基于单片机的无线温湿度采集系统的的设计.doc
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1、目录设计总说明IDesign General InformationIII1 绪论11.1 引言11.2 选题背景及意义11.3 国内外现状及发展趋势22 设计要求33 系统总体方案43.1 温湿度传感器的选择43.2 无线发射模块的元器件选择53.2.1 nRF905主要包括三种接口53.2.2 nRF905的工作模式63.3 单片机的选择73.4 显示模块的选择104 硬件电路设计124.1 温湿度采集模块的设计124.2 无线发射接收模块设计134.2.1 温湿度数据的控制发送134.2.2 温湿度数据的接收144.2.3 模拟SPI口的实现144.3 LCD1602液晶显示模块设计15
2、4.3.1 LCD1602的指令说明及时序164.4 电源模块的设计184.5 复位电路195 单片机对温度与湿度的控制206 软件设计216.1 采集模块软件设计216.2 发送接收模块软件设计226.3 显示模块软件设计267 调试27结论28参考文献30附录A 系统总体原理图32附录B 采集检测控制程序32附录C 元器件清单47致谢49华北科技学院毕业设计(论文)基于单片机无线温湿度采集系统设计 设计总说明温度湿度在工农业生产中占有很重要的地位,是工农业生产的重要组成数据。温湿度过高会造成粮食发霉长芽,还会引起大棚蔬菜一系列的病害。因此对其适时准确的测量就显得尤为重要。而一般的测量过程较
3、为复杂繁琐,误差还大。比如现在所使用的水银,酒精温度计进行温度检测和用传统的物理模拟量的方法进行的湿度检测,这些温湿度检测计的刻度间隔通常都很密,不容易准确分辨,读数困难,而且他们的热容量还比较大,达到热平衡所需的时间较长,因此很难读准,并且使用非常不方便。随着科技的飞速发展和普及,高性能设备也越来越多,各行各业对温湿度的要求也越来越高。传统的温湿度监测模式是以人为基础,依靠人工轮流值班,人工巡回查看等方式来测量和记录环境状况信息。在这种模式下,不仅效率低下,还浪费大量人才资源及财力资源,而且缺乏科学性,许多重大事故都是因为人为因素造成的,人工维护缺乏完整的管理系统。而无线监控系统就可以解决这
4、样人才资源浪费,管理不及时的问题,这是由于它的智能化设计所决定的。它的工作步骤如下:感应环境温湿度;单片机判断感应到的温湿度是否异常;若感应到的温湿度异常,实行措施进行调节;判断异常是否超过预设时间,若超过预设时间,则输出异常信号报警;判断异常是否处理完毕,若处理完毕,解除报警。这样就可以利用控制器对机房温湿度进行监控,从而实现环境温湿度管理的实时性和有效性。故本次设计对于类似项目还具有普遍意义。 智能温度传感器(亦称数字温度传感器)在20世纪90年代中期问世。它是微电子技术、计算机技术和自动测试技术的结晶。目前,国际上已开发出多种智能温度传感器系列产品。智能温度传感器内部包含温度传感器、A/
5、D传感器、信号处理器、存储器(或寄存器)和接口电路。有的产品还带多路选择器、中央控制器(CPU)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和只读存储器(ROM)。智能温度传感器能输出温度数据及相关的温度控制量,适配各种微控制器(MCU),并且可通过软件来实现测试功能,温度计也越来越智能化。跟电子温度计一样湿度计随着湿度传感器的发展趋于成熟。现在常用的温度传感器AD590,DS18B20湿度传感器HMxx系列,HS1xx系列,SHT系列随着温湿度计的发展温室监控系统也越来越成熟,更好的为人们服务。对于国内外对温湿度检测的研究,从复杂模拟量检测到现在的数字智能化检测越发的成熟,现在的对于温湿度研究,检测系统向着智
6、能化、小型化、低功耗的方向发展。在发展过程中,以单片机为核心的温湿度控制系统发展为体积小、操作简单、量程宽、性能稳定、测量精度高,等诸多优点在生产生活的各个方面实现着至关重要的作用。本设计以AT89S52为主要芯片,利用数字式温湿度传感器SHT10采集温湿度,把收集到的数据传给单片机AT89S52,再用无线发射模块nRF905将经过处理的数据发射出去。单片机通过模拟SPI口跟nRF905之间传送数据。同时,nRF905具有接收功能,接收模块的nRF905将接收到的数据传给AT89S52,最后用数字显示屏LCD1602将经过单片机处理后的数据显示出来。整个系统的软件编程就是通过C语言程序对单片机
7、AT89S52实现控制功能。单片机体积小,价格低,且稳定性较强,操作灵活简单,误差较小,具有很高的应用价值。本系统结构紧凑,简单可靠,操作灵活,功能强大,性能价格比高,较好的满足了现代生产和科研的需要。关键词:AT89S52;SHT10;nRF905;采集与控制MCU Wireless Temperature and Humidity Acquisition System BasedDesign General InformationTemperature and humidity plays an important role in the industrial and agricultur
8、al production, agricultural production is an important component of the data. Too high temperature and humidity can cause mildew sprouting grain, can also cause a range of diseases of greenhouse vegetables. Therefore, its timely and accurate measurement is particularly important. The measurement pro
9、cess is generally more complex and cumbersome, error is larger. Such as mercury now used to detect alcohol thermometer for temperature and humidity detection using traditional methods of physical analog, which detects the temperature and humidity meter scale intervals are usually secret, is not easy
10、 to accurately distinguish, reading difficulties, and their Heat capacity is still relatively large, reaching thermal equilibrium time required for longer, making it difficult to read standard and is very inconvenient to use. With the rapid development and popularization of science and technology, m
11、ore and more high-performance equipment, temperature and humidity all walks of life are increasingly high requirements. The traditional model is based on temperature and humidity monitoring human basis, relying on artificial shifts, artificial tour to see other ways to measure and record the environ
12、mental status information. In this mode, only inefficient, but also waste a lot of human resources and financial resources, and the lack of science, because many major accidents are caused by human factors, the lack of a complete manual maintenance management system. The wireless monitoring system c
