初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点重点归纳与习题精炼.pdf

初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知 识点重点归纳与习题精炼八年级（上册）U nit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?Sec tion A1.W e are going to have a basketball game against Class Three,against 表示“对着：反对；靠着“。e.g.W e are all against him.例 1(10 年通化中考)Mr.Blac k is strongly keeping animals inthe zoo,bec ause he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freed om.A.up B.for C.against D.d own2.c heer sb.on为.加油，鼓劲例 2 Our c lass will have a basketball matc h with Class Two tomorrow.That sound s exc iting.I 11 go and.A.c heer on you B.c heer you on C.c heer up you D.c heer you up3.win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。(1)win(won,won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。(2)beat(beat,beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳 动”或“击打”。r a game r a teamwin事物 a war bet+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手)e.g.In the 29th Olympic Games,Phelps beat the other suimmers and won 8 gold med als himself.在第29届奥运会上，菲尔普斯战胜其他游泳运动员，一人独获 8金。【例 3】(10 年福州中考)My favourite football team was(beat)in the Cup Final.【例 4】一Our team the matc h.W e*ve got the first plac e!-W ell d one!Congratulations!A.hit B.beat C.won D.watc hed考点链接】beat/win(l)They the basketball matc h yesterd ay.(2)By hard work she the first plac e in the math exam.(3)He c an always me at c hess.(4)It,s d iffic ult to Class 3.They have several good players.【分析比较】这两个词中都有“赢”的意思。但beat的宾语是对手，即表示人 的名词或代词，也可指打破纪录。win的宾语是表示比赛、奖品、胜利或荣誉等的名词 或代词。(1)的宾语是“比赛”，应填won。(2)的宾语是“名次”，应填won。(3)和(4)的宾语为“代词和表示人的名词”，故填beat。4.prefer宁愿，更喜欢2(1)prefer d oing sth.to d oing sth.跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sb./sth.to sb./sth.跟某人/某物比较起来更喜欢人/某物(2)prefer to d o sth.(rather)than d o sth.跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某 事(3)prefer to d o sth.更喜欢做某事【例 5(10 年安徽中考)一Do you often watc h Man and N ature on TV?-Sometimes.Its an interesting program,but I Sports N ews.A.prefer B.want C.enjoy D.miss5.join/take part in(1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员(2)join sb.(in d oing sth.)和某人一起(做某事)(3)join in=take part,in 参加某项活动【例 6】(09 年包头中考)The weins are walking the book who moved my c heesew,it s fun to them.A.join B.join in C.take part in D.enter6.a little/a bit(1)作状语，修饰比较级 e.g.He is a bit/a little old er than you.(2)作主语或宾语 e.g.Please give me a bit/a little.(3)与 not 连用时 not a bit=not at all not a little=very muc h e.g.He is not a little tired.他非常累。He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累。(4)作定语修饰不可数名词a little(of)=a bit of(5)quite a bit of后只能接不可数名词。quite a lot of可接可数或不可数 名词。quite a few后只能接可数名词。【例 7】(09 年上海中考)The Americ an stud ent c ould speak only Chinese,but he managed to c ommunic ate with us.A.few B.a little C.a few D.littleSec tion B1.play for a team为某队效力be in/on the team在某队打球【例 8】Tom likes basketball very muc h.He wants to play the N BAwhen he grows up.A.with B.for C.of D.to2.d ream作名词，梦，梦想。e.g.my d ream job也可作动词d ream of/about sth./d oing sth.【例 9】Last night I d reamt alone in the mountains0A.of run B.of running C.to run D.ran3.“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。e.g.He is one of the best basketball players.I like him very muc h.但它作主语时，谓语应用单数。One of the tallest boys in the team is from our c lass.【例 10】(10 年莆田中考)The Great W all of China is one of wond ersin the world.A.great B.B greater C.the greatest4.break the rec ord 打破记录5.in the 2008 Beijing Olympic s在2008年北京奥运会中。“在.比赛中”用in4e.g.in the rac e/in the basketball game6.give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。e.g.give it up,give up d oing sth.放弃做某事。【例 11】(10 年莆田中考)Smoking is harmful to people,s health,you should it(放弃).7.W hat a Shame=W hat a pity 真遗憾！【例 12(10 年龙岩中考)-I missed the wond erful basketball Matc h.A.N o problem B.W hat a pity C.N ot at allSec tion C1.spend/c ost/pay/take(1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间/精力/财力在某事或某物上，主 语是人。(2)c ost主要指花费金钱/时间/劳力/精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是 sth.c osts sb.(3)pay sb,酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用c ost作同义 句转换。