20172018高一英语下学期期末复习专题必修4重点词汇训练附解析.docx

2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题 专题四 必修4重点词汇 针对训练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The patient ____________ (observe) over a period of several weeks before she was out of danger. 2. The sick man is under ____________(observe) in hospital at present. 3. (2015•福建改编) The discussion will very soon turn into an _____________(argue). 4. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _____________ (satisfy) his former boss. 5. I am _____________ (satisfy) with your explanation. 6. (2016•天津改编) When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of _____________ (content) based on the topics of its articles. 7. (2016•天津改编) But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different ___________ (direct). 8. (2015•天津改编) Even so, we decided to talk with the owners　　 　　(direct). 9. (2017•新课标全国卷III改编) But we all have to accept that as we get older our ____________(react) slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 10. (2016•新课标全国卷III改编) One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely_____________________ (make) the list than non-science articles. 11. (2016•新课标全国卷III改编)The more positive an article, __________________ (likely) it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, ＂Contagious: Why Things Catch On.＂ 12. (2015•上海改编)Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find _____________(attract). 13. (2016•新课标全国卷I改编) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________(attract). 【答案】 1. was observed 2. observation 3. argument 4. satisfies 5. satisfied 6. contents 7. directions 8. directly 9. reactions 10. to make 11. the more likely 12. attractive 13. attraction 二、用适当的介词填空 1. I deeply respect David ________ what he has achieved. 2. The two groups are similar ________ respect to interest and age. 3. Her courage and determination won the respect ________the audience. 4. ________ of respect, we telephoned him in advance. 5. (2015•福建改编) It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should be content _____________ what we already have. 6. The couple are always arguing________ each other ________money. 7. His family argued ________his giving up smoking. 8. People argue ________ bringing the prices up again. 9. She came________some old photographs in a drawer. 10. Tony came up________a good plan at the meeting. 11. The patient reacted badly ___________the drug. 12. Iron reacts ___________water and air to produce rust(铁锈). 【答案】 1. for 2. with 3. of 4. Out 5. with 6. with; about/over 7. for 8. against 9. across 10. with 11. to 12. with 三、完成句子 1. They ____________________ the window and jump in the house. 有人看到他们打开了窗户，然后跳进了房间。 2. American forces ___________________Christmas quietly. 美国部队正在悄悄地庆祝圣诞节。 3. The staff in the zoo kept the baby panda ___________________. 动物园的职员密切关注着那只熊猫宝宝。 4. (2015•浙江改编) Some _______________________and talk of feeling tired and empty. 一些人不尊重他们所在的公司，谈论着感觉劳累和空虚。 5. (2016•新课标全国卷II改编) It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are ____________________(带着敬意) the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 6. (2015•福建改编)The other person will ___________________ in the future if you do that. 如果你做了那件事，另外一个人将来会对你有更多的敬意。 7. (2015•重庆改编) The disabled should be treated _________________________. 应该用尊重对待残疾人。 8. The children are arguing ________ their parents ________ where to spend their holiday. 孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。 9. Do you argue ________ or ________ the economic reform? 你是赞成还是反对经济改革？ 10. _______________________, and you will have a brighter future. 向前看，你会有一个更美好的未来。 11. I’ve _______________________ all my papers but I still can’t find the contract. 我翻遍了所有文件，但还是找不到那份合同。 12. The students all _______________________ the old philosophy teacher. 学生们都尊敬那位老哲学老师。 13. The speaker often _____________________his notes. 那个演讲的人不时地看发言稿。 14. He likes to __________________________ ＂Doctor Khee＂. 他喜欢被称呼为＂棋博士＂。 15. Tom intended __________________________ (study) abroad. 汤姆打算出国学习。 16. His father__________________________. 他的父亲打算让他参军。 17. We should _________ _________ _________ _________ our study. 我们应该把注意力放在学习上。 18. She felt all the eyes _________ _________ _________ her. 她觉得所有人都在注视着她。 19. Are you _____________________your present salary? 你对你现在的薪水满意吗? 20. He _____________________where he is now. 他安于现状。 21. When the new player came into the team, the match suddenly ___________________________. 新队员一上场，比赛突然活跃起来了。 22. We should ____________ the child ____________ harm. 我们要保护这孩子不受伤害。 23. Their duty is to ____________ the country ____________ its enemies. 他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人(入侵)。 24. (2016•北京改编)In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, _____________ (多亏) cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. 