Minilecture记重点笔记时的速记方法.doc

Note-taking symbols and abbreviations1）Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency 2）Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism 3）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative 4）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro= introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition 5）Omit vowels，retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government 6）Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational7）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions 8）Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting 9）Spell out short words such as in，at，to，but，for，and key. 10）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. 11）Leave out unimportant words. 12）Leave out the words a and the. 13）If a term，phrase，or name is written out in full during the lecture，substitute initials whenever the term，phrase，or name is used again. For example，Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. 14）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is or equal 15）Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German，for example ibid = Latin，the same work o = degrees H2O = water absolute altitude 绝对高度 absolute weapon 终极武器 acceleration 加速 accuracy 精准度 acoustic intelligence (ACOUSTINT) 声学情报 acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS) 声学共振谱学 active countermeasures 积极反办法 active defense 积极防御 advanced airborne digital computer 先进机载数字计算 机 advanced conventional munitions 先进常规武器 advanced missile system 先进导弹系统 advanced mono-pulse seeker 先进单脉冲导引 头 advanced point defense system 先进点防御系统 advanced power management system 先进电力管理系统 advanced range instrumentation aircraft (ARIA) 高 级靶场仪器飞机 advanced range instrumentation ship (ARIS) 高档靶场仪器船 advanced short-range air-to-air missile 先进近程空对空导弹 aerial refueling (aircraft) 空中加油(飞机) aerodynamic methods of uranium enrichment 铀浓缩空气动力法 ailerons 副翼 air armament 空中武器 air assault 空中袭击 air burst 空气爆炸 air defense 防空 air defense alerting device 防空预警装置 air defense anti-missile system 防空反导弹系统 air defense artillery 高射炮 air defense identification zone 防空辨认区 airborne 机载;空降 airborne alert 空中警戒 airborne early warning (AEW) 空中初期警戒 airborne laser 机载激光器 airborne moving target indicator 机载活动目的批示器 airborne task forces 空降兵特遣部队 airborne warning and control system (AWACS) 机载警报和控制系统 air-breathing missile 空气喷气式导弹 air-combat information 空战情报 aircraft prepared for service (APS) 待命飞行器 aircraft weapon delivery system 机载武器运载系统 air defense antitank system (ADATS) 防空访坦克系统 air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM) 空中发射弹道导弹 air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) 空中发射巡航导弹 air power 空军实力 airspace coordination area (ACA) 空域协调区 air-to-air missile (AAM) 空对空导弹 air-to-surface aerodynamic missile 空对地飞航式导弹 air-to-surface missile (ASM) 空对地导弹 alliance 联盟 altitude marking radar 高度批示雷达 ammunition 弹药 ammunition depot 弹药库 ammunition dump 弹药储藏所 ammunition identification code (AIC) 弹药辨认符号 ammunition point 弹药存储点 ammunition shipment order (AMSO) 药弹运送单 amphibious tank；amphibious plane 水路两栖 (坦克 )；水路两用 (飞机 ) analog 模仿 analysis of variance (ANOVA) 方差分析 analytical photogrammetric positioning system 照相测量分析定位 系统 angle of attack 袭击角 angle position indicator 空中位置批示器 angular position sensor 角度位置传感器 anti-armor cluster munitions 反装甲集束弹 anti-ballistic missile (ABM) 反弹道导弹 anti-landing 反登陆 anti-oxidant compound 抗氧化合物 anti-personnel bomb 杀伤炸弹 anti-personnel grenade 杀伤榴弹 anti-satellite weapons (ASAT weapons) 反卫星武器 Anti-submarine warfare 反潜战 anti-tactical ballistic missile 反战术弹道导弹 apogee 远地点 approach control radar 进场控制雷达 Ardeer Cordite Tubular 阿迪尔柯达型管状发射药 area denial artillery munition (ADAM) 区域封锁炮弹 aperture 孔径 approval request 申请批 armament munitions requirement and development (AMRAD) 武器弹药规定与发展 arming 待发状态 arming device 解脱保险装置 armor piercing discarding sabot 脱壳穿甲弹 armor，armament and ammunition 装甲 ，军械和弹药 armored 装甲；武装 armored division 装甲师 armor-piercing projectile 穿甲弹 armor-piercing reduced caliber projectile (APRC) 次口径穿甲弹 arms control 军备控制 (军控) arms expansion 扩军 arms race 军备竞赛 arms reductions 军队裁减 arms sales 武器销售 army 陆军；集团军;军队 army tactical missile system 陆军战术导弹系统 arrival angle 入射角 arrival vector 到达失量 artillery 炮兵;火炮 artillery saturation rocket system 炮兵压制火箭系 统 assured destruction 保证破坏战略 atmosphere layer 大气层 atmospheric test 大气层实验 atomic bomb 原子弹 atomic demolition munitions 原子爆破弹药 atomic energy detection system 原子能探测系统 attrition inventory quantity 损耗总量 augmented proportional navigation 扩充比例导航 augmented satellite launch vehicle 增大卫星发射工具 auto-igniting propellant 自动点燃推动剂 automatic bomb sight 自动投弹瞄准器 automatic chemical alarm 自动化学报警器 automatic control module 自动控制模块 automatic data acquisition 自动数据采集 automatic inspection of data 自动数据检测 automatic picture transmission 自动图象传播 automatic program control 自动程序控制 autonomous marine system 自主式海军系统 autonomous navigation installation 自主式导航装置 autopilot flight director 自动驾驶飞行指挥仪 auxiliary detonating 辅助起炮 average deviation 平均偏差 aviation personnel 航空兵 avionics 航空电子学 azimuth 方位;炸弹弹道方向偏差 bacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌 backbone militia 基干民兵 bacteriological weapon 细菌武器 balance of power 力量均势 ballistic impact and trajectory 弹道落点与轨道 ballistic missile (BM) 弹道导弹 ballistic missile defense (BMD) 弹道导弹防御 ballistic missile early warning system 弹道导弹预警系统 ballistic missile interceptor (BMI) 弹道导弹截击机 ballistic trajectory 惯性飞行轨迹 beam rider；riding missile 波束制导导弹；驾束式导弹 beryllium 铍 beyond containment strategy 超越遏制战略 bilateral disarmament 双边裁军 bilateral，unilateral，multilateral 双边,单边,多边 biological and chemical weapons 生物化学武器 biological warfare agent 生物战剂 biological weapon 生物武器 blanket 覆盖物 blast 爆炸；爆 破 blast wave 冲击波 blast weapon 冲击波武器 blue water training 远海训练 boiling water reactor (BWR) 沸水反映堆 bomber (light，medium，heavy) 轰炸机 (轻,中,重型) booster 助推器；多级火箭 第一级运载火箭 botulinum toxin (XR) 肉 毒 杆 菌 毒 素 breeder reactor 增殖反映堆 Brilliant Eyes 智能眼 Browning Aircraft Machinegun 勃朗宁航空机枪 buffer zone 缓冲地带 burner reactor (核) 燃烧反映堆 burster 爆炸剂 caisson 沉箱 Canadian deuterium-uranium reactor 加拿大重水铀反映堆 carrier 运载工具 centrifuge 离心机 chain reaction 连锁反映 challenge inspections 质疑视查;质疑监察 chemical defense 防化 chemical defense corps 防化兵 (GSD) chemical defense sub-department PRC (总参)防化分部 中华人民共和国 chemical enrichment method 化学浓缩法 chemical processing 化学加工 circular error probable (CEP) 人民防空(民防) civil air defense PRC 人民防空(民防) 中华人民共和国 civilian use 民用 close-in fall out 近距理(放射性) 微尘沉降 cockpit 驾驶舱 cold war 冷战 collateral damage 附带损伤 collective security 集体安全 (行动) combat radius 作战半径 command，control and communication (C3) 指挥控制与通讯 command-fire mine 遥控水雷 command module 指令舱 communications intelligence (COMINT) 通讯情报 communications satellite 通讯卫星 complete