建筑工程结构英语常用词汇.doc

总体设计
General design
设计根据
Design basis
建筑红线
Building line
建筑系数
Coefficient of building occupation
界区
Battery limited
有效面积
Effective area
使用面积
Usable area
构造面积
Structural area
建筑面积
Building area
建筑面积密度
Density of building area
竖向布置
Vertical planning
高程
Altitude
等高线
Contour line
相对标高
Relative elevation
绝对标高
Absolute altitude
地震基本烈度
Basic earthquake intensity
抗震设防烈度
Fortification intensity
风玫瑰
Wind rose
建筑朝向
Building orientation
建筑间距
Building distance
公顷
Hectare
指北针
North arrow
测北
Geophical north
建北
Plant north
气象
Meteorology

日照
Sunshine
天然采光
Natural lighting
人工照明
Artificant light；artificial illumination
照度
Degree of illumination
通风
Ventilation
正压通风
Positive ventilating
噪声
Noise
隔声
Sound insulation
吸声
Sound absorption
保温隔热
Heat insulation
露点
Dewpoint
冷桥
Cold-bridge
遮阳
Sunshade
恒温恒湿
Constant temperature & constant humidity
消声
Noise elimination；noise reduction

防振
antivibration
4.2 建筑普通词汇
Conventional terms of architecture
方案
Scheme；draft
草图
Sketch
透视图
Perspective drawing
建筑构图
Architectural composition
坐标
Coordinate
纵坐标
Ordinate
横坐标
Abscissa
跨度
Span
开关
Bay
进深
Depth
层高
Floor height
净高
Clear height；headroom
横数
Module；modulus
裙房
Skirt building
楼梯
Stair
梯段
Stair slab
楼梯平台
Stair landing
安全出口
Safety exit
疏散楼梯
Escape staircase
楼梯间
Stair well
封闭楼梯间
Enclosure staircase
防烟楼梯间
Smoke prevention stair well
消防电梯间
Emergency elevators well
自动扶梯
Escalator
中庭
Atrium
疏散走道
Escape corridor；escape way
耐火级别
Fire-resistive grade
生产类别
Classification of production
耐火极限
Duration of fire-resistance
防火间距
File-break distance
泄压面积
Area of pressure release
闷顶
Mezanine；mezzanine
砖标号
Grade of brick；strength of brick
承重墙
Bearing wall
非承重墙
Non-bearing wall
挡土墙
Retaining wall
填充墙
Filler wall
围护墙
Curtain wall；cladding wall；enclosure wall
女儿墙
Parapet wall
隔墙
Partition
（浴室、厕所）隔断
Stall
窗间墙
Pier
墙垛
Pillar
过梁
Lintel
圈梁
Gird；girt；girth
防潮层
Damp-proof course
勒脚
Plinth
横梁
Transverse beam
纵横
Longitudinal wall
山墙
Gable；gable wall
防火墙
Fire wall
压顶
Coping
勾缝
Pointing
砖砌平拱
Brick flat arch
预埋件
Embedded inserts
直抓梯
Ladder
栏杆
Railing
防腐蚀
Corrosion resistant；Anticorrosion
化学溶蚀
Chemical erosion
膨胀腐蚀
Expansion corrosion
化学腐蚀
Chemical corrosion
电化学腐蚀
Electro-chemical corrosion
晶间腐蚀
Intergranular corrosion
气相腐蚀
Gaseous corrosion
液相腐蚀
Liquidoid corrosion
固相腐蚀
Solid corrosion
腐蚀裕度
Allowance for corrosion
锈蚀
rusting
4.3 建筑材料
Building materials
级配砂石
Graded sand & gravel
素土夯实
Rammed earth
灰土
Lime-soil
素混凝土
Plain concrete
钢筋混凝土
Reinforced concrete(R.C)
细石混凝土
Fine aggregate concrete
轻质混凝土
Lightweight concrete
加气混凝土
Aerocrete；Aerocrete concrete
陶粒混凝土
Ceramsite concrete
水泥膨胀珍珠岩
Cement & expended pearlite
岩棉
Mineral wool；mine wool
沥青
asphalt
卷材
Felt
玛蹄脂
Asphalt mastic
粘土砖
Clay brick
釉面砖
Porcelain enamel brick
空心砖
Hollow brick
砌块
Block
缸砖
guarry brick
锦砖
mosac
地面砖
paving brick
防滑地砖
non-slip brick
耐酸砖（板）
acidbrick (acidtile)
胶泥
mastic
粘土瓦
Cloy tile
玻璃瓦
enamelled tile
波形镀锌钢板
galvanized corrugate steel sheet
玻璃钢瓦
glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile
彩色压型钢（铅）板
coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat;
profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat
石棉水泥瓦
ashestos-cement sheet
水磨石
terrajjo
水刷石
granite plaster
花岗石
granite
磨光花岗石
polished granite
剁斧石
artificial stone
大理石
marble
水泥砂浆抹面
cement plaster
石灰砂浆抹面
lime plaster
水泥石灰砂浆抹面
cement-lime plaster
刀灰打底
hemp-cut and lime as base
原木
Log
方木
square timber
板材
plank
胶合板
plywood
三夹板
3plywood
五夹板
5plywood
平板玻璃
flat glass
浮法玻璃
float-process glass
磨砂玻璃
ground glass；frosted glass
起 玻璃
prism glass
夹丝玻璃
Wire glass

