中考英语任务型阅读解题技巧与突破途径.ppt

中考英语任务型阅读解题技巧与突破途径同学们做“阅读简答”这样的题目时，普遍觉得不难，而考试结果一出来，却发现得高分的不多，原因就在于这种题型不仅要求考生读懂文章，还要求同学们用自己的语言简练的回答有关问题；既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，也考查了大家的英语表达能力和概括能力，另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的要求，使得做简答题有一定的难度。再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，也从某种意义上加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩，对于题型的研究，好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的。问题探究问题探究2020/11/302义务教育英语课程标准义务教育英语课程标准初中生要达到的五级目标要求初中生要达到的五级目标要求2020/11/3032016年中考英语阅读能力要求2020/11/304题型介绍根据短文内容回答问题是阅读理解的一道重要题型。此题为5个问题，问题设计一般比较简单，多数考题针对文章中的事实细节，答案都能在原文中找到出处。最后一个问题通常为开放性题目，往往需要概括文章主旨要义。2020/11/305 2010中考中考 2011年中考年中考Was the area rich or poor in the 1950s?Was the area rich or poor in the 1950s?具体具体细节细节信息信息具体具体细节细节信息信息归纳文归纳文章大意章大意归纳文归纳文章大意章大意聚焦中考聚焦中考2020/11/306由由一般疑问句一般疑问句引出的判断题引出的判断题由由选择疑问句选择疑问句（A or B）来提问文章的细）来提问文章的细节节由特殊疑问词引导的由特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句来提问来提问文章的细节和概括主旨要义文章的细节和概括主旨要义提问类型和回答方式2020/11/307一般疑问句一般疑问句以以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）的句子。要用的句子。要用yes 和和no回答的句子回答的句子.例如：例如：Do they do their homework after school be动词动词：助动词助动词：情态动词情态动词：am,is,are,was,weredo,does,did,will,have,hascan,may,must,could,should,would2020/11/3081.Are there any flowers in your garden2.Could he ride a bike when he was ten3.Can they swim4.Dont you like to read English5.Does he like English6.Is Kitty wearing her new uniform7.Have you ever been to Canada8.Has your brother got a model car9.Will you go to the zoo with me10.Did he see his uncle last week流利朗读，整体感知流利朗读，整体感知练一练练一练2020/11/309选择疑问句选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况，提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求选择一种情况回答要求选择一种情况回答，这种，这种问句叫做选择疑问句，选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用问句叫做选择疑问句，选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，连接，回答时不能用回答时不能用yes或或no。1一般选择疑问句句型：一般疑问句+or+被选择的情况？-Areyouateacherorastudent？-Imastudent.2.特殊选择疑问句句型：特殊疑问句+AorB/A,BorC？-WhenwillheleaveforLondon，todayortomorrow？-Tomorrow.2020/11/301066Wasthearearichorpoorinthe1950sIt was poor.真题链接66.IsplayinginwateragoodchoiceorabadoneA good choice.2020/11/3011特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首，句末有问号的句子。特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首，句末有问号的句子。特殊疑问词包括特殊疑问词包括Who(人物人物)、Where(地点地点)、When(时时间间)、What(事件事件)、Why(原因原因)，which（哪个），（哪个），whose（谁的），（谁的），whom（who的宾格形式）的宾格形式）How(方方式式)和由基本疑问词变化的疑问词。和由基本疑问词变化的疑问词。例如：例如：由由what增加的增加的what time/what day/what kind/what color/what shape/what length由由how变化的变化的 how long/how soon/how often how old/how far/how many/how much2020/11/3012考考你()1.-Excuse me _ is the nearest bookshop -Go down the street and turn left at the second corner A.where B.what C.how D.who()2.-_ is a ticker for the film Hacker He -About forty yuan.A.How old B.How much C.How many D.How often()3._ are you going to the library with Im going with Tony.A.What B.Which C.Whom D.Where()4.-_-Its eight.A.What day is it B.Whats your telephone number C.How old are you D.Whats five and three()5.-_ shall we meet in the park -At about half past eight.A.When B.What C.Where D.,Which()6.-_ does your school have sports meetings -Twice a year.A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far()7.-_does your father go to work on foot every day -Because we live near his office.A.How B.What C.Why D.Who2020/11/3013特殊疑问句解题特殊疑问句解题技巧技巧.回答特殊疑问句较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形回答特殊疑问句较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应。式上的对应。(1)(1)问目的，就应当用问目的，就应当用 forfor短语短语，todotodo不定式短语等来不定式短语等来回答；回答；(2)(2)问原因，就应当用问原因，就应当用 becauseofbecauseof短语或短语或becausebecause从从句来回答；句来回答；(3)(3)问问方式方式，就应当用，就应当用 BydoingBydoing来回答；来回答；(4)(4)问时间、地点时，问时间、地点时，答语中不要忘记答语中不要忘记介词介词。