e.g.He paid 20 yuan for the d ic tionary.=He spent 20 yuan on the d ic tionary.=The d ic tionary c ost him 20 yuan,pay for sth.为.付款 e.g.Hehas paid for the c oat.(4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。【例 13】It s take us about a week the mac hine.A.to mend B.mend C.mend ed D.mend ing【考点链接】spend/take/c ost/pay(l)The girl thirty yuan on the sc arf yesterd ay.(2)How muc h d id that shirt you?(3)I five d ollars for the book just now.(4)It me two hours to finish my homework every night.(5)I11 for the tic kets.(6)They half a d ay visiting the Great W all.【分析比较】四者都有花费的意思。spend后接金钱或时间，常用结构为sb.spend s money/time on sth.或 sb.spend s money/time(in)d oing sth.。(1)题意为“昨天这个女孩花三十元钱买了条围巾，故填spent。(6)题意为“他们用了 半天参观长城”，故填spent。c ost花费金钱、时间等，主语必须是物或用it作形式主语。(2)题意为“这件 衬衫花了你多少钱，故填c ost。pay 常与 for 连用，主语为人。pay for sth./pay money for sth(3)题意 为“刚才我花了 5美元买这本书”，故填paid。(5)题意为“我会付这些票的饯“，故 填 pay。take多指花费时间，常用句型It takes sb.some time to d o sth.(4)题意 为“每晚我要花两个小时来完成作业”，故填takes。2.d o exerc ise=play sports 做运动，锻炼3.There be 句型的将来时结构为 There is/are going to be 或 There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。5【例 141 There a funny film tonight in our sc hool.W ould you liketo see with me?Id like to,but I have to d o my homework.A.is B.have C.is going to have D.is going to be4.the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远5.sure(l)be sure that+从句 e.g.I am sure that he is right.(2)sb.be sure to d o sth.某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。e.g.They are sure to c ome early.=1 am sure that they will c ome early.(3)be sure of/about sth./d oing sth.“确信”，表示主语对.有把握。e.g.I am sure of suc c ess.=1 am sure I will suc c eed.(4)用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to d o sth.一定(不)做某事 e.g.Be sure to c ome here early.【例 151(10 年福州中考)一r m not sure there are living thingson other planets or not.Even sc ientists arent sure about it.A.whether B.where C.why6.make的用法。(l)make sb.d o sth.使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原 too(2)“make sb./sth.+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。e.g.The rainy d ays make me sad.(3)make sth.for sb.make sb.sth.为某人制作.例 16 His word s mad e us(feel)unc omfortable.7.be good for”对.有益，反义词组是be bad for”对.有害”。8.keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康【例 17(保持健康)is very important for U S bec ause health is everything.Sec tion D1.play against 跟.进行比赛 e.g.W ould you like to play against us?【考点链接】play with/play against/play for(l)Our team will Class Three next Saturd ay.(2)A group of kid s were a ball in the street.(3)Does Yao Ming the Houston R oc kets in the N BA?【分析比较】play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。(2)题意为“孩子们在玩 球”，故填 playing with。play against同.比赛。(1)题意为“两个队比赛“，故填play against0play for为效力。(3)题意为“姚明在N BA为休斯敦火箭队打球吗?”，故填 play for。2.leavefor离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地.【例 18(10 年龙岩中考)一Im leaving for Shanghai to visit the Expo 2010 this weekend.A.W ell d one B.I hope so C.Have a good tripe3.一般将来时(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常 或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,soon,later on,next time(week,month,year,Sund ay)等。6（2）结构为 be going to d o sth.或 will d o sth.。There be 句型的将来时 结构为 There is/are going to be 或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能 出现表示“有的have/haso（3）表示位置移动的动词go,c ome,leave,fly,start等可以用现在进行时 表示将要发生的事。其中go和c ome 一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例 19】（10 年河北中考）This term over.The summer vac ation isc oming in two weeks.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be【例 20（10 年重庆中考）If you to the 2010 Shanghai Expo nextweek,I will go with you.A.go B.has gone C.will go D.are going【习题精练】I.词汇A.根据句意和汉语提示填写单词。1.would you like to（参力口）the sc hool English c lub?2.Yaoming will play for our national（队）.3.A lot of people like the song very muc h Its very（流行）.4.You can（放松）yourself when you listen to music after a d ays work.5.Kate*s father is（出发）for Beijing the d ay after tomorrow B.根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。1.W hat d oes J oan want to be when she（长大）.2.Our c lass will（与.