年产5000吨固体速溶鸡汤项目建设可行性研究论证报告.doc

that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films the starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spend his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.  AN APRIL FOOL’S JOKE: THE NOODLE HARVEST April Fool’s day, or April 1st, is known in many countries as a day for playing jokes on others. It is usually a time when children make fun of each other, but sometimes other people can get caught in the fun too. One of the most famous jokes in England took place on British television in 1957. It was a Monday night when there were always many serious programmes on the television. One of them was called Panorama, this show explored problems and progress all over the world, so nobody was surprised when it began with a report on the excellent noodle harvest in the south Switzerland. The programme mentioned two reasons for the good crop: an unusually warm winter and the disappearance of the insect that attacked the noodle crop every year. The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets. The people watching were told that they may not have heard of noodles from this part of the world because noodles were grown as part of small family businesses. The programme makers makers realized that people might wonder why noodles were always the same size so that they explained that “it was the result of many years’ patient research with the tree to produce noodles of exactly the same length.” But even so they explained, the life of a noodle farmer was not easy. “The last two weeks of March are an anxious time for noodle farmers. There is always a chance of very cold weather spoiling their crop. Then it is difficult for them to get top prices on the markets.”  Many people in England believed this story. They rang the BBC to find out hoe to grow their own noodle tree. They were told to “place a piece of noodle in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.” This may seem very silly, but in the 1950s very few British people travelled aboard for their holidays and even fewer of them ate noodles. So it seemed possible to imagine that noodles grew on tree like apples, pears and nuts. People also trusted the Panorama programme for its careful research and serious information. So they were shocked to find the next day that they had all believed an April Fool’s joke. Even today the report of the noodle harvest is remembered as one of the best April Fool’s jokes ever! Unit 4 Communication: No Problem?  Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We should take them first to their dormitories and then to the student cantee. After an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand. They both apologized--- another cultural mistake! Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hand and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the France custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women. As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general--- not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world cultural crossroads!  Showing our feelings Body language is one of the most powerful s of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all knds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal. The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – it’s function is to show happiness and to people at ease. It does not always means that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings. From the time we are babie, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone show anger. Making a fist and shaking it alomost means that someone is angry and threatening another person. There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down s for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal. How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it. Being respectful to people is subjective, besed on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen. With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can ofen be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each others as well as we do!  THE OPEN HAND-A UNICERSAL SIGN When meeting people at the airport, most people smile and shake hands with people they meet. We know that smile is usually a sign that people feel friendly and happy, but what if we don’t know who the new person is? What if we are not introduced by a friend? What if we are meeting a stranger in a unfamiliar place? Sometimes people are dangerous and humans have to find ways to protect themselves. We have to make sure we can trust people we don’t know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous. Showing our hands means that we are not armed. In many cultures today, the Western custom of shaking hands is used. We use our right hand, which is usually strong than the left one. If we are using our hand this way, in cannot

年产5000吨粉末固体速溶鸡汤
加工厂建设项目建议书
一、项目概况
（一）项目名称：城口县粉末固体速溶鸡汤加工厂建设项目
（二）项目实施单位：城口县卫生局
（三）拟建地点：重庆市城口县山地鸡养殖中心
（四）建设内容：利用近几年来城口山地鸡的发展优势可以提供优质安全的原料来源，加之运用现代食品加工的先进技术水平，结合现今中国人民食品和生活消费的趋势，发展一款优质方便的原汁原味的固体速溶鸡汤已经不再是一种设想，经过城口县卫生局和城口县土鸡养殖中心研究决定拟建设一个年产5000吨粉末固体速溶鸡汤的加工厂。
二、项目建设背景和意义
（一）鸡汤的营养价值分析
汤，是极富魅力的美味佳肴，既能刺激食欲又能增进健康，对于口舌成千上万的味蕾极富诱惑性。饭前汤可刺激食欲，饭后汤可润喉、清胃，有助消化，从古到今，汤可算是整个宴会的高潮。鸡汤更是我们经常愿意选择的一款营养佳品，究其原因是由于其营养价值丰富（不同鸡的品种营养价值有差异），肉质口感细腻，有一些特殊的风味成分，同时对于我们的机体还有一些特殊的调节作用。
通过营养学研究，鸡肉和其他肉制品比较蛋白质的含量比例较高，种类多，而且消化率高，很容易被人体吸收利用，有增强体力、强壮身体的作用。鸡肉含有的脂肪较少，但是其中不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸的含量很高，约为猪肉中的三倍，其中还有对人体生长发育有重要作用的磷脂类，鸡肉中的脂肪是中国人膳食结构中脂肪和磷脂的重要来源之一。此外，鸡肉中还有少量的维生素和矿物质，尽管它们在鸡肉中的量相对较少但是确实我们机体必不可少的微量成分。其中鸡肉中的一些化合物能引起中枢神经系统的兴奋，刺激胃黏膜，并可反射性的促使胃酸分泌的增多，增进食欲和促进消化。
鸡汤的食疗以及药用价值很早就被人们所发现，鸡汤中含有多种氨基酸、蛋白质以及一些微量元素等营养成分。现代研究表明，鸡汤能够缓解感冒症状、提供肠内营养治疗、消除疲劳感、补血等。在工业化生产鸡汤中，鸡肉蛋白酶解物活性多肽也具有抗氧化、降血压、增强机体免疫力等功效。鸡汤中还含有丰富的鸡骨溶出物，如胶质、钙和磷等。所以其不但味道鲜美，而且易于消化吸收，对身体大有裨益。老鸡汤不仅可以补虚而且还可以起到缓解感冒症状，提高人体免疫功能的作用，同时鸡汤还适用于营养不良、消化性溃疡、慢性胃炎、月经不调、病后虚弱等人食用。
（二）城口山地鸡的发展背景
城口地处大巴山南麓, 地处偏远，跟外界流通不便，相对闭塞，属典型山区,由于独特的地理隔离,具有丰富的自然资源,也形成了一些特有的地方畜禽品系,如现今广为流传的城口山地鸡，他们吸的是生态氧，喝的是山泉水，吃的是中草药，睡的是有机土，其肉质细嫩、肉味鲜美、汤汁醇厚、营养丰富，是获得国家农业部地理标志认证的产品，故而得到很多消费者的喜爱。
城口山地鸡的形成已有近两百年的历史，自城口县有人居住以来就伴随有养鸡。清道光甲辰年（公元1844年）新修《城口厅志》第十八卷物产志对当时饲养的鸡的功能、作用、习性、外貌特征、特性、肉品风味等方面进行了记载；1985年《城口县农业区划》记载：“本地土鸡具有耐粗、抗病、适应性强、肉质香嫩等优良特性……”，1995年《城口县志》记载：“城口建制于秦……境内家禽饲养，历来以鸡为主，鸡群结构以本地土鸡种居之”。城口山地鸡，2006年由重庆市畜禽品种审定委员会审定正式命名。2009年通过国家畜禽遗传资源委员会鉴定，并由中华人民共和国农业部第1278号令给予公告，正式成为国家级畜禽遗传资源。
　　城口山地鸡品种血缘来源相同，分布区域连续，种质特征特性明显，具有适应性强、耐粗饲、抗病力强、遗传性能稳定、产蛋性能高和蛋品品质好等优良特性，适宜野外放牧散养。肉质细嫩，肉味鲜美，汤汁醇厚，营养丰富，具有高蛋白、低脂肪、滋补性强的特点。蛋清较稠，蛋黄色深。
　　城口山地鸡属于肉蛋兼用型品种。该鸡中等体型，单冠直立，复冠少见，冠、耳叶、肉髯多为红色，黑色少见，少量个体有凤头；喙为青色、微弯曲；羽毛较紧凑，片羽，羽色以黑色为主，腹部黑灰羽，尾羽发达上翘；胫以黑色为主，少量白色，相对较短、较细，蹠羽少见；皮肤有白、黑两色，白色居多；结构匀称，体躯略偏长，胸部宽窄适中，龙骨长直，胸肌欠发达，背长而直。
（三）现代食品高新技术作后盾
