新概念二册形容词最高级和比较级.doc

NCE2-8: Comparative and Superlative of adjective/Adverb
一: 形容词/副词的位置及其区别：
A:形容词的位置：
在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
口诀：(有be用形有形用be)
B:副词的位置：
一般放在be动词，形容词或实义动词的后面，位置比较灵活，修饰形容词，副词，动词
二：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级范围：
◆比较级只能用在两者之间进行比较，表示“比较..”
◆最高级是三者或者三者以上的比较，表示“最…”最高级前面一定要加the.
三: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化：
分为规则变化和不规则变化;
★ A: 规则变化：(比较级结尾以er结尾，最高级结尾以est结尾)
变化规律
形容词
副词
1:大多数形容词的比较级一般在词尾直接加er，最高级在词尾加est
short—shorter—shortest
tall—taller—tallest
fast—faster—fastest

2:以字母e 结尾的形容词比较级加r，最高级在词尾加st
nice—nicer—nicest
late—later—latest
large—larger—largest
late—later--latest

3：以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i比较级加--er , 最高级加—est
early—earlier—earliest
heavy— heavier—heaviest;
busy—busier—busiest
early—earlier--earliest

4：以重读闭音节以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾:应双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级再加er,最高级加est
big—bigger—biggest;
fat—fatter—fattest;
hot—hotter—hottest;
thin—thinner—thinnest;

5: 多音节形容词或部分双音节形容词变比较级在前面加more,最高级在前加most

beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
important—more important—most beautiful
slowly—more slowly—most slowly
carfully—more carefully—most varfully

◆B: 不规则的变化;
形容词原级
副词原形
比较级
最高级
good
well
better
best
many/much
much
more
most
little
little
less
least
ill/bad/
badly
worse
worst
far
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old

older/elder
oldest/eldest
注：older 一般指年龄大小 / elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语
My father is older than my mother.
My elder brother is a driver.
farther指距离更远/further指抽像的.
I want to study English further.
further reading
四：句型运用：
A: 比较级基本句型：
1：原级比较（同级比较）：
◆结构: 肯定形式：as/ so＋形容词、副词的原级＋as...，
否定形式：not as/so＋形容词、副词的原级＋as...
◆第一个as前可用just，almost，nearly和half等表示程度。
He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。
I am as good as he is.
◆当as… as中间有名词时,采用以下格式
as+adj.+ a/an+可数名词单数 +as

as much+不可数名词+as，
as many+可数名词复数＋as ------和……一样多的某物
举例：He is as good an example as his brother.
Bob read as ____ books as Mary.
There is as ______ water in this bottle as in that bottle.
2、结构：A+谓语+ adj./adv.的比较级＋than B
A在某方面超过B
举例：Tom is taller than John
You look better than he
◆比较级前可用much(…的多) far, a lot, a little, even(更…)、still（更…）、a bit(…一点儿) 等表示程度,不能使用very，quite.
举例：This city is much more beautiful than that one
Today is even hotter than yesterday.
She sings much better than the others.
Now I read a little faster than before.
B：比较级特殊句型：
1、 Which/Who is/含有实义动词的疑问句 + 比较级, A or B ?
举例：Which is easier, maths or English?
Who will do better, Patrick or Sarh?
2、… is/动词+the +比较级 + of the two.两者中较…的一个。
举例：Tom is the taller of the two boys.
Patrick does better of the two boys.
3、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越…”
举例：Now it is hotter and hotter.
China will get better and better.
4、“The + 比较级+主语+谓语，the + 比较级+主语+谓语” “越…，就越…”
The more , the better. 越多越好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖
The more exercise you do, the healthier you will become
C: 形容词、副词最高级的用法
1、◆the+最高级+ of/in/among(在..之间) (三者及以上范围的)
◆A…+adv.最高级 ＋in(范围) /of(同类) /among(在..之间)
举例：My mother is the busiest in my family
You came (the) latest yesterday.
2、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ?
举例：Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?
3：one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……之一”
举例：He is one of the tallest boy in the class.
4：the +序数词+ 形容词最高级+名词 第……最……
举例：It is the second highest building in the world.
注意：最高级前面一定要加the

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