25. (2016•四川改编)The lives of these people have finally been recorded ____________ (多亏) the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. 26. (2015•新课标全国卷II改编)Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to ____________ (对……满意), and complete, their chosen course. 27. (2017•天津改编)Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport ____________(而不是) vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. 28. (2014•陕西改编) We would rather our daughter _______________________(待在家) a with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 29. (2016•新课标全国卷III改编) But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more ________________________(他们作何反应).(react) 【答案】 1. were observed to open　 2. are observing 3. under observation 4. do not respect the companies they work for 5. with respect to 6. have more respect for you 7. with respect 8. with; over/about 9. for; against 10. Look ahead 11. looked through 12. look up to 13. referred to　 14. be referred to as 15. to study/studying 16. intended him to join the army 17. focus our attention on 18. were focused on 19. content with 20. is content to remain 21. came to life 22. defend from 23. defend against 24. thanks to 25. thanks to 26. be satisfied with 27. rather than 28. stayed at home 29. how they react 四、单句改错 1. The professor suggested the problem referred be solved at once. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The children used to referring to that old teacher as Grandpa. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I like the style of the book, but I don’t like the content. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Be content to who you are and what you have. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Our university was founded in October 1951 and is a key institution of higher learning direct under the Ministry of Education. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. 在be前加to 2. referring改为refer 3. content改为contents　 4. to改为with 5. direct改为directly 四、单项填空 1. (2015•安徽) How did we a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it. A. face B. become C. observe D. change 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我们是如何变成一个用了就扔的社会的呢？A. 面对；B. 变得；C. 观察，遵循；D. 改变。根据＂First of all...＂可知，这里讲的是乱扔东西的原因，故选B。 2. (2014•重庆) Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and ___________ them. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove 【答案】C 3. (2014•重庆) Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and replace them. Here are some __________ on how to fit in. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。应该是就如何适应化差异提出了一些具体的建议。A. plans方案、计划；B. tips建议；C. arguments争论；D. choices选择。B项正确。 4. (2017•天津改编)As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would ___________ the same difficulties that beat me before. A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside 【答案】B 【解析】根据上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到以前打败我的同样的困难。A. 克服，战胜；B. 遇到；C. 寻找；D. 把……放到一边。故选B。 5. (2017•浙江) Anis who owned a restaurant to hide some books. A. intended B. pretended C. happened D. agreed 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词。A. intended打算；B. pretended假装；C. happened发生；D. agreed同意。根据＂Anis who owned a restaurant to hide some books＂可知，Anis同意把一些书藏在他的饭店里面。故选D。 6. (2015•江苏) Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ___________ Thomas Edison. A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for 【答案】D 7. David is ___________ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house. A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. fond of 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。由语境＂他不去家里有猫或狗的人家里拜访＂推断，戴维对动物皮毛过敏，故选B。be allergic to 对……过敏；be curious about 对……好奇；be satisfied with 对……满意；be fond of 喜欢。 8. (2015•陕西) Dad didn’t come home as early and as much as he used to. Mum and I became with him for placing our family in trouble. A. satisfied B. delighted C. mad D. strict 【答案】C 【解析】A. satisfied满意的；B. delighted高兴的；C. mad疯狂的，生气的；D. strict严格的。句意：我和我妈妈因为他使家庭陷入困境而生他的气。选C。 9. ―Would you mind my using your computer for a little while? ―____________. A. No, please don’t B. I’d rather you didn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Sure, it’s my pleasure 【答案】B 【解析】考查交际用语。I’d rather you didn’t常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。 10. I would rather ____________ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A. not have watched B. not watch C. hadn’t watched D. haven’t watched 【答案】A 【解析】would rather (not) have done 意为＂宁愿(未)做过某事＂，表示后悔或遗憾。 11. (2015•福建) It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became ___________ her habit of finding fault. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about 【答案】A 【解析】A. aware of注意；B. afraid of担心；C. curious about对……好奇；D. confused about对……迷惑。