大米加工可行性研究报告.doc

various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.   Lesson81 Escape 脱逃 When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.    Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？ Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures  are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.   Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后 The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lane's Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Minister's house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper.' I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,' he shouted, 'Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad !' ' I know,' answered Crawley,' but I love to hear you say it !'    Lesson84 On strike 罢工 Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days' time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!   Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老 I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn.    Lesson86 Out of control 失控 As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.   Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据 'At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 o'clock train to London,' said the man. 'Do you always catch such an early train ?' asked the inspector. 'Of course I do,' answered the man.' I must be at work at 10.0 o'clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.' ' Would a later train get you to work on time ?' asked the inspector. ' I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.' 'At what time did you arrive at the station ?' 'At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.' 'And you didn't notice anything unusual ?' ' Of course not.' 'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 o'clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'   Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里 Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.    Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误 People will do anything to see a free show--even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen !'   lesson90 Whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？ Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reason that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazif in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been kept away from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.   Lesson91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮 A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of
一、总论
1.1概述
1.1.1 项目名称、承办单位及负责人
项 目 名 称： 安远乡年产2000吨优质大米加工厂建设
项目承办单位：宁化县佳穗米业有限公司
企业法人代表： ***（董事长）
项 目负责 人： ***（总裁）
项目建设地点： 福建省三明市宁化县安远乡
1.1.2 企业概况及发展优势
1、企业基本情况
宁化县佳穗米业有限公司创建于2001年10月,公司位于宁化县北山原无线电器材厂内,距离城区1公里,占地面积6000平方米.该企业是以粮食加工为主的农业产业化企业, 现已完成总投资515万元,拥有一条日产大米120吨在国内外领先水平的生产线，年产销大米36000吨，创产值9000万元。现企业职工人数26人，公司生产的“河龙贡米”、“客家优质米”系列产品投放市场深得消费者认可和青睐。
公司自成立以来，得到了政府、质监等部门的大力协助，在县质监局的帮助下，公司首先于2003年10月通过了QS食品生产许可证的评审，是我市首家获得QS证书的大米生产加工企业。2007年，公司生产的“穗利”牌大米获得福建省名牌产品称号。公司先后被省、市、县分别授予“福建省粮食行业协会放心粮油企业”的称号；农业产业化“市级龙头企业”的称号；“农业产业化先进龙头企业”的称号；市、县粮食局“定点粮食加工企业”；2003年10月，公司完成了“穗利”牌商标注册和条形码的登记。
公司历年来高度重视产品质量安全，建立健全质量管理体系，以人为本，依托粮食农产品专业化、规模化生产，引进先进工艺和技术设备，开展粮食产品精深加工，扩大再生产，把企业做大做强。以“打科技牌、走创业路、产优质米、连农民心”为宗旨，以生产无污染无公害的“放心米”为己任，为建设闽赣中部经济强县做出自己的贡献。
2、 项目优势
（1） 地域优势
安远乡位于福建省宁化县北部，地处闽赣两省四县八乡结合部。他东邻建宁县均口镇，南接宁化县河龙、水茜乡，北连建宁客坊、黄埠、伊家乡，西面与江西石城县高田镇和广昌县塘坊乡毗邻。平均海拔高程478米，乡所在地海拔高程400米。安远是三明市边贸乡镇，市场幅射人口约20万人。乡域面积280平方公里，辖有19个行政村和1个居委会，257个村落。总人口34909人，农业人口32968人，劳动力1.5万个。
（2）资源优势：
安远土地肥沃，物产，盛产粮食、素有“鱼米之乡”“宁化粮仓”的美誉。全乡现有耕地面积3.5万亩，水田55万亩，2003年粮食播种面积6万亩，水稻播种面积5万亩，总产量21108吨，占粮食总产量的85.9%，2004年优质稻播种面积达3.5万亩，预计总产达21000吨。2005年优质稻面积将4万亩。安远乡属中南亚热带北部和亚热带南部的过度带气候，兼有两个气候区的特征，夏有东南风受海洋性气候影响，冬季则西北风受冷空气影响，气候环境具有夏无酷暑、冬无严寒，温和湿润，四季分明和垂直分布的特点，年平均气温16.8℃，极端最高气温38℃，极端最低气温－7℃，全年平均≥10℃，活动积温5025℃，年平均降雨量1893.3mm，3－6月降雨量为1060－1120mm，年平均湿度84%，全乡都属丰水湿润区。无霜期242天，年平均日照时数1748小时。
（3）交通运输现状。
距宁化县城46公里，省道富下线（油路）通过乡政府驻地，近接建宁（46公里），泰宁（76公里，京福高速路在建）、邵武（120公里）。经南丰、南城、抚州可达江西鹰潭。经省际安塘公路（安远至广昌塘坊）40公里可上昌厦（南昌至厦门）高速公路。
（4）通讯、电力。
安远乡早于2002年农村电网改造，并入华东电网，加工用电可以。己了各行政村村村通电话，移动电话信号覆盖全乡，为项目建设信息交流和今后产品销售提供便利，对项目建设和管理提供了有利条件.
