宾语从句(经典).ppt

语法名词性从句1.英英语句子的种句子的种类简单句句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子概论2.简单句的五种句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主主语+谓语（连系系动词）+表表语He laughed.主主语+谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语She taught them physics.主主语+谓语(vt.)+间接接宾语+直接直接宾语We must keep the room warm.主主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足足语 3.并列句并列句 把两个或几个把两个或几个简单句用句用并列并列连词连接起来。接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列常用并列连词:平行平行并列并列连词:转折折并列并列连词：因果因果并列并列连词:选择并列并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so4.复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名名词性从句性从句 定定语从句从句 状状语从句从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定定语从句从句 状状语从句从句3.I know(that)he is from America(宾语从句）从句）名名词性从句性从句-5.Noun Clauses(名名词性从句性从句)Subject Clause (主主语从句从句)Appositive Clause（同位（同位语从句）从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）从句）Predicative Clause（表（表语从句）从句）6.名名词性从句在功能上相当于名性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主主语、宾语、表、表语、同位、同位语等。等。主主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.7.宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.8.Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主主语从句从句宾语从句从句表表语从句从句 名名词性从句性从句的作用相当于名的作用相当于名词，因此主，因此主语从句、从句、表表语从句从句、宾语从句和同位从句和同位语从句分从句分别作主句作主句的主的主语、表、表语、宾语和同位和同位语。同位同位语从句从句9.宾语从句的定从句的定义置于置于动词、介、介词等等词性后面起性后面起宾语作用的从句叫作用的从句叫宾语从句。从句。宾语从句的从句的语序必序必须是是陈述述语序序。谓语动词、介、介词、动词不定式，不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能形式后面都能带宾语从从句。句。有些形容有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以等）之后也可以带宾语从句。从句。10.宾语从句中引从句中引导词的用法的用法在复合句中作主句的在复合句中作主句的宾语，引引导词有：有：连词：that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if代代词：who,whose,what,which副副词：when,where,how,why 等。等。11.1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主主语谓语宾语（简单句）句）主主语谓语宾 语 从从 句句连词 从句主从句主语 从句从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）12.宾语从句的概念：从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子句子结构：构：主句主句+连词（引（引导词）+宾语从句从句13.1）主句的）主句的谓语动词可以是可以是及物及物动词：2）如如果果主主句句的的谓语动词是是一一个个带有有介介词的的词组，那么后接的从句做，那么后接的从句做介介词宾语从句从句。3）有些）有些形容形容词后后也可以也可以带有有宾语从句。从句。Im afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.He wondered if he could pass the exam.They are talking about whether they can pass the exam.注注意意：动词+副副词形形成成的的谓语动词词组后后也也可以可以带宾语从句。从句。14.一、从属一、从属一、从属一、从属连词连词 1.1.当当当当宾语宾语从句是从句是从句是从句是陈陈述句述句述句述句时时（包括肯定句和否定（包括肯定句和否定（包括肯定句和否定（包括肯定句和否定 句句句句），连连词词由由由由thatthat引引引引导导，因因因因为为thatthat在在在在从从从从句句句句中中中中不不不不作作作作 任何成分任何成分任何成分任何成分，也，也，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口，因此在口，因此在口，因此在口语语 或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略常省略常省略vvLin Lin Tao Tao knows knows(that)(that)his his own own team team is is even even better.better.vvShe She says says(that)(that)she she wont wont take take part part in in the the sports meetingsports meeting next Sunday.next Sunday.vvJim Jim thought thought(that)(that)the the train train was was like like a a big big moving party.moving party.vvHe He said said(that)(that)he he would would like like to to see see the the headmaster.headmaster.引导词种类15.2.2.当当当当 宾宾 语语 从从从从 句句句句 是是是是 一一一一 般般般般 疑疑疑疑 问问 句句句句 时时，由由由由 连连 词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引引引导导（口口口口语语中中中中常常常常用用用用if if），因因因因为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译成成成成：“是是是是否否否否”，具具具具有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的意意意意义义，所以不能省略，所以不能省略，所以不能省略，所以不能省略Lily Lily wanted wanted to to knowknow if if/whether/whether her her grandma grandma liked the handbag.liked the handbag.Lets Lets seesee if if/whether/whether we we can can find find out out some some information about that city.information about that city.It It all all depends depends on on whetherwhether she she likes likes the the boss boss or or not.not.引导词种类16.二、二、二、二、连连接代接代接代接代词词 which,which,what,what,whose,whose,who,who,whom,whom,whatever,whatever,whoever,whoever,whomever,whomever,whicheverwhichever；连连接代接代接代接代词词在从句中作主在从句中作主在从句中作主在从句中作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表、表、表语语、定、定、定、定语语。