How-to-write-an-argumentative-essay.ppt

How to Write an Argumentative Essay1.CONTENTSTypes of WritingGeneral Strategies for WritingBefore WritingWhile WritingAfter Writing2.Types of Writing1.Description（描写文）（描写文）2.Narration（记叙文）叙文）3.Exposition（说明文）明文）4.Argumentation（议论文）文）3.General Strategies for WritingRead the directions carefully to be sure that you understand the topic exactly.Organize your response clearly.You should think of having an introduction,body paragraphs that develop the introduction,and a conclusion to end your essay.Use examples,reasons,facts,or similar details to support your general statement.Stick to vocabulary and sentence structures that you know.4.Before WritingStep 1:Decode the TopicStep 2:Develop Supporting Ideas5.Before WritingDecode the topic The first and most important step when writing an essay is to decode the topic to determine what the intended outline is.Writing topics generally give very clear clues about how your answer should be constructed.It is important to follow the clear clues that are given in the topic when you are planning your answer.6.Before WritingEssay topic:Some people prefer large weddings with lots of people,while others prefer small weddings with only very close friends and family.Discuss the advantages of each type of wedding.Then indicate which you prefer and why.7.Before WritingParagraph 1:Introductory Paragraph(mentioning the advantages of large and small weddings)Paragraph 2:First Supporting Paragraph(listing and discussing the advantages of large weddings)Paragraph 3:Second Supporting Paragraph(listing and discussing the advantages of small weddings)Paragraph 4:Conclusion Paragraph(whether you prefer large or small weddings and why)8.Before WritingDevelop supporting ideas After you have decoded a writing topic to determine the overall organization of your response,you need to plan how to develop your ideas.You need to provide as much support as possible for the ideas in your essay,using reasons and examples and making your answer as personal as possible.To have an effective essay,you need strong support.9.Before WritingEssay topic Why is it important to you to learn English?Support your response with reasons and examples.Introduction:my reasons for learning English10.Before WritingSupporting Paragraph 1:for educational opportunities1.(examples)going to university abroad,going to graduate school abroad2.(reason)necessary to learn English in order to study abroad3.(personal story)the opportunity that I have to get a graduate degree abroad with a scholarship from my company11.Before WritingSupporting Paragraph 2:for professional opportunities1.(examples)getting an entry-level job in a multinational company,advancing to a higher position in the company2.(reason)necessary to learn English in order to succeed in a multinational company3.(personal story)the low,entry-level job in a multinational company that I got after I was interviewed in English12.Before WritingConclusion:the educational and professional opportunities that result from learning English13.While WritingWrite the introductory paragraphWrite unified supporting paragraphsWrite the concluding paragraph14.Write the Introductory ParagraphThe purpose of the introduction is first to interest the reader in your topic and then to explain clearly to the reader what you are going to discuss.When finished with your introduction,the reader should be eager to continue on with your essay,and the reader should have an exact idea of your topic and how you are going to organize the discussion of your topic.You do not need to give the outcome of your discussion in the introduction;you can save that for the conclusion.15.Write the Introductory ParagraphTwo points about writing introductory paragraphs1.Begin the introduction with background information about how the topic relates to you in order to get the reader interested in your essay.2.End the introduction with a statement or statements that show the reader how the rest of the essay will be organized.16.Write the Introductory ParagraphEssay topicDo you agree or disagree with the following statement?To succeed,you should focus more on cooperation than on competition.Support your response with specific examples.17.Write the Introductory Paragraph As a student in the university,I find that,while on many occasions it is beneficial to cooperate with other students,it is most important for me always to compete with other students for the top grades in the courses I take.The following two situations from my university studies indicate the importance of competition to a student in my position.18.Write the Introductory ParagraphThe first part of this introduction informs the reader that the writer is a university student who regularly competes for top grades;it also shows that the writer believes that competition is more important than cooperation.From the last sentence of the introduction,it can be determined that the writer will continue the essay by discussing two situations from the university that demonstrate the importance of competition.19.Write Unified Supporting Paragraphs A good way to write a clear and effective supporting paragraph is to begin with a sentence to introduce the main idea of the passage,support the main idea with strong details,and connect the ideas together in a unified paragraph.20.Write Unified Supporting ParagraphsDevices to connect ideas in a unified paragraph:(1)repeating a key word;(2)rephrasing the key word;(3)referring to the key word with a pronoun or possessive;(4)adding transition expressions or sentences.21.Sample 1If you want to be a good employee,one characteristic that you must have is a clear understanding of the job you have.First of all,you must know what your responsibilities are in the position you hold.For example,you must know exactly what tasks you must do in your job.You must also know exactly how these tasks should be done and when they should be done.After this,you must understand the organizational rules to follow,such as when to take breaks or what to do when you are sick,and it is important for you to understand these clearly.In addition to understanding your duties and the rules you must observe in your job,you must also have a clear understanding of which decisions you can and cannot make.Some types of decisions may be yours to make,while other kinds of decisions may be up to your supervisor.In summary,for you to be a good employee,it is important for you to understand all of these aspects of your job.22.Write Unified Supporting ParagraphsSample 2 Of all Jeffersons many talents,one is central.He was above all a good and tireless writer.His complete works,now being published for the first time,will fill more than fifty volumes.His talent as an author was soon discovered,and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776,the task of writing it was his.Millions have thrilled to his words:We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal23.Write the Concluding ParagraphThe purpose of the conclusion is to close your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion.When finished with your conclusion,the reader should clearly understand your exact ideas on the topic and the reasons you feel the way that you do about the topic.The ideas in your conclusion should be closely related to the ideas that you began in the introduction.While in the introduction you should indicate what you intend to discuss in the essay,in the conclusion you should