1.2项目提出的背景及建设的必要性
1.2.1项目提出的背景
1、 全球大米市场现状。测算，全球2002年大米产量为3.7986亿吨，2003年度全球大米产量预期3.9046亿吨，较上年度增1060万吨。在产量增幅缓慢的情况下，全球大米消费却在不断增长。缺口大米1200万吨。产需缺口，库存缺口，大米价格提升空间较大。
2、 国内大米市场现状。近年来，随着我国水稻种植结构的调整，稻谷的播面积和产量也逐年减少。资料显示，我国稻谷己连续4年减产，早稻减产则更为严重。今年国内早稻总产量预计为589亿斤，比上年减少17亿斤，而与稻谷减产相反，需求量却为稳步增长。主要原因是：①人口的增长，口粮的大米需求也在增加；②今年各地陈粮抛售量大，市场大米可售量缺口加大，据资料显示，近几年企业库存大量减少，粮食企业在新粮上市后急需补库，收购性较高。市场上大米可售量缺口加大；③我国在水稻种植技术上推广标准化生产技术，稻谷的品质和卫生安全质量提升，我国大米在国际市场上竞争力逐渐增大，大米出口量增加，己连续多年大规模的出口。据海关部署统计数据显示，2003年1-9月份全国累计出口大米188万吨，累计进口大米193万吨，净出进口69万吨。出口、进口之差加大了国内市场的缺口。
3、安远乡粮食加工现状。全乡稻谷加工厂仅有2家，年加工能力仅为1000吨，优质大米加工厂还很缺乏。　
1.2.2项目建设的必要性
1、 粮食是安天下的产业。国以民为本，民以食为天，农业是产粮的主业，无农不稳，无粮则乱，粮食是既有战略意义又有经济意义，粮食为经济发展、社会稳定物质，对人们生活农民的物质生活，建设小康社会打下的物质基础。
2、 优质大米符合人们消费需求。人们生活的，吃少吃好吃绿色产品人们的消费主流，大米是人的主食，普通大米的市场越来越窄，优质大米越来越受人们青睐，生产加工优质大米，是市场消费的需要。
3、 优质大米加工是农民收入的需要。粮食生产受自然条件、自然环境和市场的制约非常大。近几年来。农民增产不增收制约农业农村经济发展的问题。对大宗农副产品加工增值，是解决农产品增产不增收的唯一出路。
4、 发展粮食加工是财政收入的需要。安远是个工业基础薄弱的乡镇，工业对财政收入的率很低。农村税费改革工作的，直接从农产品中财税收入的性越来越小，走农产品深加工，把直接农产品工业转化为工业产品，财政才能利税收入.本项目先建种植基地，就地加工，了当前改革趋势，为解决安远财政增收难问题开辟了新的财源。
5、粮食生产和加工面临着发展的机遇。在我国大地方粮食农副产品价格自1998年的粮食价格上涨，为我国粮食改革环境，的粮食流通体制和运行机制，粮食购销市场化和市场主体，市场调节在粮食资源配置中的作用。，已加入世贸组织融入了全球一体经济。我国粮食生产，粮食的品质和卫生安全质量。粮食在国际市场上的竞争能力，使我国粮食价格在国际市场上的优势得以体现。粮食出口量，为我国粮食生产销售提共了广阔市场空间，当前粮价回升，出台一系列保护和粮食综合生产能力的政策措施，从人、财、物等的粮食生产体系倾斜，为粮食生产和加工的发展了的机遇。　　
综上所述，优质大米加工厂是非常必要的。　
二、市场需求预测和拟建设规模
（一） 市场需求预测：
大米在世界粮食产量中居第三位，仅次于玉米和小麦，是亚洲和非洲大部分国家的主食品种。受气候条件限制，大米的生长区域局限在气温高、水量充沛的地区。又由于热带和亚热带地区可做到一年二熟甚至三熟，大米的增产潜力很大。
1、国际大米市场预测。 根据美国农业部于2008年11月下旬发布的统计，2009/2010年度，世界水稻收获面积估计为1.517亿公顷，比上年度增长2.3%；水稻单产估计为3.99吨/公顷；世界大米产量估计为4.061亿吨，比上年度增长1%；由于年初库存较少，大米总供应量估计为4.789亿吨，比上年度下降2%。这是世界大米总供应连续第四年出现下降。中国大米产量估计为1.274亿吨，比上年度增长2%；孟加拉、缅甸、泰国、尼日利亚、澳大利亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡的大米产量也出现增长。相比之下，巴西、韩国、美国和欧盟25国的大米产量则出现减少。
2009/2010年度，世界大米消费量估计为4.142亿吨，比上年度减少100万吨。印度、日本和韩国大米消费下降幅度估计较大。
2008/2009年度，由于消费超过产量800万吨，世界大米年终库存估计为为6470万吨，比上年度下降11%。这是连续第五年世界大米年终库存出现下降，并且是自1982/1983年度以来数量最少的一年。全球库存/使用比率估计从上年度的17.5%下降至15.6%，是自1974/1975年度以来最低的一年。中国、巴西、越南和美国的大米年终库存下降幅度较大。
2009年，世界大米贸易量估计为2770万吨