大学英语四级历年作文考题分析.pptx

大学英大学英语四四级历年作文考年作文考题分析分析大学英语四级作文四个基本考点大学英语四级作文四个基本考点 1、切题-所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。2、表达清楚、条理清晰-本要求考查学生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。3、文字通顺，连贯性较好-本要求考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。4、基本无语言错误-本要求考查学生语言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。写作的标准分：33分：条理不清，思路混乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。39分：基本切题，表达思想不清楚连贯性差，有较多严重的语言错误。45分：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，期中有一些是严重错误。57分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。67分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。71分最高分标准分标准分=分数分数100.15四级偏重校园生活校园生活步骤：1.审题作文类型：说明文（阐述主题；利弊类型；原因结构型；解决问题型；谚语说明型等）议论文：反驳观点型应用文：写信求职信邀请信等2.决定观点（资料比较多）3.提纲三段式：开头；主体；结论（提纲变中心句放句首加上由逻辑词链接的分支观点）4.检查检查1）每个句子是否都有谓语动词；2）动词的时态和语态；3）主谓搭配是否恰当；4）单词大小写，拼写标点符号。作文误区作文误区使用太复杂的句型以致出错太多想象，内容细节过多，文章冗长书写不规范高分策略高分策略1.构思简单少犯错误（考核语言表达能力）2.好的开头和结尾开头找好切入点，快速入题，简洁明快结尾不要拖泥带水，适当评论，点睛之笔3.用好关联词并列：and,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,notonlybutalso递进：furthermore,whatsmore,whatsworse转折：but,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,however4.用好标点，大小写，安排好段落句子正确性和多样性（同位语，无灵主语，排比等）词的变化句子的变化近义词替换5.书写清楚，整洁，规范好的开头1.直接陈述观点例1:Nowadayspeoplearecomingtorealize/beawarethatAsfarasIamconcerned,例2:Peoplebecomeincreasinglyaware/consciousoftheimportanceofInmyopinion/Ithink2.比较法例1:Whenitcomesto,somepeoplethink/believethatOthersargue/claimthattheoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,butIhold/believethat例2:Nowadays,thereispublicdiscussion/controversyon/abouttheproblem/issueofThosewhocriticize/objecttoarguethatButpeoplewhoadvocate/favor,ontheotherhand,maintainthatIstronglyholdthat背景法例1：Peopleusedtothink/ItwasoncethoughtInthepast/olddaysButthingsarequitedifferent.Fewpeoplenowsharethisview.设问法Shouldsmokingbebanned?Answerstothisquestionvarygreatly.Somepeopleareinfavorofthebanningofsmokingbecauseitisnotonlyastrongoffence（冒犯）topeoplearoundthesmokers,butalsosomethingharmfultothesmokersthemselves.Isidewiththeminthissense.数据法例例1：Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about85%ofthepeopleareinfavorofGoldenWeekand15%regardGoldenWeekasawasteoftime.例例2:Arecentstatisticsshowsthat.75%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftergraduation.结尾总结法Sample:ImportantQualitiesofaGoodSonorDaughterTheabove-mentionedareonlyafewofthequalitiesofagoodchild,namely,beingfilial（）,respectingtheparentsandlovingthefamily,butIbelievethattheyhavebeenandwillbeofvitalimportanceinafamily.重申法Sample:WhyDoPeopleWork?Inbrief,Ibelievethatpeopleworkmainlybecausetheyfindtheirworkrewardingandcanfeelthesenseofsatisfactionintheirjob.(thebeginningoftheessaygoeslikethis:Itseemsthatpeopleworkformoney;however,asamatteroffact,theyworkmainlybecausetheyenjoyworking,throughwhichtheycangetthesenseofaccomplishment.)建议法Sample:PhysicalExerciseisBeneficialtoHealthFromtheabovedata,wecanseetheimportanceofphysicalexercises.Therefore,peopleformallwalksoflifeshouldspendmoretimeontakingupphysicalexercisestokeepthemselvesphysicallyandmentallysound.预测法Sample:ComputerTranslationorHumanBeingTranslation?Allinall,nomatterhowadvancedscienceandtechnologywouldbe,computerscannevertaketheplaceofhumanbeingsintranslation.Wehumanbeingshaveproducedandwillproducebettertranslationstobridgethedifferentcultures.引言式Sample:TheImportanceofKnowledgeFrancisBacon,thegreatphilosopher,onceremarked,“knowledgeispower”.Thisisstillvalidinmoderntimes.Onlybyobtainingusefulknowledge,canwecontributemoretothesociety.常见错误归纳常见错误归纳 一、主语错误1.主语缺失1)Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.2)Inmyhometownarentverybusy.Peopleinmyhometownareverybusy.2.非名词主语1)Richdoesntensureahappylife.Beingrichdoesntmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesntensureahappylife.2)Keeptwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.3.主谓错位1)Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.2)NowpeopleslivescantleaveTV.NowpeoplecantdowithoutTV.二、谓语错误 1.