英语四级完形填空技巧省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Cloze4 periods第1页纲领要求：v依据纲领，完形填空是在一篇题材熟悉难度适中短文（约）中留出个空格，要求学生在全方面了解内容基础上选择一个最正确答案，使短文意思和结构恢复完整考试时间分钟，占总分值文章体裁说明议论为主第2页能力要求：v篇章了解力（文章即使抽掉个词，但内容还是能够了解假如考生不能了解文章内容，就难将正确词填入文中所以，完形首先考查阅读了解能力）v句法结构（完形包括语义和语法关系语义关系指前句与后句或上段与下段之间意义内容上连贯与一致语法关系主要指句与句之间并列或主从关系定语，主语，宾语，表语，同位语和状语从句等v词汇知识（实词与虚词）v句型搭配（动词名词形容词惯用句型，搭配等）第3页命题趋势：v依据对近年四级考试完形填空真题分析，呈以下趋势：考查内容以词汇为主，其中词汇辨义占主要部分实词考查又是重中之重，动词名词形容词副词词义辨析是历年完形填空必考项目，占到全部题数以上不但如此，动词出题频率显著高于其它词类，所以必须熟悉其词义及使用方法固定搭配等逻辑关系也是完形必考内容。考查语义衔接和语法衔接前者需要辨析选项中各个单词含义，选出符合文章内容选项后者则包括语态时态非谓语形式主谓一致从句引导词等从年以来，完形填空体裁几乎都是说明文或是议论性说明文这类文章文字简练，通常开头点题，说明对象是什么结构清楚，普通按时间次序空间次序逻辑次序（前因后果，先果后因，先主后次）以及认识次序（由此及比，由浅入深，由详细到抽象，由现象到本质）进行说明或者描写文章题材包括社会生活文化教育科普知识商业经济等内容较为宽泛，但专业性不强，不会出现难以了解观点或者复杂说明过程第4页完形填空五大考点：v词义辨析（近义词形近词辨析）Sample:Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72 ,equipment,and transportation to practices and games 73 their communications do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.70 A)little B)less C)more D)much71 A)shrink B)tighten C)limit D)lack72 A)bill B)accounts C)fees D)fare73 A)so B)as C)and D)but74 A)maintain B)sustain C)contain D)entertain(副词辨义，动词辨义，名词辨义，连词辨义，形近词辨析）第5页v固定搭配（动名，名形，动副搭配等，其中动词与其它词搭配考查频率最高）Sample:Families of 76 many as 10 people have had to shelter 77 a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 78 with neighbors.“They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,”officials say.“They are 79 of free fresh fruit.76 A like B as C so D too77 A by B below C under D with78 A facilities B instruments C implements D appliances79 A seeking B dreaming C longing D searching第6页v逻辑衔接（所填空格句子与上下文组成指代列举因果比较对比让步补充递进等逻辑关系其中，并列因果递进转折关系是常考考点）Sample:But human language permits communication about anything,71 things like unicorns that have never existed.A only B almost C even D just第7页常见逻辑关系：v并列 and,as well as,both and,not onlybut also,neithernor v转折 but,however,whereas,while,yet,instead,nevertheless,notwithstanding,on the other hand,notbut,rather than,still v选择 or,nor,or else,otherwise,eitherorv递进 besides,also,even,moreover,likewise,furthermore,whats more,in additionv解释 that is to say,in other wordsv时间 when,whenever,as,since,till,until,before,after,once,every time,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,then,meanwhile,subsequently,afterward,later,the moment/day/minute/secondv比较 asas,not soas,the same as,than,in contrast,on the contraryv条件 if,unless,providing/provided that,as/so long as,on condition that,suppose/supposing that,in case,only if,if onlyv因果 because,since,as,now that,seeing that,considering that,for,thus,so,therefore,hence,consequently,accordingly,as a result,so