I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.引导词种类17.三、三、三、三、连连接副接副接副接副词词 where,where,when,when,why,why,howhow等等等等连连接接接接副副副副词词在在在在句句句句中中中中作作作作状状状状语语。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导词种类18.带how的的词组也都可以引也都可以引导宾语从句从句vCould you tell us Could you tell us how oftenhow often you go you go abroad for a holiday?abroad for a holiday?vCould you tell us Could you tell us how longhow long the meeting the meeting will last?will last?vI dont know I dont know how farhow far it is to the cinema it is to the cinema.vPlease tell us Please tell us how manyhow many students there students there are in your school?are in your school?vCan you tell us Can you tell us how oldhow old his brother is?his brother is?vPlease tell us Please tell us how soonhow soon you will be ready.you will be ready.vCould you tell us Could you tell us how muchhow much it costs to fly it costs to fly to Hainan?to Hainan?19.二、二、时态1.1.如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是如果主句是现现在的在的在的在的时态时态 （包括一般（包括一般（包括一般（包括一般现现在在在在时时 ，现现在在在在进进行行行行时时，现现在完成在完成在完成在完成时时），从句的），从句的），从句的），从句的时态时态可根可根可根可根 据据据据实际实际情况而定，（包括一般情况而定，（包括一般情况而定，（包括一般情况而定，（包括一般现现在在在在时时，一般，一般，一般，一般过过 去去去去时时，一般将来，一般将来，一般将来，一般将来时时，现现在完成在完成在完成在完成时时等）等）等）等）vI know he I know he liveslives here .here .vI know he I know he livedlived here ten years ago.here ten years ago.vI I have have heard heard that that he he will will comecome tomorrow.tomorrow.20.2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过去去去去的的的的时时态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过去去去去时时，过过去去去去进进行行行行时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对应应的的的的过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过去去去去时时，过过去去去去进进行行行行时时，过过去将来去将来去将来去将来时时，过过去完成去完成去完成去完成时时）vI knew who I knew who livedlived here.here.vI I told told me me that that she she was was talkingtalking with with her her mother at that time last week.mother at that time last week.vHe He asked asked whether whether his his father father would would comecome backback the next day.the next day.vHe said that he He said that he had seenhad seen it before.it before.21.3.当从句是客当从句是客观真理，定真理，定义，公理，定理，公理，定理 时用一般用一般现在在时。The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.The teacher said that the world is made up of matter.22.三、三、语序序宾语从句的从句的语序用序用陈述述语序序：连接接词+主主语+谓语+其他成其他成分分23.1.When will he go to the library?1.When will he go to the library?His His brother brother asks asks when when he he will will go go toto the the library.library.His His brother brother asks asks when when will will he he go go toto the the library.library.2.What does he want to buy?2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what I dont know what he wants tohe wants to buy.buy.I I dont dont know know what what does does he he want want toto buy.buy.3.Who are we going to meet?3.Who are we going to meet?Can Can you you tell tell me me who who we we are are going going toto meet?meet?Can Can you you tell tell me me who who are are we we going going toto meet?meet?24.4.Does he know French?4.Does he know French?We want to know if/whether We want to know if/whether he knowshe knows French.French.We want to know if/whether We want to know if/whether does he does he knowknow French.French.5.Will they go to Canada in summer?5.Will they go to Canada in summer?They re not sure if/whether They re not sure if/whether they will they will go togo to Canada in summer.Canada in summer.They re not sure if/whether They re not sure if/whether will they will they go togo to Canada in summer.Canada in summer.25.1could/would是是委委婉婉语气气，而而不不是是过去去式式，因因此此宾语从从句句的的时态根根据据实际情情况况用用不同不同时态。注意事项vCould Could you you please please tell tell me me where where we we show show ourour tickets tickets?vCould Could you you tell tell us us which which gate gate we we have have to to go togo to?vWould Would you you like like to to know know when when he he will will come backcome back?26.2.