东华大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年东华大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I.Vocabulary and structure 0.5%*20=10%Directions:Each of the following sentences is followed by four choices.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then,mark your answer onthe Answer Sheet.1There _ new problems in the relationship between the two countriesin the recent years.A.roseB.raisedC.liftedD.arose【答案】D【解析】句意：近些年两国关系出现了新问题。本句实际上是倒装句，倒装前的句子为new problems _ there in.。可看出该句没有宾语，因此应填一不及物动词。arise为不及物动词，发生，出现，符合句意。raise、lift为及物动词，故不选。rise是不及物动词，但其意思是上升；站起身，故不合句意。2His health _ as he ate too little and worked too hard for months onend.A.broke upB.broke throughC.broke downD.broke off【答案】C【解析】句意：他由于连续几个月不怎么吃饭加上工作太拼，身体状况直转急下。break down被搞垮；垮掉。break up破裂。break through突破。break off突然中止；突然停顿。3After the meeting-the workers went back to their _ workshops.A.respectableB.respectiveC.respectfulD.respected【答案】B【解析】句意：会议过后，工人们回到了各自的工厂。respective各自的。respectable可敬的。respectful表示尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。4His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any _ of it atall.A.recognitionB.meaningC.intelligenceD.sense【答案】D【解析】句意：他的回答太模糊不清了，我一点儿都理解不了。makesense of sth理解，弄懂。5In some bad cold winter,her fingers were bitten by the _.A.iceB.frostC.coldnessD.freezing【答案】B【解析】句意：在一些大冷天，她的手指被冻伤了。frost霜。bitten是bite的过去分词，bite有“（寒风等）刺骨，使感到刺痛，刺痛，刺伤；（严寒）冻伤，冻疼，冻坏”的意思。用frost较为具体。6The _ of insurance is stipulated in the basic policy form and in thevarious risk clauses.A.rangeB.extentC.coverD.including【答案】B【解析】句意：保险的范围写在基本保险单和各种险别的条款里。extent of insurance是保险业中的习惯表达，表示保险范围。7It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ freemedical care.A.involvedB.associated withC.entitled toD.assigned to【答案】C【解析】句意：众所周知，我国的退休职工享有免费医疗的待遇。beentitled to给予权利；给予资格。8Travelers check is not _ until they are counter signed.A.validB.effectiveC.affectiveD.impassive【答案】A【解析】句意：旅行支票只有会签后才有效。countersign会签，联署。valid有效的，指有有效期限的东西，如护照、签证、合同等。而effective指的是效率。affective情感的。impassive喜怒不形于色的，不露感情的。9The feature of the _ video-game machine produced by our factory isthat it is of multilevel and multifunction.A.electricB.electronicC.electricalD.electrified【答案】B【解析】句意：我们工厂生产的电子游戏机的特点是多层次和多功能。electronic电子的，形容电子设备、装置。electric电的，用电的，带电的，指任何电动的或发电的装置。electrical与电有关的，电学的。电子游戏机是电子装置，故用electronic。10It is a large-_ dance played during the Spring Festival or otherfestivals or holidays.A.scaleB.rangeC.holdD.period【答案】A【解析】句意：这是一场大规模的舞蹈演出，是在春节或其他节假日时表演。large-scale大规模的。11We are confident that we can reach that goal ahead of _.A.timeB.scheduleC.timetableD.arrangement【答案】B【解析】句意：我门有信心提前完成任务。schedule日程表，日程安排。schedule强调的是计划的时间，而且是事件的大概时间。timetable本身没有计划的意思，可以是一些固定的时间表，如火车运行时刻表。本句强调的是日程安排，而不是固定的时间。12Although we are hungry,we _ the enemy s invitation for food.A.declineB.requireC.rejectD.refuse【答案】A【解析】句意：虽然很饿，但我们还是委婉拒绝了对手吃饭的邀约。reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等），是很直接地拒绝。decline表示婉拒。对别人的邀请用decline表示婉拒较为恰当。13All flights _ because of the heavy fog,they decided to change theirschedule.A.had been canceledB.were canceledC.having been canceledD.have been canceled【答案】C【解析】句意：由于浓雾所有航班都被取消了，因此他们决定改变行程。本句已有主谓宾，缺非谓语动词，故A、B、D三项均可排除。14Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks if she _ ajob she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got【答案】B【解析】句意：简不想马上工作，因为她觉得一工作很可能就没有办法和朋友经常见面了。本题考查虚拟语气中对将来的虚拟。对将来虚拟，从句有三种形式if+主语+were to do。if+主语+should+do。if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）。根据句意，本句是对将来的虚拟。填wereto get或should get或got。15She ran back to the kitchen,eggs _ carefully in her hands.A.holdingB.to be heldC.were heldD.held【答案】D【解析】句意：她小心地捧着鸡蛋跑回厨房。非谓语hold与其逻辑主语egg是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，故A错误。to be held表将来，与句意不符。本句已有谓语，故C错误。