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汽车专业毕业设计翻译save-our-air-with-hybird-electric-shool-buses.doc
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1、Saving our Air with Hybrid Electric School BusesA proposal by:Advanced Energy, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, Duke Power, Progress EnergyProposal No. 13-32720NC Department of AdministrationOffice of Fiscal Management (Purchasing)1306 Mail Service CenterRaleigh, NC 27699-1306Pro
2、gram Contact:Ewan Pritchard, EngineerAdvanced Energy909 Capability Drive, Suite 2100Raleigh, NC 27606919/857-9000www.advancedenergy.orgTechnical ProposalSaving our Air with Hybrid Electric School BusesA proposal by:Advanced Energy, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, Duke Power, Pro
3、gress EnergyOverviewThe State Energy Office is well aware of the problems posed by the air quality issues facing the state. This proposal seeks to begin solving some of those problems through a partnership among the State Energy Office, Advanced Energy, and others who share these concerns. The benef
4、its of this project include: Studying reduction of emissions by using hybrid electric buses, thus promoting subsequent benefits to air quality and health, Taking important steps towards solving non-attainment issues, thus ensuring that economic development in North Carolina is not jeopardized, and P
5、otentially reducing the states dependence on foreign energy sources.Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates and other pollutants pose significant health risks to North Carolinas residents and their children, especially those with asthma or other lung conditions. Studies have shown that the am
6、ount of particulates inhaled by children on school buses creates a major threat to their lung development and pulmonary health. Beyond the health risk, excessive pollutants also pose a serious risk to our economy. As many as 25 counties of North Carolina are soon to be declared in non-attainment due
7、 to ozone exceedances. This means that many counties will have reduced abilities to bring in new industries and developments. Federal road funds will be frozen, reducing funds to the state potentially in the hundreds of millions of dollars each year. The health and economics risks are compelling. We
8、 must move quickly to address them.With more than 50% of ozone-producing emissions coming from the transportation sector, the proposal team listed above offers a proposal that has the potential to reduce NC nitrogen oxide (the major precursor of ozone) emissions by as many as 4,000 tons per year. Th
9、is will not solve all of North Carolinas air quality issues but could be one of several components with significant air quality benefits. The proposal team offers to the North Carolina State Energy Office the opportunity to participate in the development of hybrid electric school buses. Each year 13
10、,000 school buses roll through North Carolina roads, logging millions of miles and producing thousands of tons of emissions that affect the atmosphere and the health of the children who ride them. We propose to put in place a process that capitalizes on North Carolina strengths to design and build h
11、ybrid electric school buses.The project will run in two phases, with a stop point between the two to assess results before continuing. Advanced Energy has already formed a Hybrid Bus Advisory Group that has been engaged in work for the past six months. The Advisory Group includes members from the No
12、rth Carolina Departments of Public Instruction, of Environment and Natural Resources, and of Transportation, along with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina State University, and the Institute for Transportation Research and Education. This advisory group will help develop a targ
13、eted education campaign for pertinent stakeholdersdirected to school bus manufacturers, electric utilities, and the NC Department of Public Instruction. The proposed deliverable of this project is the design, conversion, and use of a hybrid electric school bus in a real world setting. This will pote
14、ntially be the first of as many as 13,000 hybrid electric buses in the state.This proposal has the potential to produce significant impacts on the air quality, petroleum usage, and economic strength of the state while providing substantial health benefits to North Carolinians and their children.Corp
15、orate Background and ExperienceAdvanced Energys experience with vehicles powered by alternative fuels dates back to April 1989, when we began testing a fullsize General Motors electric van at the Raleigh Housing Authority. The electric van was demonstrated and shown throughout the Carolinas and Virg
16、inia. The van project was followed in 1991 by the purchase of a Pontiac Fiero converted to electric operation for demonstration as a shortrange highway-speed commuter vehicle. This EV is still often used by Advanced Energy as a demonstration vehicle.Advanced Energy has participated with the EV Chall
17、enge program for more than a decade. EV Challenge is an educational program directed to high school students that culminates with a competition of electric vehicles designed and operated by the students. For many years, Advanced Energy was the lead organization. Since the formation of EV Challenge a
18、s its own stand-alone organization, Advanced Energy has moved into a support role. This continues through today, the most recent competition having taken place in April 2003.Advanced Energy has also been involved for more than 5 years with the Clean Cities program, which explores methods to reduce t
19、he impacts of transportation technologies.Other related projects in the past few years include numerous demonstration projects and feasibility studies of a wide range of innovative technology in industrial settings. These feasibility studies include data gathering in real world settings to estimate
20、operating and maintenance costs and capital investment needs. We work with a wide range of industries and interface with personnel from CEOs to machine operators to maintenance mechanics. Advanced Energy technology assessments have been widely used for many years to guide large capital investment pr
21、ojects. Located in Raleigh, North Carolina, Advanced Energy is the national resource that focuses on industrial process technologies, motors and drives testing, and applied building science, with state-of-the-art testing and applied research laboratories. We are a non-profit corporation that creates
22、 economic and environmental benefits through innovative approaches to energy.Advanced Energy was originally known as Alternative Energy Corporation, or AEC. We were founded by the North Carolina Utilities Commission in 1980a time when electric rates had been rising due to increased power plant const
23、ruction. The Utilities Commission saw AEC as a way to help the utilities avoid building new power plants by exploring alternative ways of producing electricity and by getting more work out of the electricity already available. With the cooperation of the states major electric utilities, the Utilitie
24、s Commission set up funding to come from the electric ratepayers of the statean investment equivalent to about 39 cents per person per year. The money is collected by member utilities and then passed along to Advanced Energy. The members are Dominion North Carolina, Duke Power, Progress Energy, and
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