indicate the outcome or result of the discussion.24.Write the Concluding ParagraphEssay topicDo you agree or disagree with the following statement?To succeed,you should focus more on cooperation than on competition.Support your response with specific examples.25.Write the Concluding ParagraphIf I had not competed so strongly in these two situations,my life would be very different from what it is today.I would never have been admitted to the top university in my country,and I would certainly never have earned a scholarship for my studies there.It is because I believe strongly in competition that I was able to succeed in this way.26.After WritingEdit Sentence StructureEdit Written Expression27.Edit Sentence StructureDirections:Find and correct the sentence structure errors in the following essay.The essay discusses the following topic.Some people prefer to take vacations in quiet,natural places,while others prefer to spend their vacation time in big cities.Discuss the advantage of each type of vacation.Then indicate which you prefer and why.28.Edit Sentence Structure1.What you need to do before going on a vacation it is to decide where you will go on your vacation.You may decide to go to a quiet place with a quiet and natural setting,instead you may decide to go to a big city with a fast-paced life.Each of these types of vacation something to offer.(3 errors)29.Edit Sentence Structure2.The reasons that it can be a good idea to go to a quiet and natural location for a vacation they are numerous.First of all,a vacation in a natural setting allowing you to relax and slow down the pace of your life for a while.Instead of hurrying from place to place as you are used to doing.You can spend your time doing nothing more than enjoying the beauty of the location.Then,after are thoroughly relaxed,what you can do it is to take part in outdoor activities such as hiking or swimming.All of this will leave you completely relaxed and free of stress by the end of your vacation.(5 errors)30.Edit Sentence Structure3.It can be nice to go to a quiet and natural spot for a vacation,however it can also be quite an adventure to go to a big and fast-paced city for a vacation.The main reason that it can be a good idea to take a vacation in a big city it is to take part in so many activities that are unavailable in your hometown.On a big city vacation,numerous cultural events that might not be available in your hometown,such as theatrical performances,concerts,and art and museum exhibits,they are available.On a big city vacation,will also have access to some of the worlds finest restaurants and shopping.After your big city vacation has ended.You will have a whole range of new experiences that are not part of your daily life.(5 errors)31.Edit Sentence Structure4.For me,the type of vacation that I decide to take it depends on my life prior to the vacation.I work as a legal assistant in a law office,this job is often repetitious and dull but is sometimes quite frantic just prior to a major case.After a slow and boring period of work.All I want is to head to a fast-paced vacation in a big city.However,if my job been frantic and busy prior to my vacation,then want to head to a quiet and beautiful place where I can relax(enjoy complete relaxation).Thus,I enjoy different types of vacation,the type of vacation depends on the pace of my life before the vacation.(6 errors)32.Edit Written ExpressionDirections:Find and correct the errors in the following essay.The essay discusses the following topic.Some people prefer to work for a company,while others prefer to work for themselves.Discuss the advantages of each position.Then indicate which you prefer and why.33.Edit Written Expression1.Something very important for students to decide as they near the end of their studies are whether should they work for another company or go into business for themselves.As a university student,this decision about my future are one that I face soon myself.To me,each of these positions have clear advantages,in particular depending on the stage of your career.(4 errors)34.Edit Written Expression2.There is numerous advantages to working for another company,particularly early in your career.One of the advantages are that working in someone elses company provide a situation with the security of a regular paycheck and less responsibility than you would have you were to be the owner of the company.Also,not until you start your own business you need to come up with the finances to back the company.Thus,all of this indicate that it is better to work for other people early in your career while you are gaining the knowledge and experience you need to start your own company.(6 errors)35.Edit Written Expression3.Then,later in your career,it may be advantageous for you to go into business for yourself.The main reason for going into business for yourself are that in your own company you are able to decide on what direction do you want your company to go.However,only when you have gained enough knowledge and experience are it a good idea to go into business for yourself.This is when will you be ready to deal with the responsibility,pressure,and financial needs of owning a company.(4 errors)36.Edit Written Expression4.Nothing are more important to me than having my own company one day.However,what seems very clear to me now is that beginning my career working in someone elses company are best.In this situation,not only I can work with more security and less pressure,but I can also build up my financial resources and learn from others.Then,I should manage to gain enough experience,knowledge,and confidence and build up my financial resources,I hope eventually to open my own company,where can I determine exactly how would I like the company to operate.(6 errors)37.Edit Written ExpressionDirections:Find and correct the errors in the following essay.The essay discusses the following topic.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The primary reason to get an education is to succeed financially.Support your response with reasons and examples.38.Edit Written Expression1.I am a university student,and I am studying in the university for a number of reasons.Of course,one of my reasons for going to school,studying hard,and obtain a university degree is to succeed financially;the more money I make,it will be better for me.However,financial success is not my most importantest reason for going to the university.Instead,I am going to the university for a much broad reason than that:I believe that a university education will give me a much rich and better life,not just in a financial way.(5 errors)39.Edit Written Expression2.One way that a university education makes your life enjoyabler is to give you the opportunity to have a career that you really desire and appreciative.Having a career that you like is much better than a job that just pays the bills.I,for example,am studying to be a marine biologist.I will have the better career for me;I will be rewarded not only in terms of money and also in terms of enjoyment of my career.(5 errors)40.Edit Written Expression3.Another way that a university education can enrich your life is to provide a broadest knowledge,understand,and appreciation of the world around you than you already have.It provides you with an understanding of both the history of your own culture and to influence history on the present.It also provides you with an understanding of other cultures and shows you that other cultures