(5)(5)提问词是提问词是whatwhat只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句多为宾语从句)来回答来回答;2020/11/301467WhydidtherestaurantworkershavenotimetolearnEnglish 真题链接Becausetheyoftenworked17hoursaday.18.HowdidyoungChicogetmoneyBytakingalittlerubber2020/11/301565.WhenwasChicomurdered 真题链接 On December 22，198865.WheredotheyjumpfromThey jump from planes.2020/11/301679.WhatarethepurposesofcelebratingtheEarthDay 真题链接Tohelpmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearthandencouragepeopletotakeaction.2020/11/3017最后一题提问类型Whats the main idea of the passageWhat are the main points about.in this passageWhat can you learn from the passageWhat does the writer want to tell us？What are the purposes of 2020/11/3018概括大意概括大意回答方式回答方式：记住这些有用的句型：记住这些有用的句型：Its(about)Its(about)what+主语主语+谓语谓语,how+主语主语+谓语谓语 why+主语主语+谓语谓语 (注意注意介宾从句，主谓语序介宾从句，主谓语序)1.要点通常包括两个或多于两个。2.抓住文章的结构，要关注语篇结构（总要关注语篇结构（总-分、分分、分-总、总、总总-分分-总），组织语言时要总），组织语言时要避免使用不熟悉的句型、避免使用不熟悉的句型、避免使用不熟悉的句型、避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。最后一题关注点2020/11/301969.What are the main points about Chinatown in this passage 真题链接真题链接归纳文章第一段大意为唐人街地址，其余段落作者是按照时间归纳文章第一段大意为唐人街地址，其余段落作者是按照时间顺序写的可总结为发展过程。顺序写的可总结为发展过程。答案：答案：It is about where Chinatown is and how it has developed.2010年中考题2020/11/30202、扫读：、扫读：浏览全文，每段主题句，理清文章基本结构。文章的中浏览全文，每段主题句，理清文章基本结构。文章的中心思想以及作者的基本观点、正确理解语境心思想以及作者的基本观点、正确理解语境3、精读：、精读：精读问题，精读问题，圈划关键词圈划关键词，理解问题，带着问题找读，理解问题，带着问题找读，按出题顺序，按出题顺序，确定答题区域。确定答题区域。4、复读：、复读：分析，提取，整合信息、准确表达。要用简练、准确的英分析，提取，整合信息、准确表达。要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。语表达出来。注意回答问题注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案组织答案时时，注意避免语言错误，如：，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、人称转化，句子结构时态、主谓一致、人称转化，句子结构和拼写和拼写等。如需引用原文，等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬最好不要整句照搬。阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项1、通读：、通读：快速浏览全文，标清段序。如是对话形式划分出层次快速浏览全文，标清段序。如是对话形式划分出层次 2020/11/3021 Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate.But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate,Milton Hershey,had many failures in business before he started his famous company Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania.Before he became interested in making chocolate,he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first,and then decided that printing was not the right job for him.重点演练重点演练164.Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate65.Where did he grow up65.In Pennsylvania.1264.Milton Hershey.2020/11/3022重点演练重点演练2One day the famous American scientist Albert Einstein met an old friend of his on a street in New York.“Mr Einstein,”said the friend,“it seems that you need to put on a new overcoat.Look,how worn-out it is!”“It doesnt matter,”answered Albert Einstein.“No one knows me here in New York.”Several years later they met in New York again.Einstein had been world-famous,but he still wore the same old overcoat.Once more his friend asked him to buy a new one.“There is no need now,”said Einstein,“Everybody here has known me.”1.Where did Albert Einstein met an old friend of his2.2.What did the friend want him to buy3.3.Did Einstein still wear the same old overcoat after several years 21435On a street in New YorkA new overcoatYes,he did2020/11/3023难点突破难点突破1Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends.Good friendship has many benefits.Below are some helpful ideas about how to make and keep friends.Associate with othersThe first step to making friends is associating with other people.Start a conversationStarting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.Do things togetherChoosing friends with common interests is important Let it