比较级、祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句.doc
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(完整版)比较级、祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,—ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est; (1)单音节词 如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest (2)双音节词 如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加—r,最高级在原级后加-st; 如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest 3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加—er,最高级加-est; 如: big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加—er,最高级加-est; 如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest 5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most; 如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily 注意:形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。 例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world。 6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 如:good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法: 1。 原级的用法:用于两者之间对比,意思为“……和……相同”相当于the same as… 肯定句:A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B Tom is as honest as Jack。 Jack runs as fast as Peter。 否定句:A+动词。+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B This tree is not as/so tall as that one. 2. 比较级的用法: 1)A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B Susan is happier than Jane。 Lily run faster than Mary 注:形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,far, a lot, a bit来修饰. 2)数字(倍数)+形容词/副词比较级+than I’m two years older than you。 Our classroom is twice bigger than yours. 3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……” The earth is getting warmer and warmer。 4)the +比较级,the +比较级,表示“越……, 就越……” The more, the better. 越多越好.(多多益善) 3. 最高级用法: 用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。 1)one of the +最高级 Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 2)比较级句型表达最高级意义 A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数) 如:The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China。 A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数) 如:The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China。 以上两句意思相当于:The Changjiang River is the longest river in China。 一. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级: 1。 nice ______________________ 2. fat ____________________3. slow _________________ 4. dry ____________________5. happy ____________________ 6. wet ___________________ 7. much ____________________ 8。 ill _____________________9。 little __________________ 10。 bad ___________________11。 thin ______________________ 12. far __________________ 13。 early _____________________ 14。 careful_________________15。 exciting ______________ 二、根据句意,用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空: 1、The Changjiang River is the_____(long)river in China. 2、Sue is a little_____(beautiful) than her sister 3、My room is not as_____(big)as my brother's 4、—-How difficult is physics?--I'm not sure ——Is it____(difficult)than maths?--I don't think so 5、—-Annie plays the piano very______(well)。Sue plays it _____(well)than Annie。 And Sally plays it the_____(well). 6、Saturday is my______(busy)day in a week. 7、Her mother is getting _________(fat)and _______(fat). 8、I think it's too expensive. I’d like a_______(cheap)one. 9、He comes to school much _______(early) than I. 10、This book is not as_______(interesting)as that one。 11、Your classroom is _______(wide)and________(bright)than ours. 12、Practise as ______(much) as you can. 13、The ______(much),the_______(good). 14、Nowadays English is _________(important)than any other subject,i think。 15、Most of the students think a lion is much_________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the__________(dangerous)animal in the world. 16、An orange is a little ______(big)than an apple,but much______(small) than a watermelon. 三、用所给词的正确形式填空: 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever). 2。 Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3。 My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I。 4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child. 5。 The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones。 6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five。 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings ____ (well), she sings ____(well) than John, but Mary sings_____(well) in her class. 9。 She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house. 四、翻译句子: 1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。________ is _________than Jim? ________ are 2、谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan.________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________?________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的. _________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ 。 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim。 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦. ________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8。Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day。 9。我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快. ____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动,你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12。我的科学很好,但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don't _________ well in Chinese。 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低. ____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14。我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢. I like_______。All my______ _______ _______than me。 15。我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____ _____ up _____than me. 16。女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的.____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____。 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE。 But I don’t ______ _____than_____。 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。 ___ you ____football _____than your classmates? No,they____as____as me. 19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小.My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20。她的毛衣和我的一样重。_____sweater_____ as_______as_____。 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress____ too____。 I want to _____a______one。 22. I’m taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) I’m _________ as ________ as Mike . 反意疑问句 1. 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所儒术的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。如: You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? 你去过北京,不是吗? 2. 反意疑问句的两种基本句型 基本句型 例句 肯定陈述句 + 否定简略问句 Lucy is from England, isn’t she? 否定陈述句 + 肯定简略问句 Ann doesn’t like apples, does she? 注意:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致. 1. 反意疑问句用法说明 (1) 简单句式结构中反意疑问句的运用 ① 当陈述句部分的主语是名词时,反意疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替.如: Your brother has gone to the library, hasn’t he? ② 当陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that时,反意疑问句的主语用it代替;指示代词是these, those时,反意疑问句的主语用they代替。如: That isn’t a useful book, is it? These are important reading materials, aren’t they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料,不是吗? ④ 当陈述部分是everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语多用they (但有时也可用he);当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,反意疑问句部分的主语用it。如: Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外时,没人来过,是吗? Everything has gone wrong, hasn’t it? 今天什么都出问题了,是不是? ⑤ 当陈述部分是“there be + 主语 + 其他”结构时,反意疑问句部分要用“be (not) + there”结构。