人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2语法与写作指导.doc

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2语法与写作指导Unit 2 What time do you go to school?Unit 2语法与写作指导语法指导之一询问时间及时间表达法【教材原句】1.What time do you usually take a shower,Rick?I usually take a shower at six forty.2.What time does Rick eat breakfast?He eats breakfast at seven oclock.3. When do your friends exercise?They usually exercise on weekends.以上例句，是由疑问词 和 引导的，用来询问时间的特殊疑问句及其相应的回答。（what time；when）【语法透析】一、如何用when与what time询问时间When与what time都可以用来询问时间，意为“什么时候”，但它们并不完全等同。在不同的语境下，它们的使用还是有一定讲究的。What time用来询问具体的时间点；when既可以用来询问具体的时间点，还可以用来询问时间段。也就是说，它们有时可以互换，有时却不能，具体用法如下：1.询问做某事的时间（钟点）时，两者可以互相替换。例如：When /What time do you go to school?I go to school at seven oclock.2.询问钟表所表示的具体时间（钟点）时，即几点几分，只能用what time，而不能用when。例如：What time is it now，Jack?Its eight thirty.3.询问事件发生的年份、月份、日期等非钟点性时间时，只能用when，而不能用what time。例如：1)When was your brother born?He was born in 1995.2)When is TeachersDay?Its September10th.【拓展记忆】用what time提问时间，答语应包括具体的时间点；用when提问时间，答语则不一定为具体的时间点；用when提问时间，回答若是具体的时间点，则可以用what time替换。【试题链接】 do you go to school?At 7:00 in the morning.A.What B.How C.What time D.How old(what“什么”；how“怎样”；what time“什么时间”；how old“多大”。由答语“At 7:00 in the morning.”可知问句是对具体时刻提问，故选C。)【试题链接】 did you visit the Science Museum?Three months ago.A.When B.Where C.What D.Which(答语“Three months ago.”意思是“三个月前”，由此可知询问的内容应为“何时”，故选A。)二、时间表达法英语中，表达时间要用基数词。1.所有的时间都可用“小时+分钟”直接表达，数字更鲜明，文字用正式。例如：6:30=six thirty六点半 7:45=seven forty-five七点四十五分6:00=six oclock六点 【注意】整点+oclock(可省略)，非整点后面决不可有oclock.2.如果所表述的时间在半小时之内（包括半小时），可以用“分钟数+past+小时数”来表达时间。例如：6:10=ten past six 4:20=twenty past four10:25=twenty-five past ten 11:30=half past eleven3.如果所表述的时间在半小时之外，可以用“（相差的）分钟+to+（下一个）小时数”来表述时间。例如：10:35=twenty-five to eleven 5:50=ten to six 9:49=eleven to ten4.一刻（十五分）也可用quarter来表达。例如：1:15=a quarter past one 3:45=a quarter to four【注意】在时间前面应用介词at来表示“在时间”的意思。若表示的时间不够准确，可在时间前加上介词about。在时间后加上am或a.m.(in the morning)表明是上午；在时间后加上pm或p.m.（in the afternoom）表明是下午。例如：at about eight在大约八点 at nine am在上午九点 at about five thirty-five p.m.大约在下午五点三十五分【试题链接】When did the eatthquake in Lushan happen?It happened 8:20 the morning of April20,2013.A.on;in B.at;in C.at;on D.on;on(某时刻前用介词at，具体到某天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on，故选C。)语法指导之二频度副词【教材原句】1.I usually take a shower at six forty2.They always get dressed at seven twenty.3.Anna never eats breakfast.4.After school,I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.以上几句中出现的 （通常）， （总是，一直）， （从不）和 （有时）都是表示频率的副词，叫频度副词。（usually；always；never；sometimes）【语法透析】频度副词的含义频度副词是副词的一种，通常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。本单元出现的频度副词有always，usually，sometimes，never。always是频度最大的词，意为“总是；永远”；usually意为“通常”，即很少有例外，频度仅次于always；sometimes意为“有时”；never意为“从不”。例如：John always comes late.约翰总是迟到。I usually go to school by bus.我通常乘公共汽车上学。He sometimes plays volleyball after school.他有时放学后打排球。I never drink milk。我从不喝牛奶。【拓展记忆】频度副词一般放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。例如：We never eat junt food.我们从不吃垃圾食品。Lucy is sometimes very busy.露西有时很忙。对频度副词提问时，用how often。例如：1）How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？Hardly never.几乎从不。2）How often do you play chess after school?I always play chess after school.【试题链接】Though they are far away from school,the children who live in mountains go to school on foot.A.ever B.always C.never D.hardly ever（句意为“尽管他们离学校很远，但住在大山里的那些孩子总是步行去上学”。ever意为“曾经”；always意为“一直，总是”；never意为“从不”；hardly ever意为“几乎很少”。由句意可知选B。）