真空干燥是使食品在低压、低温下进行水分蒸发，从而得到质量较高的食品的干燥方法，利用冰品升华原理，在高真空的环境条件下，将冻结了的食品中的水分不经过冰的融化直接从固态冰升华为水蒸汽而使物料干燥的工艺。经真空冷冻干燥的产品物料中的热敏成分能保留下来，营养成分和风味损失很少，可以最大限度的保留食品中原有的成分、味道、色泽和芳香。由于物料在升华脱水以前先经冻结，
形成稳定的固体骨架，所以水分升华以后，固体骨架基本保持不变，干燥品不失原有的固体结构，保持着物品原有形态。尤其是多孔结构的制品具有很理想的速溶性和快速复水性。随着社会经济的高速发展，真空冷冻干燥技术在医药、医疗、食品工业、化工等许多领域都有越来越多的应用。现在市场上流行的速溶咖啡，速溶奶粉包括一些速溶的方便食品都备受消费者亲睐，真空冷冻干燥产品极大的方便了人们的生活和工作。
真空冷冻干燥技术与其它干燥方法相比有其特有的优点：
（1）可以最大限度地保留食品原有的成分、味道、色泽和芳香。物料在低温、低氧条件下干燥，这使得物料中热敏成分的破坏减少，营养成分和风味物质的损失减少，使得保留食品原有的成分、味道、色泽和芳香成为可能。
（2）杀菌抑菌，冻干过程中低温、缺氧的环境同样也能起到灭菌或抑制某些细菌细胞内酶活性的作用。
（3）保持食品原有的形状赋予产品很好的速溶性和复水性。由于物料在升华脱水以前先经冻结，冻结产生的固体冰晶支撑着物料形成稳定的固体骨架，而在水分升华以后，固体骨架基本保持不变，所以物料干燥后不会失去原有的固体结构，也正是由于干燥后的物料保持着原有的形状，其骨架组成的多孔结构赋予产品理想的速溶性和快速的复水性。
（4）无需添加任何添加剂，在整个冻干过程中，只有物理变化，没有化学变化。产品无论是气味还是色泽都基本保持原有的状态。例如：原料是绿色的，那么冻干品也必然是绿色的，不必再应用添加剂。
（5）脱水彻底，贮存、运输、销售方便 冻干产品残余含水率很低，一般<5%。产品不易被微生物所侵害，并且有利于产品在常温下长期贮存和长途运输。
（6）减少物料的表面硬化和营养物质的损失 由于物料中的水分在预冻以后以冰晶的形态存在，原来溶于水中的无机盐之类的溶解物被均匀地分布在物料之中。升华时溶于水中的溶解物质就地析出，避免了一般干燥方法中因物料内部水分向表面迁移的同时其所携带的无机盐在物料表面析出而造成表面硬化现象以及营养损失现象。
(7）可实现无菌生产 由于低温的环境避开了许多生物的适宜温度生长带。所以生产可以很便利的实现无菌操作，便于实现HACCP。
(四)开发粉末固体速溶鸡汤的意义
由于城口地处偏远，土鸡运销主城区还行，但要想得到更大的舞台，实在还是有很多需要克服的困难，要是能够开发一款原汁原味的粉末固体速溶鸡汤，那么既克服了运输问题，而且还可以大大的拓宽山地鸡的市场。运用现代食品的高新技术不仅可以保证鸡汤的营养安全和美味可口，而且还可以弥补现代消费人群由于工作忙没有时间熬制鸡汤的不足。鸡汤的营养大家都知道，但是由于工作时间忙，加之传统熬制鸡汤的时间长，如果熬制的方法不当营养物质也会大大的损失，所以鸡汤进入人们的生活还不是特别的普及，而粉末固体速溶鸡汤可以解决这些问题，使人们可以轻松喝上优质的鸡汤。可见，开发粉末固体速溶鸡汤的意义重大，它不仅可以使人民的生活更加快捷方便，还可以实践运用现代食品高新技术，更能够拉动经济的消费，改变传统的饮食观念，提高国民的身体素质。
二、产品的需求分析
据了解，城口山地鸡深受欢迎，供不应求。前两年城口县年出栏山地土鸡70多万羽，市场平均价格卖到了每公斤26元。为进一步拓展市场，城口县还引进了重庆农垦集团，打造城口山地鸡的品牌和市场预计重庆市农垦集团在三年内将投资2亿元打造城口山地鸡产业，他们的集团总裁称将通过活禽销售、建设冷鲜加工生产线和熟食加工生产线等方式，将城口“山地鸡”推向全国乃至全球，实现全年产销量2000万羽，破解城口县农户万元增收难题。　　
据悉，目前首批城口山地鸡形象专卖店已确定将入驻中百仓储、重客隆等一批超市卖场以及江北区、南岸区、大渡口区的部分住宅社区，在总体规划中，三年内将在重庆主城区建至少上百家城口山地鸡形象专卖店。城口县的领导们纷纷表示，城口将着眼于全市、全国乃至全球市场，瞄准中、高端消费群体，突出城口山地鸡的特殊性、唯一性，按照主推城口山地鸡，附带推广城口红色文化、城口生态旅游、城口其它农产品等内容的“1+X”模式，三年内使城口山地鸡成为重庆的一张名片，让城口山地鸡飞出大山，成为城口农户万元增收的“金凤凰”。
目前，城口山地鸡有一定的品牌优势，但推广不够。因此，现在市民在市场上很难看到城口的山地鸡。为了帮助山地鸡走出城口，端上市民餐桌，从而推动城口的农民增收致富，那么改变传统的生产方式，建设一些新型的高技术含量的山地鸡加工厂就是迫在眉睫，只有通过这样的方式城口的山地鸡才会走的更远，才会被更多的人喜爱。而粉末固体速溶鸡汤就是抓住了这一有利契机，相信市场前景一定很广阔。
三、产品方案和拟建规模
（一）产品品种简介
1、十全大补鸡汤粉
十全大补汤粉的基本特点是补气养血，健脾益肾。由于汤料中加入了各类补品，所以其中的营养价值丰富完善，冲调后味道鲜美。这是一类血气双补食品和补虚养身食品，它可以补血益气，添髓健体，可以改善面色萎黄、食欲不振、四肢乏力等症。几乎适用于所有的人群，特别适合于平时容易手脚冰冷、腰酸背痛的人群。
2、三七全鸡汤粉