16Many labor unions also have special funds _ workers can receivemonthly checks when they retire or if they become disabled and cannot work.A.in thatB.from whichC.in caseD.in which【答案】B【解析】句意：许多工会会拨出专项资金给退休工人或是身体变残疾、无法再工作的工人。funds后定语从句修饰funds，工人从资金中受到补贴，故用from which。17The students seldom wash their own clothes,_ they help theirparents do some housework.A.rather than doB.much less doC.much more doD.much less【答案】B【解析】句意：这些学生很少自己洗衣服，更不用说帮父母做家务了。much less更不用说。它引导从句使用部分倒装，要把助动词放到主语之前。18My hometown has changed a lot.In doesnt look like _.A.the one of ten years agoB.the one of ten yearsC.one ten years agoD.one from ten years【答案】A【解析】句意：我的家乡发生了很大变化，不像十年前的样子了。十年前ten years ago，ago不能省略。one表示泛指，应用the one特指十年前的家乡。19_ he unwrapped the food the cat mewed hungrily against him.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.what【答案】A【解析】句意：当他打开食物时，猫儿馋得朝他喵喵叫起来。when是ator during the time that,既指时间点,也可指一段时间。while是during thetime that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。当他打开食物的同时，猫咪朝他叫，强调的是打开食物的过程，用while更为合适。20Although the scientists have made great progress in their research,thereare still a large amount of calculation remain _.A.doingB.doC.to doD.to be done【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管科学家们的研究取得了很大进展，但仍有大量计算任务尚未完成。remain to be done表示有待要做的事情，动作尚未发生，如：A lot of machines remained to be repaired（机器尚未修理）。Part II.Blank filling 0.5*10=5%Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriatepreposition or adverb.Fill in each blank with only ONE word.21When I got my case back,it had been damaged _ repair.【答案】beyond【解析】句意：当我拿回箱子时，箱子已经完全没法修复了。above在上边。beyond范围、限度的超出。over在正上方、越过。further距离、时间上更远。beyond repair表示已经难以修复了。22If the rain doesnt stop,people will be faced _ serious flooding.【答案】with【解析】句意：如果雨一直不停的话，人们会面临一场严重的洪灾。befaced with面对，面临。23Your survey will indicate how much money you will have to set _for your purpose.【答案】aside【解析】句意：通过调查你会知道你为实现目标需要支出的费用。setaside.for.留出用于。24My poor husband,who wanted only to help,ended _ as theirvictim.【答案】up【解析】句意：我可怜的丈夫，本来只是想帮忙，却成了受害者。endup结束，最终。25The search for efficiency and cost-cutting measures has resulted_greater centralization.【答案】in【解析】句意：对效率的追求和削减成本措施的实行导致了权力的高度集中。result in导致，结果是。26Mother is much better now,thank you,shes able to get _ a bitmore.【答案】around【解析】句意：谢谢您，我妈妈现在身体好多了，能够多到处走动了。get around随意走走。27Plenty of mysteries have lasted for centuries and finally yielded _explanation.【答案】to【解析】句意：许多持续了数百年的谜团最终得到了破解。yield to被替代；为所取代。28They argued that his economic and political policies were _ of tunewith American values.【答案】out【解析】句意：他们认为他的经济和政治政策与美国的价值观不相符。out of tune with不一致。29The escapees came out of the woods with their hands _ top of theirheads.【答案】on【解析】句意：越狱者从树林中出来，双手抱头。on top of在的顶端上。30The scientists are still working _ inventing new methods ofreaching outer space.【答案】on【解析】句意：科学家们仍在研究到达外太空的新方法。work on努力改善（或完成）。Part III.Error checking 0.5*10=5%Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts markedA,B,C and D.Identify the one that is not correct.Then,mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.31The national parks are very important for preserve many animals,whowould run the risk of dying out.A.for preserveB.whoC.runD.dying out【答案】A【解析】介词后跟动词，动词要变为ing形式。因此preserve应改为preserving。32He was told that if he had been a boy or the family had been richer,hewould have a better chance.A.if he had beenB.had beenC.would haveD.chance【答案】C【解析】从if后从句had+动词过去分词来看，此处表示的是对过去的虚拟。因此主句用would have done的形式。C处应改为would have had。33One of the important characteristics of Mexicos population since 1940have been the rapid rate of natural increase.A.characteristicsB.sinceC.haveD.rate【答案】C【解析】主语是one of.，是单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。have应改为has。