语法指导之三一般现在时的判断当我们遇到一个句子，要判断这一个句子用不用一般现在时，可以从以下几方面下手：1.当句中用到副词often（经常），usually（通常），sometimes（有时）或always（总是）等，同时该句中无表示过去或将来的时间状语时，那么这个句子就用一般现在时。例如：The student often plays basketball at school. My friends always help me with my Chinese. Sometimes Jim plays the piano after lunch.2.一般现在时，常和类似every day，in the morning，on Sunday，at eight oclock,in the afternoon等具有周期性的时间状语连用。例如：The teacher takes the number 17 bus to school in the morning. I watch TV every day.3.一般表示某人或某物现阶段的特征、性质、能力等以及现实社会和自然界中的客观现象，包括真理性的内容时，用一般现在时的句子表达。例如：The girl is beautiful(漂亮的).She works in a shop. The earth goes around the sun.EXERCISES:一、选择填空。（ ）1. do you usually go shopping? On Sundays.A.What B. When C.Where D.Why（ ）2. does Lily have lunch at school? At twelve oclock. A.What B. How C.What time D.How much（ ）3.Have you ever been to Disneyland? No, .I hope I can go there next year.A.always B. sometimes C.never D.often（ ）4.Ms. Lin is very popular among the students. Yes.Her classes are lively and interesting. A.always B. sometimes C.hardly D.never（ ）5.Do you often go fishing with your father? No, . I dont like fishing at all.A.never B.always C.usually D.ever二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Alice often (go) to school with her friends.2.Cindy (do)her homework at school.3. Mike (take)a shower in the evening or in the morning?4.What your mother often (do)after dinner?5.What time Jack (eat) lunch?6.Jim (not watch) TV on school days.7.Ann (want) to join the music club.8.Tom (like) eating ice-cream.9.She never (have) breakfast.10.My father (work)at a hospital.三、按要求完成句子。1.They do their homework at home at eight.（改为否定句） 2.My father brushes his teeth at seven forty am. （改为一般疑问句） 3.Lucy goes to bed at nine oclock in the evening. （对画线部分提问） 4.Rick often does sports in the morning. （改为一般疑问句） 5.My grandpa gets up early because he wants to play sports. （对画线部分提问） 四、根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.你几点吃早饭？ you breakfast?2.她总是很早起床。 She .3.迈克从不在晚上看电视。 Mike in the evening.4.王先生什么时候上班？ Mr.Wang to work?5.莉莉通常在周末做锻炼。 Lily on weekends.话题写作【写作话题】本单元围绕“日常作息习惯（daily routines）”话题，让学生描述自己或他人的日常活动。在写作中往往会涉及时间和常见的一些频率副词。写作命题形式一般有命题作文、描述某人一天的活动的看图作文和表格作文等。【常用短语及句型】Adverbs of frenquencyAlways,usually,sometimes,neverDaily activitiesget up,get dressed,bursh ones teeth,eat/have breakfast,go to school/work,go home,go to bed,take a shower,do homework,clean ones room,take a walk,play sports,exercise,runTimesat seven oclock,at nine thirty,at half past six,at a quarter to twelve,in the morning/evening/afternoon,at noon/nightTalking about routinesA：What time do you usually get up? B：I get up at six thirty.A：What time does Rick eat breakfast? B：He eats breakfast at seven oclock.A：When does Scott go to work? B：He always goes to work at elevenoclock.【写作应用】假如你是中学生Zhang Ming，根据下列表格提示，以“My Saturday”为题，写一篇60词左右的英语短文。时间活动内容7:00起床7:30吃早饭8:00-11:00做家庭作业12:00吃午饭14:00-17:00与朋友一起踢足球18：00吃晚饭19:00-20:00在家看电视21:30去睡觉 【写作技巧】1.首先认真审题，确定以一名中学生的身份来写作，表格内容时日常活动。2.写作时可按时间顺序来介绍，句子间的衔接要自然，使文章条理清晰，逻辑性强。3.文章主要用一般现在时态，注意使用频率副词。4.正确运用时间表达法，时间段用fromto，时间点用介词at等。【优秀范文】My SaturdayMy name is Zhang Ming.I am a middle school student.Now let me tell you about my Satuday.I usually get up at 7:00 oclock,and have breakfast at seven thirty.Then I do my homework from 8:00 to 11:00 in the morning.After that,I have lunch at about 12:00.In the afternoon,I often go to play soccer with my friends from 14:00 to 17:00.And I have supper at 18:00.I sometimes watch TV from 19:00 to 20:00.At about 21:30,I go to bed.