夹层玻璃
sandwich glass
中空玻璃
hollow glass
钢化玻璃
reinforced glass
镀膜玻璃
coating glass
有机玻璃
organic glass
4.4 建筑构造及配件
Building construction & component
铺砌
paving
地坪
grade
基层
bedding
素土夯实
rammed earth
垫层
base
结合层
bonding course
面层
Covering
隔离层
insulation course
活动地板
raising floor；movable floor；access floor

篦子板
grating
地面提示块
ground prompt
遮阳板
sunshade
窗套
Window moulding
护角
curb guard
防水层
water-proof course
找平层
Leveling course
隔热层
heat insulation course
保温层
thermal insulation course
檩条
purlin
天窗
skylight
天棚
ceiling
吊顶
suspending ceiling
吊顶龙骨
ceiling joist
雨水口
drain gulley
水斗
Lead head
雨水管
Leader；downspout
天沟
Valley
挑檐
overhanging eave
檐口
eave
泛水
flashing
分水线
watershed
檐沟
eave gutter
汇水面积
catchment area
雨罩
canopy
散水
apron
坡道
ramp
台阶
entrance steps
保温门
thermal insulation door
隔声门（窗）
sound insulation door (window);
acoustical door (window)
防火门（窗）
fire door (window)
冷藏门
freezer door
安全门
exit door
防护门（窗）
protection door (window)
屏蔽门（窗）
Shield door (window)
防风砂门
radiation resisting door (window)
密闭门（窗）
weather tight door
泄压门（窗）
pressure release door (window)
壁柜门
closet door
变压器间门
transformer room door
围墙门
gate
车库门
garage door
保险门
safe door
引风门
ventilation door
检修门
access door
平开门（窗）
side-hung door
推拉门（窗）
sliding door
弹簧门
swing door
折迭门
folding door
卷帘门
rolling door
转门
revolving door
夹板门
plywood door
拼板门
FLB door (framed，Ledged and battened door);
matchboard door
实拼门
solid door
镶板门
panel door
镶玻璃门
glazed door
玻璃门
glass door
钢木门
steel & wooden door
百页门
shutter door
连窗门
door with side window
传递窗
delivery window
观测窗
observation window
换气窗
vent sast
上悬窗
top-hung window
中悬窗
center-pivoted window
下悬窗
bottom-hung window
立转窗
vertically pivoted window
固定窗
fixed window
单层窗
single window
双层窗
double window
百页窗
shutter
带形窗
continuous window
子母扇窗
attached sash window
组合窗
composite window
落地窗
French window
玻璃幕墙
glazed curtain wall
门（窗）框
door (window) frame
拼樘料
transom （横），mullion （竖）
门（窗）扇
door (window) leaf
(平开窗扇 casement sash)
纱扇
screen sash
亮子
transom，fanlight
门心板
pancl
披水板
weather board
贴脸板
trim
筒子板
Lining
窗台板
sill plate
防护铁栅
barricade；iron grille；grating
合页
butts；hinges；butt hinges
执手
knob
撑档
catch
滑道
sliding track
插销
bolt
拉手
pull
推板
push plate
门锁
mortice lock；door lock
执手锁
mortice lock with knob
4.5 建筑构造
Building structure
4.5.1 荷载
Load
活荷载
Live load
静荷载，恒载
Dead load
静力荷载
Static load
移动荷载
Moving load
动力荷载
Dynamic load
冲击荷载
impact load
附加荷载
Superimposed load
规定荷载（又称原则荷载）
Specified Load
集中荷载
Concentrated Load
分布荷载
Distributed Load
设计荷载
Design Load
轴向荷载
Axial Load
偏心荷载
Eccentric Load
风荷载
Wind Load
风力、风压
Wind force、Wind Pressure
雪荷载
Snow Load
屋面积灰荷载
Roof ash Load
（吊车）最大轮压
Maximum Wheel Load
吊车荷载
Crane Load
安装荷载
Erection Load
施工荷载
Construction Load
不对称荷载
Unsymmetrical Loading
重复荷载
Repeated Load
刚性荷载
Rigid Load
柔性荷载
Flexible Load
临界荷载
Critical Load
容许荷载
Admissible Load，Allowable Load safe Load
极限荷载
Ultimate Load
条形荷载
Strip Load
破坏荷载
Failure Load，Load at failure
地震荷载
Seismic Load；Earthquake load
荷载组合
Combination of load
4.5.2 地基和基本
Soil and foundation
地基
(Bed)soil
天然地基
Natural ground
人工地基
Artificial ground
混凝土基本
Concrete foundation；Concrete footing
毛石基本
Rubble masonry footing;
(Rubble) stone footing
砖基本
Brickwork footing
桩基本
Pile foundation
设备基本
Equipment foundation
机器基本
Machine foundation
独立基本
Individual footing，Isolated foundation
Pad foundation
联合基本
Combined footing
大块式基本
Massive foundation
条形基本
Strip foundation；Strip footing
Strap footing；Continuous footing
方形基本
Square footing
杯形基本
Footing socket
板式基本
Slab-foundation；Mat footing
阶梯形基本
Stepped foundation；Benched foundation
(Stepped footing)
扩展基本
spread footing
扩底基本