34This growth rate is a reflection of the improving health care standardsthat were introduced beginning in 1940.A.reflectionB.improvingC.thatD.in【答案】B【解析】improve与health care standards是被动关系，用过去分词形式，表示已经提高的医疗标准。医疗标准已在1940年引入，说明采用了别国或别处的高医疗标准，是已完成的事，因此不能用ing形式，ing形式表示“正在提高”。improving应改为improved。35The technology of modern mass communication result in many types ofinventions and discoveries.A.communicationB.result inC.inventionsD.discoveries【答案】B【解析】句意：现代大众通讯技术的出现得益于许多类型的发明创造。result in表示造成，结果是。根据句意，“发明创造”是“大众通讯技术出现”的原因，用result from，表示是的结果。因此此处in应改为from。36Technological wonders have made them possible for masscommunication to satisfy the widespread needs for popular,readingmaterials.A.TechnologicalB.themC.widespread needsD.reading materials【答案】B【解析】当句子中的宾语是不定式（to do）、动名词（动词-ing形式）或从句时，宾语会很长，为保持句子平衡，可用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语移到句尾。them不能做形式宾语。此处it指代to satisfy thewidespread.materials。此处them应改为it。37Great as is the energy of the sun,we have not found an effective way tomake use of it in industry.A.as is the energy of the sunB.foundC.effectiveD.to make【答案】A【解析】as引导让步状语从句时，句子的倒装语序有三种形式。1）名词/副词+as+主语+谓语。如：Rich as he is,he is not happy.2）名词（不加冠词）+as+主语+be动词。如：Child as he is,he is mature.3）实意动词+as+主语+助动词。如：Try as she may,she still couldnt open the door.本题采用的是第一种形式，因此谓语is应放在the energy of the sun之后。38I dont see why I should look forward to sitting in an armchair and donothing just because I am over sixty.A.seeB.shouldC.do nothingD.just because【答案】C【解析】look forward to doing sth.期待做某事。and引导的是两个并列动词，因此形式应当一致。do应改为doing。39The girls were sorry to miss the singers when they arrived at the airport.A.wereB.to missC.whenD.arrived【答案】B【解析】to do和to have done都是动词不定式形式，在句子里都用作非谓语动词表达。但是to do指的是尚未发生的动作，to have done 则表达已经发生的动作，或者已有结果的行为。女孩们到达机场时，歌手已经离开了，说明她们已经错过了歌手。miss应改为have missed。40Maps have lines,words,symbolic and colors that show the distributionand arrangement of the Earths geographical features.A.symbolicB.showC.distributionD.arrangement【答案】A【解析】地图上有标志，应用名词symbols，与lines，words，colors并列。symbolic应改为symbols。Part IV.Cloze 0.5%*30=15%Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You arerequired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in theword bank.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on your Answer Sheet.You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.A new science and engineering first degree 41 at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology(MIT)is helping prepare students to become leaders42 of imaging and directing change in local,national,and globalcommunities.Three years ago,MIT worked with Leadership,Inc.to 43 the institute-based Leader Shape Institute.Program leaders-call it“a serious and creative44 to todays basic challenges”to develop students and engineers who areprepared to“lead with integrity”both in technological 45 and in society.Central to the effort is helping students to learn to listen to society as itarticulates(表达)its need for change.For the past three summers,the Leader Shape Institute has 46 120 MITscience and engineering students with a thorough six-day experiencefeaturing highly interactive teaching and learning methodologies 47 theprogram,students develop skills in problem identification and problemsolving,professional morals,decision-making,dealing with uncertainty,working within a 48 community,and relationship communication.Mostdiscussions and activities take place in assigned small“groups”whichprovide supportive,safe environments that promote learning and developnew skills and 49 .Each participant creates and individual plan of actioncalled a“vision which is a main 50 of the Leader Shape curriculum.Each vision must be designed to bring positive change to the institutecommunity,and it must be carried out during the following school year.