三齐全鸡汤粉除了有鸡汤中原本含有的营养成分，还特别添加了三七（一种中药）。众所周知三七花具有清热解毒、平肝明目、减肥、降血脂、降血压、消炎、止痛、止血、抗癌等功效。三七全鸡汤粉溶解后鸡肉入口即化，鸡汤香甜，有提神补气的良好功效适。特别适宜于老人、上班一族、以及成年女性食用。
3、清炖鸡参汤粉
我们都知道海参含胆固醇低，脂肪含量相对少，对高血压、冠心病、肝炎等病人及老年人堪称食疗佳品，常食对治病强身很有益处。海参含有硫酸软骨素，有助于人体生长发育，能够延缓肌肉衰老，增强机体的免疫力。海参微量元素钒的含量居各种食物之首，可以参与血液中铁的输送，增强造血功能。海参中的一些海参毒素能够有效抑制多种霉菌及某些人类癌细胞的生长和转移。食用海参对再生障碍性贫血、糖尿病、胃溃疡等均有良效。海参性温，味甘、咸；具有滋阴补肾、壮阳益精、养心润燥、补血、治溃疡等作用。充分利用海参的这些特点，我们特别开发了这款清炖鸡参汤粉，它具有调理营养不良、滋阴、气血双补、补虚养身等功效。
4、香菇鸡汤粉
香菇鸡汤粉同样也是利用香菇具有高蛋白、低脂肪、多糖、多种氨基酸和多种维生素的营养特点来进行制作的。香菇中有一种一般蔬菜缺乏的麦淄醇，它可转化为维生素D，促进体内钙的吸收，并可增强人体抵抗疾病的能力。正常人吃香菇能起到防癌作用。癌症患者多吃香菇能抑制肿瘤细胞的生长；香菇食疗对腹壁脂肪较厚的患者，有一定的减肥效果。香菇中含腺瞟吟、胆碱、酪氨酸、氧化酶以及某些核酸物质，能起到降压、降胆固醇、降血脂的作用，又可预防动脉硬化、肝硬化等疾病；香菇多糖能提高辅助性T细胞的活力而增强人体体液免疫功能。大量实践证明，香菇防治癌症的范围广泛，已用于临床治疗。香菇还含有多种维生素、矿物质，对促进人体新陈代谢，提高机体适应力有很大作用；香菇还对糖尿病、肺结核、传染性肝炎、神经炎等起治疗作用，又可用于消化不良、便秘等。可见群众的眼睛都是雪亮的啊，被大众一直认可的香菇鸡汤的确是营养价值颇丰啊！
5、灵芝鸡汤粉
灵芝鸡汤粉的基本特点也是增强免疫力，调节分泌，防止衰老。灵芝能提高机体免疫力，可以帮助怀孕期间的孕妇缓解呕吐、身体肿胀、食欲不振，减轻心情抑郁等症状；对于成长中的小孩可以起到预防一些疾病和增强体质的功效；对于那些进入中年和老年的人们也特别适用，它可以缓解生活中的压力，调节机体稳定在一个安静的状态，同时可以调节体内激素的分泌，延缓机体衰老，以及预防衰老过程中的一些疾病。
6、核桃鸡汤粉
核桃鸡汤粉的基本特点是味道鲜美，肉菜嫩软，口味清香。补血养神、补肾健脑、益气补虚。核桃是众所周知十分有益的坚果，健脑、降低胆固醇、益寿延年是它三大保健价值，适宜常吃，而在天气较寒冷的秋冬季节食用，对身体具有很好的补益养生作用。
按中医“以形补形”的说法，长得很像人脑的核桃仁自然是补脑的，但其实这并非“空穴来风”，核桃含有大量补脑益智的营养成分，如卵磷脂对脑神经有良好的保健作用，非常适合生长期的孩子和经常用脑的成人食用。而注重肌肤保养的女士们来说，核桃也是不可多得的宝物，它含有多种抗氧化剂，如维生素C和维生素E，可以对抗让人体衰老的氧自由基。另外，核桃也非常适宜“三高”人士多食用，其所含的丰富脂类有亚油酸甘油酯、亚麻酸及油酸甘油酯，对减少胆固醇在血中升高有益，有利于动脉硬化、心脑血管病患者的保健。
7、银耳鸡汤粉
银耳鸡汤粉的基本特点是润肺和胃、补虚强身。多适用于气虚体弱、气阴不足、失眠多梦、健忘心悸、焦虑不安等病症。由于银耳具有润肺和胃、补虚强身的功效，加之鸡清汤益气补精，且味道鲜美、清淡爽口，所以还适宜于咽干、干咳痰少、喉痒等患者食用，健康人长期食用能防病保健、益寿延年，因银耳有抗癌的作用，故亦可作为癌症病人的辅助治疗。
8、首乌归芪乌鸡汤粉
首乌归芪乌鸡汤粉的基本特点是补气血、滋肝肾汤味鲜美。黄芪有补气升阳、固表止汗、排浓生肌、消肿利尿的作用。当归，具有活血调血的功效，它既能够活血化瘀，也能够补血生新。以乌鸡、黄芪和当归同炖，具有滋阴、补气、和中的功效，最适合气血两虚的产妇食用，是一道美味食疗药膳。
9、鹿茸炖乌鸡汤粉
鹿茸炖乌鸡汤粉的功效是温宫补肾，益精养血。适用于宫冷、肾虚精衰不孕者，症见婚久不孕，月经不调，经血色淡量少，小腹冷感，腰酸无力等。经研究得知鹿茸中含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸以及矿物质等营养成分，其具有促进生长发育和强壮身体、促进机体免疫调节、抗炎、抗衰老和促进创伤愈合等功效。
10、天麻乌鸡汤粉
天麻乌鸡汤粉的功效是温中健脾，补益气血，润肤养颜。凡属血气暴亏而引起的身体虚弱，食欲不振，喜暖嗜卧，面黄无华者，即可辅食之。天麻具有增强免疫，抗衰老和抗遗忘的作用，对动脉粥样硬化导致的锥基底动脉供血不足疗效也很显著，此外还对心脏缺血有保护作用，具有温和的降压作用和拮抗兴奋性氨基酸神经毒性以及对模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤星形胶质细胞有良好的保护作用。
（二）拟建规模
拟建规模是建设一个年产5000吨粉末固体速溶鸡汤的加工厂。预计原料鸡的养殖场地约为占地面积为5000亩左右的山地，主加工车间的占地面积约为1000亩，辅助车间以及一些公共设施及绿化场地等的占地面积合计约为1500亩。其中主加工车间根据共有10道加工工序，并生产10种优质的产