growIt is a good thing to stay in touch.Enjoy your friendshipThe best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.65.Whats the passage mainly aboutIts mainly about why friendship is important and how to make and keep friends.2020/11/3024难点突破难点突破2WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttohaveanicephototakenWhetheritsworkorfun,themostimportantthingislightingThekeythingisnoshadow（阴影）Tipyourheadandlearnwhatangles(角度)workwithyourface.Everyoneisdifferent.Soyouhaveto.Forlonglegs,pointonelegintocenteroftheForjustlegshots,lieupsidedownandraiselegsKeepshouldersback.Alwayshavemouthslightlyopen,enoughtoputapennybetweenyourlipsLoweryoureyesandthenlookupjustasshutter(快门)isclickedforfulleyes.Trytocatcheveryperfectphotogenicmoment!65.What does the writer want to tell usTo tell us how to have a nice photo taken.2020/11/3025课堂检测课堂检测1OnceGoethe,thegreatGermanpoet,waswalkinginapark.Hewasthinkingaboutsomethingwhenhenoticedhecametoavery,verynarrow(狭窄）road.Justatthattime,ayoungmancametowardshimfromtheotherendoftheroad.Itwastoonarrowforbothofthemtopassthroughatthesametime.Theystoppedandlookedateachotherforawhile.Thentheyoungmansaidrudely,“Inevermakewayforafool.”ButGoethesmiledandsaid,“Ialwaysdo.”Thenheturnedbackquicklyandwalkedtowardstheendoftheroad.WherewasGoethewalkingWhocametowardsGoethefromtheotherendoftheroadDidtheyoungmanmakewayforGoethe.WhoturnedbackquicklyandwalkedtowardstheendoftheroadWhatdoyouthinkofGoetheIn a park.A young man.No,he didnt.Goethe.He is polite，kind,humorous and clever.2020/11/3026课堂检测课堂检测2Mikewasagoodandwell-trainedboy.Hisparentslovedhimverymuch.Hedideverythingwell,butMikehadonebadhabit（习惯）.Heatealotofsweetsandchocolates.Thosewerehisfavorite.Hejustcouldntgiveup.Hismotheralwaystoldhim,“Mikedoesnteatsomanysweets.Youwillgettoothaches(牙痛）.Hismotherusedtokeepallthesweetsinaglassjar(罐子).Onedaywhenhismotherwenttothemarket,Mikesawthathisfatherwasasleep.Sohewalkedcarefullyandslowlytothekitchenandgotthesweetjar.Finally,heopeneditandputhishandinnarrowmouth.Mikepickedafist(拳头)fullofsweets.Butwhenhetriedtopullhishandout,itgotstuck(卡)inthejar.Mikesfatherwasawakeandwatching.HesaidtoMike,“Youhavepickeduptoomanysweetsinyourfist.itsmorethanyourlittlehandcankeep.Yourfistcannotcomeoutofthejar.Letgoofthesweetsandpickonlyonesweetinyourtwofingersandyoucanpullyourhandouteasily.Alwaystakeasmuchasyoucancontrol（控制）.Mikepulledouthishandfromthejareasilyandhelearnedalessonforhislife,too.61.WhatwasMikeshadhabit62.Didhismotherusetokeepthesweetsinaglassjar63.Wherewasthesweetjar64.Howmanysweetsdidhisfatheraskhimtoget65.Whatlesson(教训，道理）didMikelearn2020/11/302761.Heatealotofsweetsandchocolates.62.Yes,shedid.63.Itwasinthekitchen.64.Hisfatheraskedhimtopickonlyonesweet.65.Alwaystakeasmuchasyoucancontrol.2020/11/30282、扫读：、扫读：浏览全文，每段主题句，理清文章基本结构。文章的中浏览全文，每段主题句，理清文章基本结构。文章的中心思想以及作者的基本观点、正确理解语境心思想以及作者的基本观点、正确理解语境3、精读：、精读：精读问题，精读问题，圈划关键词圈划关键词，理解问题，带着问题找读，理解问题，带着问题找读，按出题顺序，按出题顺序，确定答题区域。确定答题区域。4、复读：、复读：分析，提取，整合信息、准确表达。要用简练、准确的英分析，提取，整合信息、准确表达。要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。语表达出来。注意回答问题注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案组织答案时时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、人称转化，句子结构，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、人称转化，句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬。和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬。阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项1、通读：、通读：快速浏览全文，标清段序。如是对话形式划分出层次快速浏览全文，标清段序。如是对话形式划分出层次 2020/11/30292012阅表阅表 第第四四段段：Most important are your height and weight.Smokejumpers in the U.S.,for example,must be 54 to 91 kilograms,第第五五段段 Smokejumpers must also be able to live in the wilderness.