Under-reamed foundation
浮伐基地
Raft foundation；Buoyant foundation
Floating foundation
沉箱（井）基本
Caisson foundation
构架式基本
Frame foundation
深基本
Deep foundation
基本
Footing Foundation
基槽
Foundation ditch；Foundation trench
基坑
Foundation pit
基本板
Foundation slab
基本梁
Foundation beam Footing beam
基本底面
Foundation base
基本底板
Foundation mat
基本垫层
Foundation-bed
基本埋置深度
Depth of embedment foundation
地下持续墙
Undelground continuous wall
打桩
Pile driving
打桩机
Pile engine；Pile driver；Ram mactuine
钢桩
Steel pile
水桩
Wood pile；Timber pile
钢筋混凝土桩
Reinforced concrete pile
砂桩
Sand pile
石灰桩
Lime pile；Lime column；Quicklime pile
单桩
Single pile
群桩
Pile group；Pile cluster
斜桩
Batter pile
预制桩
precast pile
灌注桩
In-situ pile；Cast-in-place pile
Cast-in-situ pile；Filling pile
板桩
sheet pile
拆密桩
Compaction pile
挤密砂桩
Sand compaction pile
灰土挤密桩
Line-soil compaction pile
钻孔桩
Bored pile
打入桩
Driuen pile
摩擦桩
Friction pile；Buoyant pile
端承桩
End bearing pile；Point bearing pile;
Column pile (柱桩）
支承桩
Bearing pile
抗拔桩
Tension pile；Uplift pile;
抗滑桩
Anti-slicle pile
桩承台
Pile cap
桩帽
Pile cap；pile couel
桩头
Pile crown；pile head
桩端
Pile tip
桩身
Pile shaft
桩距
Pile spacing
桩钢筋笼
Pile cage
试桩
Test pile
桩荷载实验
Pile load test
桩动荷载实验
Dynamic load test of pile
桩侧向荷载实验
Lateral pile load test
桩极限荷载
Ultimate pile load
桩承载能力
Pile capacity；Bearing capacity of a pile
Carrying capacity of a pile
土压力
Earth pressure
积极土压力
Active earth pressure
被动土压力
Passive earth pressure
静止土压力
Earth pressure at rest
容许地耐力
Allowable bearing strength
冰冻深度
Frozen depth；Frost depth;
Frost penetration depth of frost penetration
防冻深度
Frost-proof depth
粘土类土
Clayey soil
轻亚粘土
Sandy loam
亚粘土
Sandy clay；Loam
砂质土
Sandy soil
砂砾石
Sandy gravel stratum
膨胀土
Expansive soil
硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层
Hard pan
液限
Liquid limit
塑限
Plastic limit
塑料指数
Index of plasticity
松软土
Mellow soil；spongy soil
回填土
Backfill Refilling
杂填土
Miscellaneous fill
地表水
Surface water;
地下水
Groundwater
地下水位
Groundwater eltualion;
Groundwater level；Groundwater table
容重
Unit weight
干容重
Dry unit weight
湿容重
Wet unit weight
饱和容重
Saturated unit weight
不均匀沉降
Unequal settlement;
Differential settlement
地基解决
Ground treatment
地基加固
Ground stabilization；soil improvement
土质查勘
Soil exploration
地质勘察
Geological exploration
沉陷
Settlement
倾斜
obliquity；Inclination
滑移
Sliding
夯实土
Compacted soil
夯实填土
Compacted fill
夯实回填土
Tamped backfill
夯实分层厚度
Compacted lift
持力层
Bearing stratum；Supporting；Course
管道与基本相碰
Pipeline interferes with foundation
4.5.3 普通构造用语
Terms for general structures
建筑构造
Building structure
建筑物
Building
构造形式
Structural type
混凝土（砼）构造
Concrete structure
砌体构造
Masonry structure
砖砌构造
Brick structure
石砌构造
Stone structure
砖砼构造
Brick and concrete structure
钢构造
Steel structure
构造型钢
Shape steel
木构造
Timber structure
组合构造
Composite structure
框架构造
Frame structure
梁板构造
Beam and slab structure
构件
Member
承重构件
Load-bearing member
构造构件
Structure member
肋形屋盖
Ribbed roof
肋形楼板
Ribbed floor slab
无梁楼板
Flat plate；Flat slab
桁架；屋架
Truss；Roof truss
三角形屋（桁）架
Triangular truss
梯形屋（桁）架
Trapezoidal truss
拱形屋架
Arch roof truss
折线形屋架
Segmental roof truss
弓形桁架
Bowstring truss
框架
Frame
排架
Bent frame
刚架
Rigid frame
门架
Portal frame
抗风构架
Wind frame
抗震构架
Aseismic frame
梁
Beam；Girder
大梁
Girder
主梁
Principal beam；Primary beam
次梁
Secondary beam
加腋梁
Haunched beam
筒支梁
Simply beam
固端梁
Fixed beam
悬臂梁
Cantilever beam
持续梁
Continuous beam
托梁
Spandrel
圈梁
girth
过梁
Lintel
曲梁
Curved beam bow beam
基本梁
Foundation beam
吊车梁
Crane girder
T形梁
T-beam
柱
Column
组合柱
Combination column
立柱
Post
吊车柱
Crane column
抗风柱
End panel column
墙
wall
板
slab plate
承重墙
Bearing walls
柱网
Column grid