如: There are some bananas in the basket, aren’t there? ⑥ 当陈述部分有hardly (几乎不), seldom (很少), few (少,几乎无,修饰可数名词), little (很少,几乎无,修饰不可数名词), no, never (从不), nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式.如: He hardly remembers his old friend’s name, does he? ⑦ 如果陈述句部分有单词带否定前缀或后缀时,反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。如: It’s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn’t it? 他不可能犯这样的错误,不是吗? (2) 复合句结构中反意疑问句的运用 ① 一般情况下,陈述句部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主 句中的主语和谓语保持一致.如: This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't it? 这是他第二次去日本,不是吗? ② 在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等) + 宾 语从句",反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。如: I don't think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他,是吗? 注:当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称,或主语是第一人称,而动词时态不是一般现时或一般过去时,这时,反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。如: Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn’t she? ③ 当陈述句部分为主语从句时,反意疑问句的主语用it.如: That she didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn’t it? 他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气,不是吗? (3) 祈使句结构中反意疑问句的运用 祈使句反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分,有四 种形式. ① 祈使句的肯定形式,疑问部分用will you或won't you皆可。如: Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you? 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭,好吗? ② 祈使的否定形式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。如: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? ③ Let开关的祈使句,构成反意疑问句时,let’s用shall we构成反意疑问句,其他均用will you.如: Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后,我们去散步,好吗? (表建议) Let the boy go first, will you? 让那男孩先走,好吗? Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗? (表请求) ④ 当陈述部分含有used to (过去常常)时,附加问句部分的谓语可用use(d)n’t或didn’t。 一、选择。 1. The bus is always late,_________? A. is not it B。 isn't it C。 isn’t the bus D. doesn’t it 2。 The boy can read and write,_________? A。 can’t he B。 doesn't he C。 do him D。 can he 3。 Let’s have a rest, _________ ? A. will you B。 won’t you C. shall we D。 shall you 4。 There is a little water in the bottle,__________? A. is there B。 isn't there C。 is it D. isn’t it 5。 Nobody would agree with this plan,___________? A。 did they B。 would they C。 didn’t they D。 wouldn’t they 6. Let us know your new address,__________? A. shall we B. will you C. won't you D. will we 7。 I don’t suppose he will come,_________? A. do I B. will he C. won't he D。 don’t I 8. Don't smoke here, ______?A. do you B。 will they C. won’t you D。 will you 9. There is nothing wrong with your computer,__________? A. isn't there B. is it C。 is there D。 isn't it 10. You can hardly see anything in the dark room, _________? A。 can’t you B。 can you C. don’t you D. do you 11.Something is wrong with my computer, ___________? 12. Everything goes well, ___________? 13. I think he’s wrong, ___________? 14。 I don’t believe he will come, _________? 15。 Don’t forget to put the book back on the shelf, _________? 二、填空。 1。 It’s Wednesday today, __________ it? 2。 They go to school by bus, __________ ? 3. He got the first prize, ______________? 4. The bus wasn’t late yesterday, ___________? 5. May doesn't come to the party, _____________? 6. You didn’t spend your summer holiday in Beijing last year, ___________? 7。 Stop talking, __________? 8. Don't be late again, ________? 9。 Let’s go to school by bus, _________? 10。 Let us wait until 5:00,_________? 感叹句 英语感叹句一般由what/how引导, 具体句型如下: 1、 What 1) What + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数+ 主 + 谓 + ··· ! What a fine day it is today ! What an honest man his father is ! 2) What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主 + 谓 + ··· ! What tall trees they are ! What good students the boys are ! 3) What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主 + 谓 + ··· ! What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is ! 2、how + adj。/adv.+主语+谓语! e。g: How careless she is!(She is very careless。) How fast he runs!(He runs very fast.) How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is ! 3、 How + 形容词 + a / an + 名词 + 主 + 谓 + ··· ! How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is ! 注意:3.what +a/an + adj。 + 单数名词=how + adj。 + a/an + 单数名词 e.g: What a wonderful surprise it is!=How wonderful a surprise it is! What an intelligent boy he is!=How intelligent a boy he is! Exercises: 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。 1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2).________cute dog it is! 3)。________ interesting the story is! 4)。________ bad the weather in England is! 5)。________ honest boy Tom is ! 6)。________ tasty smell the cake gave off! 7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8).________ exciting news you’ve brought us! 9).________cool your new car is! 10)。________ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。 1. _______ fast the boy ran! A。 How B。 How an C。 What D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C。 How, what D. What, how 3。 ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more。 A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said。 A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said。 A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 6。 _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them。 A. How B。 How an C. What D。 What an 7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her! A. How B. How an C。 What D。 What an 8。 _______ lovely weather we are having these days! A。 How B。 How an C。 What D。 What an 9. _______ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How an C。 What D。 What an 10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B。 How an C. What D. What an 11. _______ fine the weather is ! A。 What a B。 What C。 How D. How a 5. _______ exciting film we saw yesterday ! 8. What a B. How a C. How an D. What an 13. _______ great fun they had ! A. What a B。 What C。 How D. How a 14. _____ heavy rain it was ! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 15. ___________ fun place to go Shanghai is ! 二) What a B. What C. How D. How a 16. ______ happy life the old live ! A. What a B。 What C。 How D。 How a 17. ____________ nice fish they cooked ! A。 What a B. What C. How D。 How a 18. _________ blue the sky is! A. What a B。 What C。 How D。 How a 19. ______ dangerous the animals are ! A. What a B. What C。 How D。 How a 20. ____ good time we are having ! A。 What a B。 What C. How D。 How a 三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句: 1。 The boy swam very fast.(同义句) _______ _______ the boy swam! 2. The school trip is very exciting. (同义句) _____ ______ the school trip is! 3。 Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter。 (同义句) _______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter! 4。 It is a very useful dictionary。 (同义句) _______ _______ _______ dictionary it is! _______ _______ _______ dictionary is! 5。 The students are listening very carefully. _______ ________ the students are listening! 四、将下面句子改为感叹句: 1.He is a very good boy。 2.He came to school very early this morning. 3.It's exciting news。 4。We have very wonderful story-books。 5。Tom will buy a new bicycle。 同义句转换: 1. What a small egg she has!= _____ _____ _____ _____ she has! 2。How beautiful a car!=_____ _____ _____ _____! 祈使句 一.祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等.因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you.祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调.在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如: Keep off the grass!勿踩草地! Put the boxes in the sm展开阅读全文
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