by D Unaware of
　　14 In the early days of baseball, the game was played by young men of means and social position.
　　A with skill B with equipment、
　　C with money D with ambition
　　15 Summer weather of ninety degrees or more has been reported off and on in Fort Yokon, Alaska.
　　A back and forth B as of late
　　C now and then D on the spot
第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题l分，共7分）
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句旳信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
　　Water Resource
　　More than half of the water used for drinking, washing and irrigating comes from under the ground. This subterranean (地下旳) water is known as groundwater.
　　It is generally taken for granted that the groundwater drawn from wells is present every where and will always be available and clean and safe to drink. But experts are reporting that groundwater sources can dry up through overuse, or become contaminated as a result of pollution, poor sanitation (卫生) or salt water intrusion.
　　This "‘invisible resource"一as groundwater was described by the United Nations for its 1998 observance (纪念) of World Day for water—is slowly emerging in political, economic and personal affairs.
　　With demand growing and supply presenting greater difficulties, groundwater is on the way to becoming a boom business. The World Bank estimates that the developing countries will require investments totaling $ 600 billion to repair and improve water systems. Of the investments that are actually made, a substantial amount will be devoted to extracting and piping groundwater, primarily for agricultural use and secondarily for industry and household consumption. With a trend towards privatization of public services, it can be expected that a growing portion of investments in water will come from the private sector; requirements that governments privatize water utilities are already being written into the terms of multilateral loans. One consequence of growing privatization may be that access to water will not be re-graded as a right, hut as a function of economic markets.
　　Groundwater, which in its natural state is more protected than surface water, is the preferred source of drinking water for cities. But pressure is being placed on groundwater resources lying close to urban areas by exploding populations, as the portion of the world's peopie residing in citied balloons from 31 percent in l995 to a projected 50 percent in 2023. And there is also the pressure of dollars to purchase land lying above groundwater sources and to keep it in a natural state, in order to protect aquifers (蓄水层) from contamination. In the developing countries, where urban population growth is surpassing sewage systems, the problem of untreated human waste is extremely serious.
　　Alongside the problems of public groundwater sources is the increased consumption of privately bottled water, most of which is named spring water, i.e. groundwater. Consumption of bottled water in the United States, for instance, has risen from virtually nil (零) in the1950s t0 843 million gallons in l984 and 2.95 billion gallons in l997. But drinking bottled water is not just a trend for the middle classes. In developing countries, water pipes rarely extend to the poorer neighbourhoods, and residents have no choice but to pay high prices for bottled water.
　　Political leaders and analysts are talking more frequently about the possibility that increasing demand for precious groundwater will lead to cross—border conflicts, even wars. It is not easy to resolve disputes over the highest groundwater rights, since many aquifers and underground streams cross national borders; and a well drilled vertically within the boundaries of one country may very well be drawing water from the same aquifer, also chosen by a neigh-bouring nation. Inclined and even horizontal drilling further complicates this issue.
　　16 The passage mainly talks about the privatization of groundwater.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　17 Groundwater is omnipresent.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　18 Groundwater is a preferred source of drinking water.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　19 Access to water will be regarded as a function of economic markets.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　20 Compared with developed countries, the biggest problem in developing countries is cross-border conflicts and wars.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　21 The middle classes drink bottled water because water pipes rarely extend to their neigh-bourhoods.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　22 Bottled water is more convenient.本文来源:考试大网
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23~30题，每题l分，共8分）
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个对旳旳小标题；（2）第27~30题规定从所给旳6个选项中选择4个对旳选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
　　How We Form First Impression
　　1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
　　2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person's eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes information—the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals "mean."
　　3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar and safe." If you see someone new, it says, "new—potentially threatening." Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other "known" memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristies, the more your brain may say, "This is new. 1 don't like this person." or else, "I'm intrigued." Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your other friends; so your brain say, "I like this person." But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong.
　　4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people—their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character—we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
　　5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person's character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
　　23 Paragraph 2 ________
　　24 Paragraph 3 ________
　　25 Paragraph 4 ________
　　26 Paragraph 5 ________
　　A Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions
　　B Comment on First Impression
　　C Illustration of First Impression
　　D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories
　　E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions
　　F Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks
　　27 Sensory information is one that is perceived through ________.
　　28 You interpret ________ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
　　29 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to ________.
　　30 We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to ________.
　　A a stranger's less mature type of thinking
　　B the most complex areas of our cortex
　　C the immature form of thinking of a very young child
　　D the meaning of incoming sensory information
　　E the sights and sounds of the world
　　F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题背面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其背面旳问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
　　第一篇 A New Finding
　　British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease.
　　"Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection," said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have peopie who had not been exposed to the infection." Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of con- struction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the, (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing," Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.
　　Their paper adds crucial weight to the l988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.
　　31 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? ________
　　A Leo Kinlen.
　　B Richard Doll.
　　C Louise Parker.
　　D Heather Dickinson.
　　32 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker's new findings? ________
　　A Radiation has contributed to the disease.
　　B Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.
　　C Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.
　　D Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.
　　33 According to the passage, which of the following is true? ________
　　A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.
　　B Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.
　　C Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.
　　D Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.
　　34 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a ________.
　　A medical journal
　　B research institute
　　C private company
　　D governmental agency
　　35 This passage is mainly about ________.
　　A the cluster of leukaemia eases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part
　　B the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia
　　C the causes of childhood leukaemia
　　D a new finding by British scientists
第二篇 Mobile Phone and Diseases
　　A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.
　　But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the serious-ness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.
　　The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.
　　"We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body," Leszczynski said.
　　Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain's protective shield against harmful substances.
　　The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream. Leszczynski said.
　　The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to