句子成分分析精讲.doc

(完整版)句子成分分析精讲
句子成分分析
1. 主语(subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （名词）
He likes dancing。 （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词）
Seeing is believing。 （动名词）
To see is to believe。（不定式)
What he needs is a book.（主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here。
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year。
④ To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult。

2。 谓语（predicate）：放在主语的后面.Be动词/系动词/情态动词/助动词/行为动词
Be动词：is/am/are/was/were
系动词： be, sound(听起来), look（看起来）, feel(摸起来),smell（闻起来）， taste（尝、吃起来）， remain(保持，仍是)， feel（感觉），become, turn， get , grow…
情态动词： can/could/may/might/should/shall/must/…+do 没有人称和数的变化
助动词:do/does/did

3. 宾语： 动宾，介宾
A. 动宾 I like China。 (名词)
He hates you。 （代词)
How many do you need？ We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again。 （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句）
B. 介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow， there are many rocks。
C。 双宾语的动词
“七给”一“带"to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了.
1、“七给”(give, pass， lend, write， show， send, hand)和“带”（bring)8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to"。即“vt。 + sth。 + to + sb。”
2、“buy"(买）；“draw”（画);“make”（制作）三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt。 + sth. + for + sb。"。
如：Mother bought a new dress for me.
3、 explain，introduce，deliver,等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
Could you explain your point of view to us？=Could you explain to us your point of view？
4、 易错的动词
rob sb of sth // steal sth from sb
cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 accuse sb of// charge sb with sth 指责某人某事
warn sb of警告某人某情况 rid sb of sth 从——--中除去（不好的东西）
cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform ab of sth通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事
supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物

4。 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，(系表） 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.  （名词）     
Five and five is ten. (数词）   
He is asleep.  （形容词）
His father is in。 (副词)       
The picture is on the wall。   (介词短语）
My watch is gone / missing / lost。  （形容词化的分词）
The question is whether they will come。 （表语从句）

5.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。(前置定语和后置定语）
• Yanling is a chemistry teacher.
• He is our friend。
• We belong to the third world.
• He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
• The man over there is my old friend。
• The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister。
• The boys playing football are in Class 2。
• The trees planted last year are growing well now。
• I have an idea to do it well.
• You should do everything that I do。
挑出下列句中的定语
• ① What is your given name？
• ② On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3。
• ③ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor。
• ④ The man downstairs was trying to sleep。
6。 状语：用来修饰v., adj。, adv。, 句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
• I will go there tomorrow。      
• The meeting will be held in the meeting room。
• The meat went bad because of the hot weather.     
• He studies hard to learn English well.
• He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam。    
• I like some of you very much.
• If you study hard， you will pass the exam.          
• He goes to school by bike。
• Though he is young， he can do it well.
挑出下列句中的状语
• ① There was a big smile on her face.
• ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
• ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
• ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast。
7. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.
动词+宾语+宾补 能带宾语补足语的一定是及物动词,分为几类：
1） 感官动词:see, notice， watch， feel， hear， smell等+do/doing（宾补）
I hear them sing a song.
I hear them singing a song.
I hear a song sung。
2） 使役动词：make, let， have, get等
let sb sth无被动
make sb do make sb/sth done
have sb do have sb doing have sb done
get sb to do sth get sb/sth done
3） 含命名意义的动词: name, call, appoint, make， consider
Call me Joe, please。
They have selected/made me chairman.
4）keep/find/宾补比较灵活
5）下面动词 跟的宾补往往是to do. advise/allow/permit/ask/beg/tell/want/persuade/wish/warn

总结： to do做宾补表示要去做的动作
ing做宾补表示正在进行的或是延续的动作
ed做宾补表示被动的动作
We elected him monitor.    
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
We will make them happy.
We found nobody in。
Please make yourself at home.
Don’t let him do that.
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
Don't keep the lights burning。
I’ll have my bike repaired。
挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading—room。
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now？
8. 同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。
Mr Lin， our headmaster , is giving us a speech.
Beijing , capital of China ， is developing fast。
The engineer himself repaired it 。
We all got angry.
We two will go to see you 。
The news that he will come is true。
练习：
Give me a cup of tea,please.
The boy there needs a pen。/
His father named him Dongming。
We found everything in the lab in good order.
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother。
The boy really needs a pen。
Show this house to Mr。Smith.
The war made him a soldier.
There are five boys left
I often find him at work
I saw a cat running across the road。
He sits there, asking for a pen。
The boy in blue is Tom
They painted their boat white。
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.
We all are students。
We saw her entering the room.
The boy reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./
1. The students got on the school bus。
2。 He handed me the newspaper。
3. I shall answer your question after class。
4。 What a beautiful Chinese painting！
5。 They went hunting together early in the morning。
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8。 There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10。 His wish is to become a scientist.
11。 He managed to finish the work in time.
12。 Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English。
14。 Do you have anything else to say？
15。 To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good。
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17。 He sat there， reading a newspaper。
18。 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy。
19. He noticed a man enter the room。
20. The apples tasted sweet.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party， even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy。 We cook meat on an open fire outside。 It's great！ Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion。 Some of my friends drink beer. I don’t, because I have to drive home after the party。 In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States。 There are five different time areas in the States。 In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time。 How many different time areas do you have in China？ Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents。

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语(＝）、补语（~）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party， even at harvest time。 These parties often make us very happy。 We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great！ Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer。 I don’t， because I have to drive home after the party。 In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States。 There are five different time areas in the States。 In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep。 Please give my best regards to your parents.

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