多重谓语1)Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.Inourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.2)Povertymakesmanypeoplecantstudyabroad.Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./Manypeoplecantstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.3)Therearemanypeoplethinkthat.Therearemanypeoplewhothinkthat.或者直接说Manypeoplethinkthat.2.非动词谓语1)Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.2)Itissaidthattheplaceworthestouring.Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.3.主谓不一致1)IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.2)Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata.4.误用词组1)Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.2)Iamafraidofthatitsgoingtorain.Iamafraidthatitsgoingtorain.三、冠词错误 1)Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.Inmyopinion,thefutureofthebicycleisverypromising.2)Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlythegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadones.Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlygoodbookstoreadandnevertouchbadones.四、代词错误 1.偷梁换柱1)Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize.Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,heshouldnotplagiarize.2)Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveusandtheywillleaveusalong./Ifyoucheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.2.指代不明1)Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,whichnobodybelieved.Hegaveareason,whichnobodybelieved,fornotattendingthemeeting./Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,areasonwhichnobodybelieved.2)Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdentheyhavetobear.Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdenstudentshavetobear.五、形容词、副词错误 1)Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferently.Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferent.2)Surprisingenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.Surprisinglyenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.六、分词误用 1)Comparingwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.Comparedwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.2)Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewingthroughmycamera.Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewedthroughmycamera.七、修饰语误置 1)SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforlearningEnglishpeople.SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforpeoplelearningEnglish.2)Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovetothecountrysidethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgases.八、垂悬修饰语 1)Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,peopleslivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,peoplehavegreatlyimprovedtheirlivingstandard.2)Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,theletterwaspostedatonce.Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,Ipostedtheletteratonce.九、平行错误 1)Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,thespeedoftrafficcanbeincreased.Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,wecanincreasethespeedoftraffic.2)BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyofthecourseandhowlongitlasted.BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyandlengthofthecourse./BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmehowdifficultthecoursewasandhowlongitlasted.十、搭配错误 1)Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassoexpensivethatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassohighthatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.2)Crowdedtrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.Heavytrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.十一、破句1)Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob.Thenyoumustpassthejobinterview.Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob,youmustpassthejobinterview.2)Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners.Becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners,becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.