支撑系统
Brace system
柱间支撑
Portal bracing between columns
屋石支撑
Roof bracing
垂直支撑
Vertical bracing
水平支撑
Horizontal bracing
剪刀撑
Cross bracing
暂时顶撑,支撑
Shoring
桁架式支撑
Trussed bracing
斜撑
Kneel-brace
上弦
Top chord
下弦
Bottom chord
节间
Panel
节点
Panel point
压杆
Compression member；strut
拉杆
Tension member；Tie-beam
腹杆
Web member
斜杆
Diagonal member
斜腹杆
Diagonal web member
吊杆
Hanged rod；sag rod
系杆，拉杆
Tie bar；sag rod
天窗架
Skylight frame
天窗
Monitor；Skylight
托座、牛腿
Bracket
檀条
Purlin
连接
Connection
接点
Joint
铰接点
Hinged point
固接点
Fixed Joint
安装接点
Erection joint
拼接接点
Splice joint
节点板、连接板
Gusset plate；connecting plate
加劲板
Stiffener plate
支撑板
Bearing plate
填隙板
Filler plate
梁柱接头
Beam-column connections
截面
Cross section
拱
Arch
壳
Shell
伸缩缝
Expansion joint
沉降缝
Settlement joint
施工缝
Construction joint
防震缝
Aseismic joint
4.5.4 构造理论用语
Terms for theory of slructures
a) 设计办法术语
Terms for design method
构造设计
Structure design
按极限强度设计
Ultimate strength design
按允许应力设计
Working stress design
按承载能力设计
Loading capacity design
按稳定性设计
Design according to stability
按变形设计
Design according to deformation
构造分析
Structural analysis
构造计算
Structural calculation
静定构造
Statically determinate structures
超静定构造
Statically indeterminste structures
精准计算
Rigorous calculation
近似计算
Approximate calculation
安全级别
Safety classes
极限状态
Limit states
摩擦系数
Coefficient of friction
质量密度
Mass density

