e18.Male-Reproductive-System男性生殖系统.ppt

组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组 Chapter 18Male Reproductive System1.Components:-testis:produce the male germ cells-gametes(sperm)produce androgen-testosterone-gernital ducts:store and conduct the sperm epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct-accessory gland:their secretion join into semen seminal vesicle prostate bulbourethral gland penis2.Testis1)Generalstructure:Capsule:a.tunicavaginalis:viscerallayer-serosab.tunicaalbuginea:thick,DCT/mediastinumtestis:albugineabecamethickeratposterioraspect/septum:thin septa extend radiately frommediastinum testis to divided the parenchymaintolobuleLobulea.seminiferoustubule:/highlycoiled/30-70cmlong,150-250mminD/begin as free blind end run to posteriorbecomeintostraighttubule(tubulesrectus)entermediastinumtestisretetestisefferentductconnectwithepididymalductb.testicular interstitial tissue:LCT betweenseminiferoustubule2)Seminiferous tubule:30-70cm long,150-250uminD-specificstratifiedepithelium:spermatogenicepi.(seminiferousepi)spermatogeniccellsSertoliorsupportingcellmyoidcell:underbasallaminaSpermatogeniccell:-5-8layers-4typesofcellsa.spermatogonium-outerest layer,onelayer-structure:/round,ellipsoidcell/12um/roundN,deepstained-classification:typeA:-darktypeA(Ad):ovoid,deep-stainedN,stemcell-Pale type A(Ap):ovoid,pale-stained N,differentiateintotypeBtype B:round N,chromatin granules aredistributedundernucleusmembrane,divisionanddifferentiateintoprimaryspermatocyteb.primaryspermatocytes-diploid(2n)cellduplicateDNAtetraploidcell(4n)division-structure:round cell,become largest,18 um,left thebasallayerN:large,round,ondifferentstageofdivision(theprophaseofmeioticdivisionupto22days)-throughfirstmeiosisdividesintotwosecondaryspermatocyte(2n,23Xor23Y)c.secondaryspermatocyte:-nearerthelumen-structure:roundcell,12umN:rounddeep-stainedhardtosee-shortlived(dividequickly)-through secondary meiosis dividesintotwospermatid(1n,23Xor23Y)d.spermatid-structure:smallestcell,8umlocatedatinnerestlayer-through spermiogenesis:spermatidbecomeintospermatozoae.spermatozoa:-structureofspermatozoa:60umlengthhead:-pear-shaped-flattened-nucleus-acrosometail:flagallum(centriole)-neck-middlesegment:mitochondriasheath-principalsegment-endsegment-theprocessesofspermiogenesisi.condensationandelongationofNii.formationoftheacrosome-covertheanteriorandlateralportionofN-containhydrolyticenzymesforfertilizationiii.formationofflagellum:formotilityiv.formationofmitochondriasheathv.discharge of useless organelle andcytoplasmSertolicell-structure:LM:/columnarorpyramidalcell/restonbasallamina/extendingintolumen/noclearboundary/elongated N:triangular,ovoid,paler-stained,withprominentnucleolusEM:/SER(more),RER(some),Golgi/mito,lysosome/MT,MF,/glycogen,lipiddroplet/tightjunction:basalcompartmentandabluminalcompartment-function:a.support,protect,nourish,regulate andreleasegerminalcellb.secretandrogen-bindingprotein;bindtoandrogen,maintain the level of androgenconcentrationoflumenc.phagocytose degenerated cell andspermiogenicresidualbodiesd.constitutetheblood-testisbarriera.blood-testisbarrier/components:endotheliumbasallaminaofendotheliumCTbasallaminaofseminiferoustubuletightjunctionofsertolicell/function:protect the seminiferous cells from auto-immunereactionresistant to most harmful factors(radiation,bodytemperature,infection)3)interstitialtissue:-LCT-Leydigcell:structure:LM:-ingroups-large,polygonal-shapedcell,withroundN-acidophiliccytoplasmEM:steroid-hormonesecretingcellfeaturefunction:secretetestosterone-androgen4)tubulerectusandretetestis-tubule rectus:simple cuboidal or lowcolumnarepi.-retetestis:simplecuboidalepi.Chapter 16 Eye and Ear 1.Eye1)The wall of eyeballFibroustunic:DCT-cornea:-sclera:DCT-corneallimbus(corneosclerallimbus)Cornea:/anterior 1/6 of fibrous tunic,transparent,bulgesslightlyanteriorly/connectwithsclera/fivelayers:cornealepithelium:i.stratified,squamous non-keratinisingepitheliumii.5-6layersofregulararrangedcellsiii.basalcellshaveremarkableregeneratingabilityiv.richinnerveterminalanteriorlimitinglamina:i.a clear uniform membrane,10-16umthickii.contain collagenous fibrils andmatrixiii.cannotregeneratecornealstroma:cornealpropriai.constitute90%posed of layers of collagenousfibrilsiii.keratocyte:similartofibroblastiv.matrix,noBVposteriorlimitinglamina:i.a clear homogenousmembrane,5-10umthickii.consists of collagenous fibril andmatrixcornealendothelium:i.simplesquamousepi.ii.EM:mito,pinocytotic vescles,GolgiandRERiii.Activefunctionoftransporting,synthesizingandsecretingprotein*transparencyofthecornea:duetoabsenceofBVnon-pigmentedepi,regularorganizationofcollagenfibrilsmaintenance of hydration of groundsubstanceVasculartunic(uvea):LCTwithBVandmelanocytes-iris-ciliarybody-choroidretina:-pigmentepithelium:outerestlayersimplelowcolumnarepi:-culomnarcell:thin,longprocessesatapicalsurface-roundorovoidN-EM:SER,Golgi,rough