【答案与解析】41F 本文讲的是麻省理工学院的一个领导人项目，项目学生是理工科学生。42C be capable of doing有能力做某事。43I 麻省理工学院与一公司合作创立的项目。故用create，创造，创建。44L 项目领导说这个项目是“面对当今挑战的认真、有创造力的回应”。response to对的回应。45G 该项目是要培养学生的领导力，不仅仅是在科学领域。故用fields。46M provide.with.为某人提供某物。47K throughout从头到尾；贯穿。互动性的教学法贯穿项目始终。48N 此处需要形容词来修饰名词community，观察选项只有diverse一词较为符合。diverse community多元化的群体。49D 在小团队内，可以学到新的技能，形成新的态度或看法。50B vision是该项目课程的特点，即要学生提出对社区进行有利变革的方案。Section BDirections:Each blank in the following passage is provided with fourpossible choices.Read the whole passage and choose the best answer foreach blank.Then,mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Its an annual back-to-school routine for parents.One morning you waveyour child goodbye,and that 51 evening youre burning the late-night oilin sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards,52 arethrowing the books at kids.53 elementary school students arecomplaining of homework 54 .Whats a well-meaning parent to go?As hard as 55 may be,sit back and chill,experts advise.Though youvegot to get them to do it,56 helping too much,or even examining 57 too carefully,you may keep them 58 doing it by themselves.“I wouldntadvise a parent to check every 59 assignment,says psychologist JohnRosemond,author of Ending the Tough Homework.Theres a 60 of.appreciation for trial and error.Let your children 61 the grade theydeserve.Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of youngerchildren and ask them to rethink their 62 .But“you don t want them tofeel it has to be 63 ,”she says.Thats not to say parents should 64 homework first,they should monitorhow much homework their kids 65 Thirty minutes a day in the earlyelementary years and an hour in 66 four,five,and six is standard,saysRosemond.For junior-high students it should be 67 more than an hourand a half,and two for high-school students.If your child 68 has morehomework than this,you may want to check 69 other parents and thentalk to the teacher about 70 assignments.51A.veryB.exactC.rightD.usual52A.officialsB.parentsC.expertsD.schools53A.AlsoB.EvenC.ThenD.However54A.fatigueB.confusionC.dutyD.puzzle55A.thereB.weC.theyD.it56A.throughB.underC.byD.for57A.questionsB.answersC.standardsD.rules58A.offB.withoutC.beyondD.from59A.singleB.pieceC.pageD.other60A.dropB.shortC.cutD.lack61A.acquireB.earnC.gatherD.reach62A.exercisesB.defectsC.mistakesD.tests63A.goodB.betterC.unusualD.complete64A.forgetB.refuseC.missD.ignore65A.haveB.prepareC.makeD.perform66A.classesB.groupsC.gradesD.terms67A.aboutB.noC.muchD.few68A.previouslyB.rarelyC.merelyD.consistently69A.withB.inC.outD.up70A.finishingB.loweringC.reducingD.declining【答案与解析】51A 早上刚说完再见，当天晚上就得看着孩子秉烛夜读。very表强调，表示正是的；合适的。正是在当天晚上。52D 下句中，小学生们抱怨作业太多。因此选schools。53B 学校的作业多，甚至连小学生也开始抱怨了。even甚至。54A 因为作业量太大，小学生抱怨太疲劳了。fatigue疲劳，疲乏。55D 句意：虽然很难做到，但是专家还是建议家长不要采取行动，冷静点。it是形式主语，指代后文的sit back and chill。56C 句意：孩子做作业时帮助孩子太多或者太过细致地检查答案，都会妨碍到孩子的自主性。by通过，表示方式。57B 参考上题解析，此处说的是作业中问题的答案。58D keep.from.阻止做某事。59A single单个的。这里指每个单个的作业。60D 由于父母给予孩子的帮助太多，因而缺乏对于尝试和犯错的一种欣赏。61B earn有“赢得”的意思。而acquire指通过努力获得知识和能力。62C 家长检查孩子的作业时让孩子们重新考虑的是什么呢？从四个选项来看，重新考虑错误之处才是符合逻辑的。63A 虽然家长要孩子们重新考虑他们作业中的错误之处，但这并不代表要使孩子们达到很好、很完美的标准。64D 前文提到家长不要帮孩子做作业，不要检查孩子的所有作业内容。该句转折，所以推断“这并不是说家长就可以忽视孩子的作业”。65A 后文说到，一到四年级学生标准作业量是半个小时，四、五、六年级学生应为一小时，初中生不多于一个半小时。可以看出，这里指的是孩子有多少作业。直接用have即可。66C 后文提到初中生、高中生的标准作业量，所以推断此处说的是年级grade。67B 说完小学生，这里作者提到初中生。no more than在这里表示“不超过”，指初中生应以一个半小时的标准来布置作业。68D 后文提到要和其他家长甚至是老师来沟通孩子作业量的问题，那么这里肯定表示孩子的作业量超标了。previously（之前地）、rarely（极少地）、merely（仅仅地）都不符合文意，只有consistently（一直以来地、一贯地）才表明作业量持续过多的问题。69A check with表示与核实。70C 作业量过多，家长可以与老师沟通以减少孩子的作业量。B、C、D三项都有“减少”之意，但lowering指降低某数字、价格或程度。declining表示降低时，为不及物动词，后不接宾语。Part V.Reading comprehension 1.5%*20=30%Section ADirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.You should d