that,for fear that,lest,in order that,sothat,suchthatv让步 though,although,even if/though,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,no matter,whetheror第8页4 结构识别Not only but alsoThe more the morevsomethe others/still others第9页v5 语法规则（不是重点，仍是考点）句法搭配：动副；动名从句：定语，状语等（连接词选择）非谓语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词主谓一致：人称数，时态，语态等句型句式：简单，并列，复合，省略，倒装，虚拟语气等Sample:So 72 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 73 a study about in-flight medical events,I read it 74 interest.72 A before B since C when D while73 A collected B conducted C discovered D published74 A by B of C with D in第10页快速解题技巧：v一利用排除法排除显著干扰项假如不能很有把握选出答案，能够利用排除法，先将各项带入空白处，排除显著不符句意选项，从而缩小选择范围详细来讲，能够利用以下技巧：判断所填词在句中充当什么成份，应是什么词性，从而排除干扰选项利用上下文时态语态和语气排除不符合要求干扰选项利用名词数来判断各项是否符合句子要求寻找与空白处组成搭配词语，从而排除不能与其搭配词语将各项带入空白处将句子译成汉语，排除显著不能使句子通顺选项第11页Sample:Moods should be from emotions which are usually more intense,70 to specific circumstances,and often conscious.A related B referred C attached D association第12页v寻找固定搭配或习惯使用方法利用词汇间搭配关系经常能够无需了解上下文而直接确定答案，即使确定不了答案也往往能够排除一些显著不符合搭配关系选项缩小选择范围，提升准确率Sample:This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain,in much the 78 way as some machines used for A familiar B similar C identical D same第13页v理清句子语法结构理清句子结构对解答完形填空尤其主要，这不但仅限于直接考查语法结构题目，在解答那些不是针对语法结构而设置题目时，考生也必须仔细分析每个句子语法结构，从而了解句子含义和上下文之间逻辑关系，最终填入正确词第14页v寻找复现和同现关系“同现”指意义上相关词汇出现在同一语篇中组成以某一话题为中心词汇链Sample:I have no doubt that all these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun;(they)may even have written it(on)a test.A advised B suggested C learned D taught“复现”包含原词重复同近义词复现反义词复现等Sample 1:If you are buying a hairdryer,you might(think)that you are making the 66 buy if choose one(whose)look you like and which is also the cheapest(in)price.A proper B best C reasonable D mostSample 2:when our friends are happy and“up”,that tends to influence us positively,when they are“down”,that can have a 75 impact on us.A relative B decisive C negative D sensitive第15页v熟悉惯用逻辑关系词语详细见前面Sample:The concept was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island 84 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test.A once B after C since D while（按照正常逻辑关系，想法应该是出现在朋友埋怨之后，故答案为为强干扰项，但它引导时间状语从句时，主句普通用完成时）第16页v利用文章和段落主题句为了使考生易于了解文章内容，出题者在设计完形填空试题时，总是保留一个完整或是大半个完整表示主旨句子，而这么句子往往位于文章开头所以，考生应充分利用文章开头了解文章主旨另外，段落首句也是该段主题句，所以考生要充分利用段首句提供信息，把握文章结构和行文思绪第17页答题步骤：v一通读全文，粗选答案认真把握全文首句理清文章总体结构，掌握全文大意顺手牵羊处理轻易题目，降低空格第18页v二逐句细读，前后推敲先易后难，初定答案解题时，充分利用自己词汇语法结构和语篇知识，逐题确定答案按照先句法后语法语义逻辑关系及固定搭配次序从各个角度考虑不会题目跳过前后参考，寻找线索对于较难题目要重复阅读空格前后句子，联络上下文，寻找语境线索和提醒第19页v三回读全文，补缺检验通读目标不是重做一遍题目，而是再次经过前面两遍阅读所营造出语感来核实所选答案，检验文章前后是否连贯，语义是否流畅，内容是否矛盾，结构是否严谨，方便填补缺漏第20页