练习题1）Thereisasayinggoes.2）Itsthemajorthingaffectspeoplesfriendship.3）Whenwehavedifficulty,someonehelpsyourightawayistherealfriend.4）Friendshipisimportantfornomatterrichpeopleorpoorpeople.5）Peoplearenotsurethatwhether.Thereisasayingwhichgoes.Itsthemajorthingthataffectspeoplesfriendship.少了一个whoFriendshipisimportant,whetherforrichpeopleorforpoorpeople.nomatter后面必须接一个小句（主语、谓语完整）that一词多余6）Ifpeoplebecomefriends,bothofthemwontcareaboutmoney.7）a.Inmyopinion,Iagreewiththeviewthat.b.sharemanycommoninterests8)Somepeoplebelievethatfinancialdisparityaffectsfriendship.Somebelievethatfinancialdisparitydoesntaffectfriendship.Formypart,Iagreewiththelatter,becausefinancialdisparitydoesntaffectfriendship.9)Itisnotdifficulttoimagineifthoserichpeoplehavesomepoorfriendswithcommoninterests.10)Wewontaskpeoplewhethertheyhavemuchmoneyornotwhenmakingfriendswithotherpeople.neitherofthemcareaboutmoney.Inmyopinion去掉，或把后面的一半改为theviewthat.isrightif一词显然应该是that，不过更通顺的说法应该是Itisnotdifficulttoimaginerichpeoplehavingsomepoorfriendswithsimilarinterests.havemanycommoninterests或sharemanyinterestspeople和otherpeople显然应该是同指关系，后面的otherpeople应改为them才对作文是对语言的综合运用，可以集中体现出学习者的基本功和思维能力；语感非常重要，作文是对语言的综合运用，可以集中体现出学习者的基本功和思维能力；语感非常重要，不过要形成好的语感还需要长期的反复训练。写作能力必须建立在大量阅读、用心感受和不过要形成好的语感还需要长期的反复训练。写作能力必须建立在大量阅读、用心感受和无数次练习的基础上，对此曾对学生反复讲过多次，不过由于无法立竿见影，多数学生不无数次练习的基础上，对此曾对学生反复讲过多次，不过由于无法立竿见影，多数学生不能很好地坚持，很是遗憾。能很好地坚持，很是遗憾。历年四级作文题目1.2005年年6月月向老师表达节日祝贺从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献我如何回报老师的关爱2.2005年年12月月名校校园正成为旅游新热点校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同我认为ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists？2006年年6月月0nStudentsSelectingLectures有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题4.2006年年12月月许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会但有些人提出取消春节晚会.我的看法.5.2007年年6月月申请加入一个社团AnannouncementtowelcomestudentstojointoaclubWelcometoourclub本社团的主要活动内容参加本社团的好处如何加入本社团6.2007年年12月月各大学开设了各种各样的选修课学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课以你自己为例7.2008年年6月月娱乐活动(recreationalactivities)多种多样娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能有危害性作为大学生我们的看法8.2008年年12月月LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用造成的问题限制使用的意义9.2009年年6月月Freeadmissiontomuseums越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？也会带来一些问题你的看法作文模板作文模板对比选择型2006年12月1许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节晚会2但有些人提出取消春节晚会3我的看法模板1Thereisnoconsensusamongthepeopleastotheviewof_(主题).Somepeopleholdtheideathat_(观点A).Acaseinpointisthat_(支持观点A的例子).Ontheotherhand,othersmayhaveaquitedifferentview.Accordingtothem,_(观点B).Themosttypicalexampleisthat_(支持观点B的例子).Weighingtheprosandconsofthesearguments,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththelatter.Admittedly,theformerpointofviewseemsreasonableinsayingtosomeextent,butthelatterismoreconvincing.模板2_(主题)isacommonoccurrenceinourlives.Theattitudestowardthisissuevaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeopletendto_whentheyareasked_(观点A)because_(支持观点A的原因).Themosttypicalexampleisthat_(支持观点A的例子).However,othersarguethat_(观点B).Theypointoutthat_(重申观点B)forthereasonthat_(支持观点B的原因).AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwillchooseto_(你的观点)becausethischoicefitsmypersonalityandmylife-longbelief.2006年12月现象解释型2005年12月24日Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShould the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1名校校园正成为旅游新热点2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3我认为.模板一TopicWehavewitnessed_.Accordingto_，_.And_.Manyreasonscontributeto_.Tobeginwith，_.Moreover，_.Inaddition，_.Asaresult,_.Astome，_.Firstofall,_.(11)Besides,_.(12)Toconclude,_.模板二Topichasbeenbroughtintofocus.Nowadays,_.Inaddition,_.Manyreasonscontributeto_.Generallyspeaking,_.Firstofall,_.(2)Moreover,_.Therefore,_.AsfarasIamconcerned,_.Asweknow,_.Furthermore,_.Inaword,_.