比赛）the Class Four football team.3.Do you know what the best way to（保持健康）is?4.Please c ome and us（为.加油）.5.They all took part in the 2002（世界杯）.II.单项选择1.（10 年武汉中考）It was a d iffic ult time,but we never hope.A.put up B.gave up C.pic ked up D.used up2.（10 年宁德中考）The nic e toy is muc h too expensive,I c ant it.A.spend B.pay C.afford3.（10 年龙岩中考）一How muc h d id you pay for the new c ar?It me more than 300,000 yuan.A.c ost B.spent C.mad e4.（10 年兰州中考）Danny d id all kind s of things to make the babyA.to stop c rying B.stop c rying C.to stop to c ry D.stop to c ry5.（10 年南京中考）一I hear Sam has gone to Qingd ao for his holid ay.一Oh,how nic e!Do you know when he?A.left B.left for C.was leaving D.was leaving for6.（10 年江西中考）一Hello,Sand y.This is J ac k.W hat are you d oing?7一Im watc hing a matc h.It started at 7 p.m.and on for anotherhalf an hour.A.has been B.was C.had been D.will be7.（09 年厦门中考）一Yeah,our team the matc h.-W ell d one!Congratulations.A.beat B.failed C.won8.（09 年扬州中考）一what a heavy rain!-So it is.I prefer at home on suc h a rainy d ay.A.watc h TV；to go out B.watc h TV；go outC.watc hing TV；to going out D.to watc h TV；going out9.（09 年福州中考）Papermaking is of anc ient China.A.one of greatest inventor B.one of the greatest inventorsC.one of greatest invention D.one of the greatest inventions10.（09 年泉州中考）一Is the man in blac k pants your teac her?Yes,he us biology sinc e last year.A.will teac h B.has taught C.is teac hing11.（09 年漳州中考）一Im sorry I c an*t find the library book.-I,m afraid you have to it.A.send for B.c all for C.pay for D.wait for12.（08 年龙岩中考）一I missed the Same Song yesterd ay._.I know that you like the program best.A.I am afraid not B.W hat a pity C.I think so13.（08年龙岩中考）R ather than on a c rowd ed bus,he always prefersto sc hool.A.to rid e；walk B.rid ing；walk C.rid e；to walk14.（08 年厦门中考）一W ould you like some milk in your tea?Yes,please.But just.A.little B.a little C.a few15.（07 年云南中考）The twins are talking about the book W ho Moved My Cheese.It,s fun to .A.join B.join in C.take part in D.enterHL（10年泉州中考）完形填空The holid ay season is a wond erful time to stay with the family and to enjoy d elic ious food you like 1 of all.But along with many joys of the holid ay,there is also quite 2 stress.Doing exerc ises is an exc ellent way 3 suc h stress.Traveling,shopping and many other exerc ises as well as eating well are also good for 4.Here are some holid ay trips 5 will prevent you from getting weight.,W alk for a while every d ay.Take the stairs instead of 6 the lift.,Make time for 7.Even a quic k breakfast,like fruits for juic e,whole-grain c ereal（谷类食品），and milk,c an prevent hunger 8 the d ay.,Drink at least eight glasses of water every d ay.Bec ause 9 water prevent hunger and tired ness.You c an c hoose good d rinks like water,juic e and tea.8,Eat at least five kind s of fruits and vegetables every d ay.10 you want to eat something between breakfast and lunc h,pic k fruits and vegetables,they are good snac ks.W ish all of you a very healthy and happy holid ay season1.A.wellB.betterC.best2.A.littleB.a lot ofC.many3.A.fightB.to fightC.fighting4.A.workB.stud yC.health5.A.thatB.whatC.who6.A.waiting foir B.looking at;C.c hec king over7.A.supperB.lunc hC.breakfast8.A.afterB.d uringC.before9.A.enoughB.hotC.c lean10.A.But【考点解析】B.IfC.Bec auseTopic 2 W ould youSec tion Amind passing me some water?1.would/c ould/will you(please)d o sth.”请你做.好吗？”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是 would/c ould/will you(please)not d o sth.。e.g.W ould you please not play the piano loud ly?【例 1】(10 年陕西中考)Hi,J ac k.W ould you please the pic ture on the wall?A.to put up B.put up C.set up D.to set up2.fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉 不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall d own摔倒，跌倒。【考点链接】sic k/ill(l)The c hild need s help.(2)His grand ma is still in bed.【分析比较】sic k“生病的，有病的”。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可 以用作表语。故(1)和(2)两题都可以填sic k。ill与sic k同义，ill主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill,只有(2)可填iH。