prohibition and destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销 毁核武器 (US-PRC) comprehensive engagement (美中)全面接触 concussion bomb 震央炸弹 confidence and security building measures (CSBMs) 建立信任和安全办法 confidence-building measures 建立信任办法 conformal fuel tank 适型油箱 consultations 协商 contact mine 触发水雷 containment 反 扩 散 (IAEA safeguard) containment and surveillance (C/S) (国际原子能机构安 全保障手段)封隔和监视 continuous monitoring 持续监视 control rods 控制棒 conventional submarine 常规潜艇 conventional weapons 常规武器 conversion 转换；变换 converter reactor (核)转换反映堆 coolant 冷却剂 cooperative measures (核查)合伙办法 core 活性区；反映堆芯 corvett Taiwan 护卫舰湾 counterforce 打击军事力量 countervalue 打击社会财富 critical mass 临界质量 cruising range 巡航范畴 cruising speed 巡航速度 deactivate 撤销 decay (放射性)衰变 decontamination 净化 decoy 假目的；诱饵 de-escalation 降级 defense policy 国防政策 defense spending 国防支出；国防开支 defense system analysis (DSA) 防御系统分析 delayed radiation effect 缓发辐射效应 delivery system 运载系统 denuclearization 非核化 depleted uranium 贫铀 deployment 布置 depression bomb；stifling bomb 窒息弹 detecting (核弹头核查)探测型 detector probe 探 测 器 dtente 缓和 deterrence；deterrent 威慑;威慑力量 development，production and stockpiling (DPS) 发展生产和储存 diptheria 白喉 disarmament 裁军 discriminate deterrence 有选取遏制政策 diversion 她用；另用 dog fight 空中格斗 Dongfeng (PRC missile) 东风(中华人民共和国导弹名称) dual-capable weapons 双重能力武器 dummy bomb fuse 教练炸弹引信 earth penetrating nuclear munitions 钻地核弹头 electromagnetic isotope separation 电磁同位素分离法 electromagnetic pulse (EMP) 电磁脉冲 electron 电子 electronic countermeasure (ECM) 电子干扰;电子对抗 electronic intelligence (ELINT) 电子情报 (电子侦察) electronic missile attack simulator 导弹袭击电子模仿器 electronic ocean reconnaissance satellite (EORSAT) 电子海洋侦察卫星 electronic support measures (EMS) 电子支持办法 electronic tag (R&D by Los Alamos Lab) 电子标签(Los Alamos 实验室研制) elliptical orbit 卫星椭圆轨道 endoatmosphere 大气层内 enrichment 浓缩 equality and mutual benefit 平等互利 equipment renewal 设备更新 equivalent megatonnage (EMT) 百万吨当量 escalation 逐渐升级 exoatmosphere 大气层外 Exocet guided missile 飞鱼导弹 expansionism 对外扩张；扩张主义 explosive reactive armor (ERA) 爆炸反映装甲 export control 出口管制 externally observable difference 外部观测差别 extremely high frequency (EHF) 极高频 F/A-18 Hornet warplane FA-18大黄蜂战斗机 fail-safe procedures 自动防止辐射程序 fallout (放射性)沉降(物) false alert 虚警 fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖反映堆 feed stock 进 料 fertile material 增殖性材料 fiber lock (R&D by E. J. Brooks Company) 纤维锁(E. J. Brooks 公司研制) fiber optic cable communications 光缆通信 fighter-bomber 战斗轰炸机 fire resistant pits 防火弹芯 fire-storm (原子爆炸等引起) 风暴性大火 first strike 第一次(核)打击 fissile material 可裂变材料 fission 裂 变 fission bomb 裂变炸弹 fission weapon 裂变武器 Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence 和平共处五项原则 fixed parameter 确 定 参 数 flight information region 飞行情报区 fly-by-wire flight control system 电传飞控系统 follow on early warning system (FEWS) 后续初期警戒系统 foreign aggression 外患 foreign instrumentation signals intelligence 外国仪器信号情报 formation 编队 forward based system 前沿配备系统 fractional orbital bombardment 轨道爆炸 fractionation 分馏法；粒度级 free rocket over ground (FROG) 克劳夫野战火箭 ；蛙 式战术火箭 frigate PRC 护卫舰中华人民共和国 front army 方面军 fuel assemblies (核)燃料 组件 fuel cycle 燃料循环 fuel fabrication 燃料组合 fuel rod 条形燃料 fuel-air explosive 云炸弹;燃烧空气炸弹 full-scope safeguards 全 面 保 障 监 督 functionally related observable difference 功能导向观测差 异 fusion 核聚变 fusion weapon 热核武器 gas centrifuge method of uranium enrichment 铀浓缩气体离心 法 gas