1英语句子成分基础练习及答案.doc

(完整版)1英语句子成分基础练习及答案
1、英语句子成分讲解及练习
句子成分由词、词组或句子（从句）充当
英语的基本成分有七种:
主语（subject）、谓语（predicate)、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语（adverbial)、补语(complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
一: Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
1. The sun│rose.
2. Who │cares?
3. What he said │does not matter。
4. They │talked for half an hour.
5。 The pen │writes smoothly

二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
1。 This │is │an English—Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. Everything │looks │different.
4。 He │is growing │tall and strong。
5. Our well │has gone │dry.
6. His face │turned │red。

三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
1. Who │knows │the answer？
2。 He │has refused │to help them.
3。 He │enjoys │reading。
4。 He │said，│"Good morning。"
5。 He │admits │that he was mistaken。

四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2。 He │brought │you │a dictionary。
3. I │showed │him │my pictures.
4. I │told │him │that the bus was late。
5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.

五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
1。 The war made him a soldier。
2。 New methods make the job easy.
3。 I often find him at work.
4. The teacher asked the students to close the windows。
5。 I saw a cat running across the road.

(一）英语句子成分基础练习
(一)。 指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom。
② There is an old man coming here。
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
（二）。 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don’t like the picture on the wall.
    A。 don’t              B。 like                C. picture       D。 wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes。
    A。 get                  B. longer            C。 days   D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus？
    A。 Do                B. usually            C. go             D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon。
    A. will be           B。 meeting          C。 the library      D。 afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast？
A。 Did                B。 twins           C. have        D。 breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
    A。 Tom             B。 didn't            C。 do         D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
    A。 want            B。 to tell             C. you          D。 is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor。
    A。 We              B. had             C. send       D。 doctor
⑨ He is interested in music。
    A. is                 B. interested       C. in         D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
    A. give             B。 did                  C. whom        D. book
(三） 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn’t done his homework.
　　　　A        B     C         D
② People all over the world speak English.
　    A     B         C                 D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation。
　　　　　　　 A        B       C          D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
　　　　　　　　 A      B   C    D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
　　　　           A                                           B                 C               D
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
　　　　A                       B         C         D
⑦ They made him monitor of the class。
　　A      B      C      D
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
　　　 A            B                         C             D
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school。
　　　　　　 A     B            C     D
⑩ They didn’t know who "Father Christmas” really is。
　　A           B          C                    
（四) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
　　   A             B       C             D
② Why is he worried about Jim？
　　　　 A        B      C      D
③ The leaves have turned yellow。
　　 A           B        C       D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject。
　　　　 A           B              C              D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it。
　　　 A         B       C         D
定语：
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，译为‘……的’.
可以作定语的有:数词、形容词性物主代词、形容词、副词、名词、介词结构、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句。
（五) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr。 Mrs。 with the family name。
　   A     B                                C        D
② What is your given name？
　　A    B           C      D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3。
　　　　A     B  C             D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
　　　　A       B      C                D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
　　 A          B            C        D
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe！
　A      B              C                D
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,副词，介词短语，不定式,现在分词,过去分词。
（六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading—room.
         A          B                 C                                D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
　　　 A     B         C              D
③ She found it difficult to do the work。
　　　 A     B     C               D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
　　　  A    B   C       D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
　 A  B          C               D
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
　　　　　　   A                 B                     C                     D
状语为修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
(七） 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face。
　　A      B          C             D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
　　   A                B          C           D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
　　　 A      B           C                   D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast。
　　 A               B                        C               D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm， Miss Li hurried off.
　　　　　　   A                                    B    C       D
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books。
　 A     B          C                     D
⑦ I am afraid that if you’ve lost it， you must pay for it。
　 A       B                    C                         D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
　　　　A             B                C                        D
（八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story。
② My father bought a new bike for me last week。
③ Mr。 Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen。 Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

*同位语（appositive）
同位语是句子成分。英语中同位语的定义或作用是:对某个名词进行解析说明详细化。也就是说这个名词和解析它的内容是同等地位，表达内容相同的.
如:We Chinese are very smart.
英语句子成分基础练习
答案
（一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary   ④ To do
(二） ① B   ② A    ③ C     ④ A    ⑤ C   ⑥ C     ⑦ D     ⑧ C   ⑨ A     ⑩ A      
（三) ① D   ② D    ③ B    ④ A     ⑤ B   ⑥ D     ⑦ C     ⑧ D   ⑨ A     ⑩ D
(四) ①D     ②B      ③D     ④C     ⑤B
(五) ① C    ② C     ③ A ④ B     ⑤ B    ⑥ D
(六) ① C    ② C     ③ C   ④ C   ⑤ D   ⑥ B
（七) ① D     ② A     ③ D     ④ D   ⑤ A   ⑥ D   ⑦ C   ⑧ D
（八) ① us， 间接宾语   a story， 直接宾语
② me， 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us， 间接宾语 history， 直接宾语
④ Tom， 间接宾语 it， 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语     message, 直接宾语

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