第第六六段段They love being able to jump out of planes,fight fires,and live in the forest.2020/11/3030从我们得到这三句话后，再次提取出最关键的信从我们得到这三句话后，再次提取出最关键的信息息.height and weight.be able to live in the wilderness.love being able to jump out of planes,fight fires,and live in the forest.确定了大致信息后，再进行语言组织，将上述信确定了大致信息后，再进行语言组织，将上述信息组合成一个语法正确的句子，因此可得出答案息组合成一个语法正确的句子，因此可得出答案To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight,be able to live in the wilderness and love his or her job.2020/11/3031201264.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.65.Theyjumpfromplanes.66.Theirmaingoalistostopafinefromspreading.67.Becausetheywontgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.2020/11/303268.To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight,be able to live in the wilderness and love his or her job.2020/11/3033 (2013)Camping in your backyard is full of fun,whatever your age.Its great for keeping us relaxed.It offers chances to check the night sky and to be noisier than usual.It lets us have friends over to stay who might not fit inside the house!Follow these instructions and youll have a night youll never forget!Its mainly about why and how to camp in the backyard.2020/11/3034总结提升：总结提升：1.从近五年的中考题看，阅读与表达题所给的文章均为从近五年的中考题看，阅读与表达题所给的文章均为说明文，即有说明的对象，则文章的主旨还是比较明确说明文，即有说明的对象，则文章的主旨还是比较明确的。的。2.任何一篇说明文都是围绕某个主题展开的，有些文任何一篇说明文都是围绕某个主题展开的，有些文章的主题句较明显，在文章的首段。也有的文章主题句章的主题句较明显，在文章的首段。也有的文章主题句不明显，但文中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的不明显，但文中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也就是我们常说的主题词。抓住了中心词，即高频词，也就是我们常说的主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。它，便容易抓住文章的中心。3.概括主旨离不开对全文结构的把握，纵观全文，找准概括主旨离不开对全文结构的把握，纵观全文，找准找全要点。找全要点。4.组织好语言，运用正确的句式，准确地表达出来。组织好语言，运用正确的句式，准确地表达出来。2020/11/3035Passage11.HowmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorgiveFour/4.2.WhatshouldyoudoiftherearedisagreementsbetweenyourparentsandyouWeshouldtrytounderstandwhatevertheyaretryingtotellus.3.WhyshouldyoucommunicatewithparentsinapolitewayBecausewehavetoshowourparentsthatwearenolongerakid,notjustakid.2020/11/30364.HowtoearnparentstrustPayattentiontothewaysyoudothingsinsteadoffightingwiththem.5.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutHowtoimproverelationshipbetweenourparentsandus.2020/11/3037Passage21.DothousandsofpeopletryskydivingeachyearYes（,theydo）.2.HowmanychoicesarethereforthebeginnersThree/3/Therearethreechoices.3.WhyistandemthemostpopularBecauseitistheeasiest.2020/11/30384.HowdothecoachesgiveinstructionsintheairWithhandsignalsoraradio.5.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutWhatskydivingisandhowbeginnersskydive.Theintroductionofskydivingandthemethodsforbeginners.2020/11/3039Passage31.WhatdoesminimalismsuggestItsuggeststhatyouonlykeepthemostnecessaryandimportantthingsandgetridofeverythingelse.2.HowdidthewritergetridofsomeofherCDsandbooksShesoldthemonline.3.HowdidthewriterfeelaftergettinglotsofthingsoutofherroomShefeltexcited.2020/11/30404.WhyisithardtobeaminimalistBecauseweareoftentoldthatitisbettertohavemorethings.5.WhataretheadvantagesofbeingaminimalistIthelpsustokeepourroomstidy,haveaclearandorganizedmind,savemoneyandreallyvaluethethingswehave.2020/11/3041Passage41.Whatis“foodmiles”Afoodmileisthedistancethatfoodtravelsfromthefarmersfieldtothepersonwhobuysthefood.2.WhydosomecountrieshavetoimportmostoftheirfoodBecausetheyhavedifficultclimates.3.Whataredisadvantagesof“foodmiles”Thereismorepollutionandmoreglobalwarming,andfoodthattravelsalongwayisnotfreshandusuallynotverytasty.2020/11/30424.WhydopeopleneedtobuymorelocalfoodLocalfoodhasabettertaste,anditalsoreducestheamountofglobalpollution.5.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutWhat“foodmiles”isandthedisadvantagesofit.2020/11/3043教学资料整理仅供参考，