句子成分分析精讲.doc
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1、(完整版)句子成分分析精讲 句子成分分析1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing。 (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing。 (动名词) To see is to believe。(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It
2、形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here。 The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year。 To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult。2。 谓语(predicate):放在主语的后面.Be动词/系动词/情态动词/助动词/行为动词Be动词:is/am/are
3、/was/were系动词: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉),become, turn, get , grow情态动词: can/could/may/might/should/shall/must/+do 没有人称和数的变化助动词:do/does/did3. 宾语: 动宾,介宾A. 动宾 I like China。 (名词) He hates you。 (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy w
4、orking with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again。 (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)B. 介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks。C。 双宾语的动词 “七给”一“带to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了.1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to。即“vt。 + sth。 +
5、 to + sb。” 2、“buy(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt。 + sth. + for + sb。如:Mother bought a new dress for me.3、 explain,introduce,deliver,等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?4、 易错的动词rob sb of sth / ste
6、al sth from sbcure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 accuse sb of/ charge sb with sth 指责某人某事warn sb of警告某人某情况 rid sb of sth 从-中除去(不好的东西)cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform ab of sth通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物4。 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,(系表) 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a
7、teacher. (名词) Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in。 (副词) The picture is on the wall。 (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost。 (形容词化的分词)The question is whether they will come。 (表语从句)5.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。(前置定语和后置定语) Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend。 We belon
8、g to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. The man over there is my old friend。 The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister。 The boys playing football are in Class 2。 The trees planted last year are growing well now。 I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything
9、 that I do。 挑出下列句中的定语 What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3。 I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor。 The man downstairs was trying to sleep。6。 状语:用来修饰v., adj。, adv。, 句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 I will go there tomorrow。 The meeting will be held in the meet
10、ing room。 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam。 I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike。 Though he is young, he can do it well. 挑出下列句中的状语 There
11、 was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast。7. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.动词+宾语+宾补 能带宾语补足语的一定是及物动词,分为几类:1) 感官动词:see, notice, watch, feel, hear, smell等+do/doing(宾补) I hear them sing a son
12、g. I hear them singing a song. I hear a song sung。2) 使役动词:make, let, have, get等let sb sth无被动make sb do make sb/sth donehave sb do have sb doing have sb doneget sb to do sth get sb/sth done3) 含命名意义的动词: name, call, appoint, make, consider Call me Joe, please。 They have selected/made me chairman.4)keep
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- 句子成分 分析
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