九年级英语人教版被动语态语法总结及练习.doc

被动语态
1 被动语态的构成
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一 般 将 来 时
现在完成时
情态动词
谓语动词构 成
am
is +p.p.
are
am
is +being+p.p.
are
will + be+p.p.
am
is +going to+ be + p.p.
are
have(has) +been+p.p.
情态动词+be+p.p
过去时态
一般过去时
过 去 进 行 时
过 去 将 来 时
过去完成时

谓语动词构 成
was +p.p.
were
was
+being+p.p.
were
would +be+p.p.
was
+going to+be+p.p.
were
had +been+p.p.

(1) 被动语态的用法：
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：
A man was killed in the accident. / This window was broken yesterday.
②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：
Rice is also grown in this place. A railroad will be built here in three years.
③ 强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：
It was written by Lu Xun. A pet dog is never killed by its owner
注意点：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→
He was given a dictionary by his teacher..→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.
His father made him a kite. →A kite was made for him by his father.
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.
The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. →The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。
The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。一感（feel）
二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.
We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2). 短语动词的被动语态 　 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。：
　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before.
3). 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。
　　It is said that…　　 据说　It is reported that… 据报道　　　It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　
It is hoped that…　大家希望It is well known that… 众所周知　　It is thought that…　大家认为
It is suggested that…　据建议　　　It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　
It has been decided that… 大家决定　It must be remember that… 务必记住的是 
4). 不用被动语态的情况
　1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态
　 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen.
　 （错） The accident was happened last week. 对） The accident happened last week.
　 （错） The price has raised.（对） The price has been raised.
（错） Please seat.　（对） Please be seated.
（错） Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother.　（对） My mother enjoys watching TV.
（错）A meeting will be had by us.　（对）We will have a meeting.
易错点
一 主动结构表示被动意义
1 open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirts sell well here.
2 look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
School uniforms look good on us. The cake smells delicious.
3 want/ need/require + doing = want/ need/repair+ to be done to be done表示不定式的被动形式。
My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.
每五天浇花
二被动语态与系表结构的区别
This shop is closed at nine o’clock. (表示动作)
This shop is closed today. (表示状态)
This shop is _________(open) at 8 in the morning.
小练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )10.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
10. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
11. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
12. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
13. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
中考演练
【2014江苏无锡】— Life gets easier with the Internet.— That’s true! Almost everything ____be done on line.
A. can B. need C. must D. should
【2014湖北咸宁】—Food safety is very important. —So some rules ______to stop people from polluting food.
A．must make B．must be made C．must made D．be made
【2014江苏盐城】68. Scientists are working hard to make the dream _______(come) true.
【2014淮安1】Last March, many trees ___ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.
A. were planted B. were planting C. had planted D. planted
【2014盐城2】Shenzhou X, China’s fifth manned spacecraft, ____into space on June 11. 2013.
A. has sent B. was sent C. will send D. is sent
【2014贵州安顺】—Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo!
—lt by my uncle. He is working in Shanghai.
A. has bought B. had bought C. is bought D. was bought
【2014十堰】We are glad to hear that the terrorists __ by the brave policemen several days ago.
A. are caught B. were caught C. have been caught D. are going to be caught
【2014山东临沂】18. Three bridges ________ over the river five years ago.
A. built B. build C. were built D. are built