13、an solve such a waste of human resources, management is not timely issue, which is due to its intelligent design decisions. It works as follows: temperature and humidity sensor; microcontroller to determine the temperature and humidity sensor is abnormal; If abnormal temperature and humidity sensors
14、 to implement measures to regulate; determine whether an exception than a preset time, if it exceeds the preset time, the output abnormal signal alarm; determine whether an exception is processed, if the deal is completed, disarm the alarm. So you can use the controller to monitor temperature and hu
15、midity of the room, in order to achieve real-time performance and effectiveness of the environmental temperature and humidity management. Therefore, this design also has widespread implications for similar projects.Smart temperature sensors (also known as digital temperature sensor) in the mid-1990s
16、 come out. It is a micro-electronics technology, computer technology and automated testing techniques crystallization. At present, the international community has developed a variety of intelligent temperature sensor products. Internal smart temperature sensors include a temperature sensor, A / D tr
17、ansducer, a signal processor, a memory (or register) and an interface circuit. Some products also with multiplexer, the central controller (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Intelligent temperature sensor can output temperature data and associated temperature control volum
18、e, fit a variety of microcontroller (MCU), and can be implemented by software testing capabilities, the thermometer has become increasingly intelligent. With the same thermometer hygrometer With the development of electronic humidity sensor mature. Now commonly used temperature sensor AD590, DS18B20
19、 and humidity sensor HMxx series HS1xx series, SHT series along with the development of greenhouse hygrometer monitoring system is also more mature, better for the people. For the studies on temperature and humidity testing, testing from the complexity of the analog to digital intelligent detection
20、is now more mature, and now for the temperature and humidity studies toward intelligent detection systems, miniaturization, low-power direction. In the development process, a microcontroller as the core temperature and humidity control system development, small size, simple operation, wide range, st
21、able performance, high accuracy, and many other advantages in all aspects of production and life to achieve a critical role.The design AT89S52 as the main chip, the use of digital temperature and humidity sensor SHT10 collecting temperature and humidity, the data collected passed microcontroller AT8
22、9S52, then nRF905 wireless transmitter module will transmit the processed data out. Microcontroller via SPI port with analog transmission of data between the nRF905. Data Meanwhile, nRF905 with reception, nRF905 receiver module will receive the pass AT89S52, and finally with digital display LCD1602
23、will go through the data processing after the microcontroller is displayed. Software programming of the system is through the C language program microcontroller AT89S52 control functions. SCM small size, low price and strong stability, flexible and simple operation, the error is small, with a high v
24、alue. The system is compact structure, simple, reliable, flexible, powerful, high cost performance, better meet the needs of modern production and research.Keywords: AT89S52; SHT10; nRF905; acquisition and control.III1 绪论1.1 引言温度湿度在工农业生产中占有很重要的地位,是工农业生产的重要组成数据。温湿度过高会造成粮食发霉长芽,还会引起大棚蔬菜一系列的病害。因此对其适时准确的
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