句意：直到她的朋友受了重伤，Kerry才注意到她挑毛病的习惯。故选A。 12. (2017•江苏改编)A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity. However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school’s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地）on the piano and found it to pick out tunes. A. complicated B. safe C. confusing D. easy 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词。根据下句＂actually... tried to hide... pleasure＂等词或词组可以看出，Gabriel在音乐中找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，此处是说，他发现演奏音乐很容易。故选D。 13. (2015•江苏) The whole team ___________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on 【答案】C 14. (2015•江苏) Butterflies __________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on 【答案】B 【解析】carry on 继续，坚持；feed on 以……为食；put on穿上，上演；focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于。句意：蝴蝶以花分泌的一种甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和其他的昆虫也采集这种甜的液体。 15. (2014•重庆) What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of __________. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as ＂that crazy foreigner＂. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction 【答案】C 【解析】从下文＂一笑了之＂可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。A. relief轻松，放松；B. belonging归属；C. humor幽默；D. direction方向。C项正确。 16. (2017•浙江改编)The books stayed hidden as the war . Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground. ...But the war was not over yet. A. approached B. erupted C. continued D. ended 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词。A. approached 接近；B. erupted爆发；C. continued继续；D. ended 结束。由后文Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.可知，战争仍在继续。故选C。 17. (2016•江苏) He did not ____________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate 【答案】C 18. (2014•广东改编)The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ____________ to these problems. However, some approaches are more successful than others. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 【答案】A 【解析】语境是＂圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法＂。此处approaches 方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，说明；attitudes 态度，看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。 19. (2016•江苏) Many businesses started up by college students have ___________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B项正确。 20. (2015•天津) Tom had to____________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to 【答案】B 21. (2016•四川改编) Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. Even the youngest children in the class were by the story. A. surprised B. annoyed C. puzzled D. attracted 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词。A. surprised使惊讶；B. annoyed 烦恼；C. puzzled疑惑；D. attracted吸引。句意：甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。故选D。 22. (2015•安徽) I’m so ___________ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A. 特殊的；B. 优秀的，比……好的；C. 感激的；D. 有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。 23. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ___________ some serious work. A. come up with B. get down to C. do away with D. live up to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：总之，我们现在到这儿了，所以该我们着手做些正经事儿。come up with想出(计划、回答)，做出 (反应)，产生；do away with废除，消灭，去掉；live up to达到高标准，不辜负，实行，履行。 24. Would you like to ____________ with us to the film tonight? A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through 【答案】A 25. Team leaders must ensure that all members ___________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. A. get over B. look over C. take over D. come over 【答案】A 【解析】句意：团队的领导者必须确保所有的成员克服他们避免与制造错误相关的尴尬的自然欲望。get over意为＂克服＂，符合题意。look over＂检查＂；take over＂接管＂；come over＂过来，顺便来访＂。 五、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Areas of Tokyo which had usually been packed with office workers like sushi(寿司) restaurants and noodle shops were unusually quiet. Many schools were closed. Companies allowed workers to stay home. Long queues formed at airports. As Japanese authorities struggled to avoid disaster at an earthquakebattered nuclear plant 240 km to the north, parts of Tokyo resembled a ghost town. Many people stocked up on food and stayed indoors or simply left, transforming one of the world’s biggest and most populated cities into a shell of its usual self. ＂Look, it’s like Sunday ― no cars in town, ＂ said Kazushi Arisawa, a 62yearold taxi driver, as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes. ＂I can’t make money today. ＂ Radiation in Tokyo has been negligible,_ briefly touching three times the normal rate on Tuesday, smaller than a dental Xray. On Wednesday, winds over the Fukushima (福岛) nuclear power plant blew out to sea, keeping levels close to normal. But that does little to relieve public