利弊型Nowadaysmanypeopleprefer_(主题)becauseitplaysasignificantroleinourdailylife.Generally,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.Ontheonehand,_(主题的优点1).Ontheotherhand,_(主题的优点2).Buteverythingcanbedividedintotwo.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Oneoftheimportantdisadvantagesisthat_(主题的缺点1).Tomakemattersworse,_(主题的缺点2).Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsfaroutweighitsnegativeaspects.Whatevereffectsithas,onethingiscertain,_(主题)itselfisneithergoodnorbad.Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdetermineitsvaluetooursociety.常用连接词常用连接词 比较对比关系过渡词语比较对比关系过渡词语 similarly,onthecontrary,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,otherwise,insharpcontrast,but,however,yet,nevertheless列举关系过渡词语列举关系过渡词语 asacaseinpoint,suchas,firstofall,tobeginwith,furthermore,besides,inaddition,foronething,foranother因果关系过渡词语因果关系过渡词语 because(of),since,for,owingto,thanksto,asaresultof,consequently,forthereasonthat,therefore,hence让步关系过渡词语让步关系过渡词语 although,eventhough,inspiteof,despite强调关系过渡词语强调关系过渡词语 surely,obviously,particularly,indeed,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall递进关系递进关系 inaddition,also,moreover,besides，whatsmore时间顺序时间顺序 immediately,meanwhile,presently,shortly,since,soon,temporarily,while方式手段方式手段 as,asif,theway，by目的关系目的关系 sothat,lest，inorderthat多样化句型多样化句型 1)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)TherearemanyreasonswhyIwanttostudyinyouruniversity.Itisestimatedthattensofbillionsofyuanisspentoncigaretteseveryyearinourcountry,whichisahugewaste.2)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等)Whenthemanisenjoyingthecigarette,thesmokebecomesamonster(怪物)whichwilldevourhim.Whateverthereason,therearestillsomeproblemswithstudentuseofcomputers.3)分词短语做定语或状语Mr.Kangcametoouruniversity,givingusalectureonhowtopreparefortheCETBand-4.4)强调句Itwashimwhogaveupmuchhopeforthefuture.5)倒装句Onlythroughthesemeasurescanwehopetosolvetheproblem.6)省略句Ifso,wehavetogiveitup.Ifnecessary.Whateverthereason.7)What句型Wetotallyagreewithwhatyouhavejustsaid.8)设问句Doyoustillremembertheboywhocriedwolfforseveraltimessonoonewouldtrusthim?写作常用句型写作常用句型 1、the+est+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)例句：HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr.ChangisthekindestteacherthatIhaveeverhad.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。2、Nothingis+erthanto+VNothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.没有比接受教育更重要的事。3、cannotemphasizetheimportanceoftoomuch.（再怎么强调重要性也不为过。）例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。4、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.（不可否认）例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.不可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。5、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子（全世界都知道）例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺。6、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子（毫无疑问）例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.毫无疑问我们的教育制度令人不满意。7、Anadvantageofisthat+句子（优点是）例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate(produce)anypollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。8、Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子（原因是）Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair./Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。9、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子（如此以致于）例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。10、Adj+as+Subject（主词）+be,S+V（虽然）Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。11、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+VThe+more+Adj+S+V,the+more+Adj+S+V（愈愈）例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，你愈进步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。12、By+Ving,can（借着，能够）例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。13、enable+Object（受词）+to+V（使能够）例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。14、Onnoaccountcanwe51Test+V（我们绝对不能）例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。15、Itistime+S+过去式（该是时候了）例句：Itistimetheauthorities