centrifuge process 气体离心过程 gas-cooled reactor 气冷式反映堆 gaseous diffusion 气体扩散 gaseous diffusion method of uranium enrichment 铀浓缩气体扩散法 general and complete disarmament (GCD) 全面彻底裁军 geo-synchronous orbit (GEO) 卫星地球同步轨道 geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星 global positioning satellite 全球定点卫星 global positioning system 全球定位系统 global space launch vehicle (GSLV) 全球空间发射飞行 器 graphite 石墨 ground alert 地面待机 ground zero 地零点(地面上直接 位于核爆炸之下 一点) ground-based electro-optical deep space surveillance 地面光电高空观测 ground-launched cruise missile 地面发射巡航导弹 group army 集团军 guidance 制导；导航 guided missile 导弹 gun-howitzer 加榴炮 gun method 枪法;压拢型(超临界 状态获得方式) H-5 bomber group 轰5型轰炸机群 H-6 strategic bomber 轰6型战略轰炸机 half-life 半衰期；半排出期 hard target 硬目的 Harrier close support attack plane UK 洋狂密接增援袭击 机英国 heavy water 重水 heavy water production 重水生产 heavy water reactor (HWR) 重水反映堆 hegemonism 霸权主义 height of burst 爆炸高度 high explosive (HE) 高能烈性炸药 high frequency (HF) 高 频 high yield test 高威力实验 high-explosive bomb 高能炸弹 high-line transfer deck (navy) 高线传递甲板(海军) high-thrust turbine fan engine 大推动涡轮电扇引擎 highly enriched uranium 高浓缩铀 high-speed anti-radar missile (HARM) 高速反雷达导弹 homing 寻 homing device 自动引导装置 horizontal proliferation 水平扩散 hot cells 热室 hot spot 热点 (放射性最强点) howitzer 榴弹炮 hydrogen bomb 氢弹 hydronuclear explosion (HNE) 流体核算验 hyperchannel 超级通道 Hypervelocity Guided Missile System (HGM) 超高速导弹系统 implosion bomb 爆缩型核武器 identifying (核弹头核查)鉴别型 implosion method 内爆型;压紧型(超临 界状态获得方式) incapacitating agent 失 能 剂 inertial guidance 惯性制导 inertial navigation system 惯性导航系统 infrared (IR) 红外线 initial operational capability (IOC) 初期作战能力 initiator (原子弹)中子源点火器 inshore defense 近岸防御 intercept (e.g.，missile) 拦截 ；截击 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) 洲际弹道导弹 interim test range (ITR) 暂时测试范畴 intermediate nuclear forces (INF) 中程核力量;中导公约 intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) 中程弹道导弹 international technical means 国际技术手段 inverted pass 倒飞通过 isotope 同位素 isotopic separation 同位素分离 item-only safeguards 定项保护 jet-assisted take-off (JATO) 起飞喷气加速器；起飞助推火箭 joystick 摇杆 killer-satellite 截击卫星 kiloton weapon 千吨当量武器 landing operation(s) 登陆作战 laser method of uranium enrichment 铀浓缩激光法 launch (e.g.，missile) 发 射 launch vehicle 运载火箭 launch weight 运载重量 launcher 发射装置 light water 轻 水 light water reactor (LWR) 轻水反映堆 limited nuclear option 有限核被选方案 Long March 2E rocket with strap-on boosters PRC 长征二E捆绑火箭中华人民共和国 long-range ballistic missile (LRBM) 远 程弹道导弹 low earth orbit (LEO) 卫星低轨道；近地 卫星 low frequency (LF) 低 频 low level missile target drone 低空导弹目的声 low-enriched uranium 低浓缩铀 maneuverable reentry vehicle (MARV) 可操纵返航运载工 具 marine corps 登陆队； 陆战队 maritime rights 海洋权 materials test reactor 物质实验反映堆 material unaccounted-for (MUF) 材料损失 Maverick air-to-surface missile US 小牛空对地导弹美 国 maximum range 最大射程 measurement and control 测控 mechanized 机械化 mediate 调停 medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) 中程弹道导弹 mid-course guidance 飞行中段制导 military bloc 军事集团 military hardware 武器装备 military spending 军事开支；军费 military use 军用 military-industrial complex (MIC) 军事工业复合体 mine detector 探雷器 minelaying machine；minelayer 布雷器 mini-nuke 小型核武器 missile fast attack craft 导弹快艇 missile silo 导弹地下发射井 mixed-oxide fuel 混氧燃料 mobile formation 机动编队 mobile missile 机动导弹 moderator 减速器 moon craft 月球探测机 multilateral disarmament 多边裁军 multinational technical means 多国技术手段 mul