3.mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sb./sth./d oing sth.o e.g.I d ont mind a little more homework W ould you mind me/my smoking here?=W ould you mind if I smoke here?对would you mind sb/sb.J s d oing sth.及“would you mind if啾句 的回答，如果是表达“会介意，可用Yes,you,d better not./I am sorry but I d o.如果表达不会介意，可用 N o,not at all./N ever mind./It d oesnt matter./N o,of c ourse not.(2)用于提出建议。W ould you mind d oing sth/would you mind not d oing sth?对 W ould you mind d oing sth.的回答可以用 Of c ourse not,I will d o it right away./Sorry.I will d o it right away.对 would you mind not d oing sth.的 回答可以用 Sorry,I wont d o it again./Im sorry about that.9（3）作动词，“注意,当心”。e.g.Mind the wet paint.（4）作名词，“思想。set ones mind to d o sth./on sth.专注于做某 事例 2（10 年宁德中考）My grand parents are sleeping in the bed room.W ould you mind my TV?Certainly not.W e c an go out for a walk.A.turning on B.turning off C.turning up【例 3】（10 年安徽中考）一I hope you d ont mind my opening the wind ow.Its muc h too hot in here.A.Certainly B.Of c ourse not C.All right D.N ever mind4.be glad/happy to d o sth.乐意做某事【例 4】I think everyone is glad more friend s.You know,morefriend s,more road s.A.make B.making C.to make D.makes5.prac tic e sth./d oing sth.练习做某事【例 5】（09 年上海中考）Susan finally bec ame a popular singer after she prac tic ed for years.A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sangSec tion B1.be always d oing sth.老是.，含有抱怨的感情色彩。e.g.Liu Mingis always fighting with his friend s.【例 6】一Tom,d on*t be always for sc hool.I am very sorry.I won*t.A.be late B.late C.being late D.lating2.c areless形容词，反义词是c areful。c arelessly副词，反义词是 c arefully.【例 7】（09 年上海中考）Be c areful!There*s some broken glass on the ground.The und erlined part means.A.Look out B.Go ahead C.Get read y D.Keep quiet3.c hanc e 机会 have a c hanc e to d o sth 有机会做某事 get a c hanc e to d o sth.得到一个机会做某事【例 8】（08 年潍坊中考）1 am sure I c an make it better,if our teac her me a sec ond c hanc e.A.give B.gave C.gives D.will give4.W hat d o you mean by sth./d oing sth.?=W hat,s the meaning of sth./d oing sth.?【例 9】W hat d o you mean by the word?（同意句转换）-W hats the word?5.shout at sb.朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb.朝某 人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。【例 10 You mustnt shout the old people.It*s not polite.A.to B.with C.of D.at【考点链接】shout at/shout to（l）The c hild ren the d river,but he d id not hear them.10(2)If you d ont stop me,Ill c ome and hit you.【分析比较】at和to与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb.表 示“大声叫某人”，多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为“孩子们对着司机喊叫 着，但是他没听见。”故填shouted too shout at sb.则表示“生气地或故意地对某 人大喊大叫。”(2)题意为“你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。”故填 shouting ato6.fight with sb.=have a fight with sb.与某人打架7.be angry with sb.意为“生某人的气”,如：He was angry with himself for having mad e suc h foolish mistakes.他 因犯如此愚蠢的错误而感到气恼。【链接】(1)be angry at对某人的言行感到气愤，如：He was angry at the stud ent.他因为这个学生的言行而生气。(2)be angry about sth.对某事感到生气，如：He was angry about so muc h traffic in the street.他对街上交通拥挤感 到气恼。【例 111(09 年衡阳中考)一Are you with your sister?Yes,she is always late for sc hool.A.satisfied B.angry C.stric t8.d o one*s best to d o sth.=try to d o sth.尽力做某事9.say sorry/hello/good bye to sb.向某人道歉/问候，/道别【例 12(10 年桂林中考)How is your father?Please say hello to for me.A.she B.him C.it D.her10.be/feel sorry for/to d o 为.而抱歉(难过)11.keep的用法(l)keep sb.d oing sth.使某人一直做某事 e.g.I am sorry to keep you waiting so long.(2)“keep sb./sth.+宾补+ad j.”使某人/某物处于某种状态 e.g.The other stud ents must keep their eyes c losed.(3)“keep sb./sth.+宾补+ad v.”使某人/某物处于某种状态 e.g.Youd better keep the c hild ren away from the fire.(4)keep d oing sth.继续不断做某事 e.g.The little baby kept c rying all the time.keep on d oing sth.反复不断地做某事，着重指动作的反复进行。e.g.Dont give up hope.Keep on trying.(5)“keep+表语”，表示保持/继续(处于某种状态)e.g.keep fit/healthy赡养 e.g.My father keeps a big family.(7)保存，保留 e.g.How long c an I keep the book?【例 13 W e should always our c lassroom.A.mix；up B.keep；c lean C.make；fit D.keep；healthy12.turn d own调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上 注意 代词都要放在中间。【例 14】(10 年重庆中考)Please the TV