如如果果主主句句的的谓语动词是是ask时，连词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓语动词是是say时，连词用用thatvShe says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.vHe said(that)he was going to take care of the child.vHe asks if I like playing the piano.vYou may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.27.3.当当doubt,doubtful用用于于肯肯定定句句时，后后面面的的名名词性性从从句句连接接词常常用用whether或或if;当当doubt,doubtful用用于于否否定定句句时，后后面面的的名名词性从句的性从句的连接接词用用that。I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.28.4.当当be sure引引导主主句句是是肯肯定定句句时，后后面面的的名名词性性从从句句的的连接接词常常用用that;当当be sure引引导的的主主句句是是否否定定句句时，后后面面的的名名词性性从从句的句的连接接词常用常用whether或或if。We are sure that he will be successful soon.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether/if he had met me.29.5.介介词后后宾语从句的注意事从句的注意事项：一般情况下介一般情况下介词后只能用后只能用wh-类连接接词引引导的的宾语从句。从句。I am surprised at what he said.介介词后如果接后如果接that从句，要先加上从句，要先加上it,再加再加that从句，即从句，即“介介词+it+that”结构。构。You may depend on it that they will support you.(that不能省略不能省略)介介词except,but,besides及及in后可接后可接that从从句。句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.(that不能省略不能省略)30.7.只只能能使使用用whether而而不不能能使使用用if的的几几种种情情况：况：介介词后后宾语从句用从句用whether,不用不用if.whether 引引导表表语从句和同位从句和同位语从句，而从句，而if则不能。不能。whether后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whether.（如：（如：I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后后宾语从句用从句用whether不用不用if。31.6.在在suggest,demand,order,insist等等动词之之后后的的宾语从从句句中中用用虚虚拟语气气，即即“(should+)动词原形原形”。He suggested that we(should)set about doing the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ordered that the army(should)set off at once.32.主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来一般将来一般将来一般将来时态时态 一般一般一般一般现现在在在在时态时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情含有情含有情含有情态动词态动词Do Do you you know know if if _back _back next next week week?If If he he _ back,please let me know._ back,please let me know.A.A.he he comes comes,will will come come B.B.will will he he come come,comes comes C.C.he he will will come come,comes comes D.D.he he will will come come,will comewill come 7.7.连词连词 if if 和和和和 when when 在不同从句中的区在不同从句中的区在不同从句中的区在不同从句中的区别别：I dont know when he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?will comecomes33.8.连词+宾语从句从句 连词+to dovI dont know what I shall do next.I dont know what to do next.vShe didnt decide which one she would choose.She didnt decide which one to choose.vPlease tell me whom youll give the letter to.Please tell me whom to give the letter to.34.9.9.有些有些有些有些动词带宾语动词带宾语从句从句从句从句时时需要在需要在需要在需要在宾语宾语从句前加从句前加从句前加从句前加it it这类动词这类动词主要有主要有主要有主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,:like,hate,take,owe,have,see to.see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.35.10.10.宾语宾语从句的从句的从句的从句的否定否定否定否定转转移移移移主句的主句的主句的主句的谓语动词谓语动词是是是是think,believe,imagine,think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guesssuppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等等等等,并且主句的主并且主句的主并且主句的主并且主句的主语语是第一人称而且是第一人称而且是第一人称而且是第一人称而且为为一般一般一般一般现现在在在在时时,从从从从句的否定句的否定句的否定句的否定词词一般要一般要一般要一般要转转移到主句上来移到主句上来移到主句上来移到主句上来,其反其反其反其反义义疑疑疑疑问问句句句句一般与一般与一般与一般与宾语宾语从句一致从句一致从句一致从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?36.11.11.宾语宾语从句从句从句从句不可以省略引不可以省略引不可以省略引不可以省略引导词导词thatthat的情况的情况的情况的情况当一个当一个当一个当一个动词带动词带有两个或两个以上有两个或两个以上有两个或两个以上有两个或两个以上宾语宾语从句从句从句从句时时,此此此此时时第一个第一个第一个第一个thatthat可以省略可以省略可以省略可以省略,第二个第二个第二个第二个thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。不可以省略。不可以省略。exceptexcept（介（介（介（介词词）后面）后面）后面）后面宾语宾语从句中从句中从句中从句中thatthat不可以省略。不可以省略。不可以省略。不可以省略。宾语宾语从句从句从句从句紧紧接在接在接在接在间间接接接接宾语宾语后后后后时时，从句中的，从句中的，从句中的，从句中的thatthat不可不可不可不可以省略。以省略。以省略。以省略。it it作形式作形式作形式作形式宾语宾语，宾补宾补后后后后宾语宾语从句中的从句中的从句中的从句中的thatthat不省略。不省略。不省略。不省略。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.37.1.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语从句专项练习题38.3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语从句专项练习题39.5.-I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A.what B.which C.where D.that宾语从句专项练习题40.7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语从句专项练习题41.9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why宾语从句专项练习题42.