round or ovoidpigmentgranules-function:i.protectvisualcellii.involve in replace of membranousdisciii.storevitaminAandinvolveinthesynthesisofrhodopsin-visualcell:photoreceptorcell/cellbody:/innerprocess:formsynapsewithbipolarcellandhorizontalcell/outerprocess:-outersegment:containmembranousdisc-innersegment:containmito,RER,GolgiandMT/rodcell:-110,000,000-120,000,000-deep-stainedN-outerprocess:cylindrical-outersegment:membranousdisc-invaginationof cell membrane but separated with cellmembrane(exfoliatedandingestedbypigmentcell)-rhodopsin(visualpurpke)=11-cisretinal(retinene)+opsin-inner process:spherule(end in a terminalexpansion)-feeldimlight/conecell:-6,500,000-7,000,000-largeN,paler-stained-outerprocess:conical-outersegment:membranousdisc,notseparated,noexfoliationofdisks-iodopsin(photopsin)=11-cisretinal+opsin(different)-innerprocess:pedicle-feelblightlight(red-558nm,green-531nm,blue-419nm)-bipolarcell:/largeN/containRER,mitoandGolgi/dendrite:synapse with photoreceptor andhorizontalneuron/axon:formsynapsewithdendriteofganglioncell/classification:-rodbipolarcell-midgetbipolarcell-flatbipolarcell-ganglioncell:/multipolarneuron:/dendrite:synapsewithbipolar,amacrinecellandinterplexiformcell/axon:makeupopticnerve/classification:midget ganglion cellanddiffuseganglioncell-interneurons:/locatedinlayerofbipolarcell/horizontal cell,amacrine cell,interplexiformcell-radialneurogliacell:Mullercell/neuroglialcell/thinandlongcell,withovoid,deep-stainedN/processes:end at outer limiting membraneandinnerlimitingmembrane/function:supporting,protecting,nourishingandinsulatingfunctionUnderLM:retinacanbedividedintotenlayersi.layerofpigmentepithelium:pigmentepithelialcellii.layerofrodsandconesiii.outerlimitingmembrane:outerprocessesofMullercelliv.outernuclearlayer:Nofvisualcellsv.outerplexiformlayer:innerprocessofvisualcell,dendritesofbipolarcellandprocessesofhorizontalcellvi.inner nuclear layer:cell body of bipolarcell,horizontal cell,amacrine cell andinterplexiformcellandMullercellvii.inner plexiform layer:axon of bipolarcell,dendritesofganglioncell,processesofamacrinecellandinterplexiformcellviii.layer of ganglion cells:cell body ofganglioncellix.layerofopticfibers:axonsofganglioncellx.inner limition membrane:formed byconnectioneachotherofinnerprocessesofMullercells*maculalutea:/definition:asmallareaofretinaatposteriorpolarofretina,containsayellowpigmentandisnon-vascularised,socalledyellowspot/3mminD/centralfovea:shallowdepression,1.5mminD/thinnestretina:0.1mm/containonlyconecell,norodcell/onevisualcellconnectswithonebipolarcell,andonebipolarcellformssynapsewithoneganglioncell/havemostclearvision*papillaofopticnerve:opticdisc/1.5mminD/3mmmedialtomaculalutea/placewheretheopticnerveleaveout/nophotoreceptors:socalledblindspot2.Ear-theexternalear-themiddleear-theinnerear1)innerear:labyrinth-osseouslabyrinth:asystemofcanalsandcavitiesincompactbonethevestibulesemicircularcanalcochlea-membranous labyrinth:usually linedbysimplesquamousepi.except:membrane semicircular canal:cristaampullariessacculeandutricle:maculautriculiandmaculasacculicochlearduct:spiralorgan-triangularincross-section-threewalls:i.roof:vestibularmembraneii.outerwall:stratifiedcolumnarepi.withBVdistributed-striavascularis(secreteendolymph)andspiralligamentiii.floor:osseous spiral lamina andmembranousspirallaminabasilarmembranea.cristaampullaris:-supportingcell:/columnar,withbasalovoidnucleus,restonbasallamina/microvilli,granules:lipid-liked andglycosaminoglycangranules-haircell:/amongatsupportingcell/pear-shaped:shortneckandglobularbase/hasabout50-110stereociliaandonekinocilium(embeddedincupula)/terminal of peripheral process of neuron ofvestibularnervegangliondistributedatbasalportionofhaircell-cupula:gelatinousmassofmucopolysaccharidesubstance-function:receptors for kinetic balance,feelangular acceleration or deceleration of theheadb.maculautriculiandmaculasacculi:maculaacustica-supportingcell-haircell:30-60stereociliaandonekinocilium-otolithicmembrane:gelatinousmucopolysaccharide substance containingsmallcrystallinebodiesofcalciumcarbonate-function:receptors of static balance,feellinearaccelerationordecelerationandchangeinpositionoftheheadc.spiralorgan:Cortiorgan-supportingcell:pillarcell:-two rows:inner and outer pollar cell:tall,columnarinshape,-innertunnelphalahgealcell:-inner phalangeal cell:one row,issituatednexttoinnerpillarcell-outerphalangealcell:3-5rows,lateraltotheouterpillarcells-tall columnar cells rest on basilarmembrane-phalangeal process:enclosed the lowpartofhaircell-haircell:-inner hair cell:a row of pear-shaped cell,supportedbyinnerphalangealcell-outer hair cell:3-5 rows,supported by outerphalangealcell-“V”or“W”shaped-arranged stereocilia onfreesurface-peripheral processes of neuron of spiralgangliondistributeatbasalportionofhaircell-tectorialmembrane-auditory string:2000,located in basilarmembrane,collagen-likedthinfilament-function:receptorofsound