重力密度
Weight (Force) density
b) 构造作用效应术语
轴向力
Normal force
剪力
Shear force
弯矩
Bending moment
扭矩
Torque
水平推力
Horizontal thrust
水平拉力
Horizontal pull
水平（垂直）分力
Horizontal (vertical) component
合力
Resultant
正应力
Normal stress
剪应力
Shear stress
主应力
Principal stress
次应力
Secondary stress
预应力
Prestress
位移
Displacement
挠度
Deflection
变形
Deformation
弯曲
Bending；Flexure
扭转
Torsion

c) 材料性能、构造抗力术语
Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure
抗力
Resistancc
抵抗力矩
Resistante moment
强度
Strength
刚度
Stiffness；Rigidity
抗裂度
Crack resistance
抗压强度
Compressiue strength
抗拉强度
Tensile strength
抗剪强度
Shear strength
抗变强度
Flcxural strength
抗扭强度
Torsional strength
抗裂强度
Cracking strength
屈服强度
Yield strength
疲劳强度
Fatigue strength
弹性模量
Modulus of elasticity
剪切模量
Shear modulus
变形模量
Modulus of deformation
稳定性
Stabilith
泊松比
Poisson ratio

d) 几何参数术语
Terma of geometry parameter
截面高度
Height of section
截面有效高度
Effective depth of section
载面宽度
Breadth of section
截面厚度
Thickness of section
截面面积
Area of section
截面面积矩
First moment of area
截面惯性矩
Second moment of area
截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词
Section modulus
回转半径
Radius of gyration
偏心距
eccentricity
长度
Length
跨度
Span
矢高
Rvse
长细比
Slenderness ratio
4.5.5 砖石构造
Masonry construction
砖砌体
Brickwork
砌筑
Laying
砖标号
Grade of brick；Strength of brick
毛石砌体
Rubble masonry
毛石砼砌体
Grouted rubble masonry
水泥砂浆
Cement mortar
石灰砂浆
Lime mortar
水泥石灰砂浆
cement-lime mortar
砂浆找平
Mortar leveling
4.5.6 钢筋砼构造
Reinforced concrete structure
素混凝土
Plain concrete
钢筋混凝土
Reinforced concrete
预应力砼
Prestressed concrete
砼标号
Grade of concrete
钢号
Grade of steel
整体式构造
Monolithic structure
装配式构造
Assembled structure
预制构件
Precast element；Fabricated element
现浇
Cast-in-site；Placed-in-site
灌溉砼
Concreting；Costion；Pouring；Placing
一次灌溉
At one pouring
分二次灌溉
Pours in two operations
二次灌浆
Final grouting
钢筋保护层
Reinforcement protective course
模板
Formwork；shuttering
拆模
Form stripping
预埋件
Embedded inserts
预留槽（洞）
Groove (Hole) to be provided
垫层
Bed