比较级和比较结构.ppt
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1、比较等级与比较结构比较等级与比较结构Comparison and Comparative Construction讲解提纲讲解提纲形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级比较结构的三大类型比较结构的三大类型asasmorethanthe most比较结构的其它形式比较结构的其它形式形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级l三个等级:三个等级:原级原级 Positive/Absolute Degree比较级比较级 Comparative Degree最高级最高级 Superlative Degreel比较级和最高级的形式比较级和最高级的形式规则规则不规则不规则规则形式规则形式综合形式综合
2、形式Synthetic Form加后缀加后缀-er;-est分析形式分析形式Analytic Form在原级前加在原级前加more;most构成法构成法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级一般单音节词一般单音节词tallfasttallerfastertallestfastest结尾为辅音闭结尾为辅音闭音节单音节词音节单音节词bigbiggerbiggest双音节双音节clevercleverermore clevercleverestmost clever结尾为辅音字结尾为辅音字母母+y+y的双音节的双音节词词easyeasiereasiest多音节词多音节词importantmore impo
3、rtantmost important规则形式规则形式不规则形式不规则形式原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest没有比较等级的词语没有比较等级的词语right,wrong,excellent,perfect,final,whole,ultimate,entire,fatal,spontaneous,univeral,extreme,etc.比较结
4、构比较结构类型类型asasmorethanthe mostasas基本形式基本形式as+adj/adv原级原级+as 分句分句否定形式否定形式not so/as+adj/adv原级原级+as分句分句lessthanExamples:Examples:John is as bright as Bob.John is not as/so bright as Bob.John is less bright than Bob.asas变体形式变体形式as much/many+名词名词+as 分句分句e.g.He took as much butter as he needed.She has writ
5、ten as many essays as her brother.as+adj.原级原级+名词词组名词词组+as分句分句e.g.George is as efficient a worker as Jack.=George is a worker(who is)as efficient as Jack.基本用法基本用法主语不同,比较项目相同主语不同,比较项目相同(不同事物的同一方不同事物的同一方面面)e.g.The girl was as brilliant as her sister.John doesnt behave as/so politely as Bob.主语相同,比较项目不同(
6、同一事物的两个方主语相同,比较项目不同(同一事物的两个方面)面)e.g.The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.He is not so wise as he is witty.主语不同,比较项目也不同(不同事物的不同主语不同,比较项目也不同(不同事物的不同方面)方面)e.g.This swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honora
7、ble.asasasas与与 bad,muchbad,much连用时,常置于句首,连用时,常置于句首,引导让步状语从句。译为引导让步状语从句。译为“尽管尽管”:As/So bad as he is,he has his good points.As/So bad as he is,he has his good points.As As much as she hated cruelty,she couldnt much as she hated cruelty,she couldnt help watching the fight.help watching the fight.as as
8、good asgood as(此处不涉及比较级)此处不涉及比较级)=in effect,in effect,practically,practically,译为译为“实际上(等于)实际上(等于)”。例如。例如:What he said has as good as shown his attitude.What he said has as good as shown his attitude.They They have as good as promised to help us.have as good as promised to help us.The The patient is
9、as good as cured.patient is as good as cured.morethan基本形式基本形式adj/adv比较级比较级+than分句分句否定形式否定形式lessthannot so/as+adj/adv原级原级+as分句分句John is brighter than Bob.This car runs less fast than that one.(This car runs slower than that one.)This car doesnt run so/as fast as that one.比较级前可加数词表示确切的度量比较级前可加数词表示确切的度
10、量e.g.He is two inches taller than his father.He came twenty minutes earlier than the others.不定冠词不定冠词/零冠词零冠词+形容词比较级形容词比较级+n.+than分句分句e.g.John is a more efficient worker than Jack.=John is a worker more efficient than Jack.=John is more efficient a worker than Jack.My brother has a larger house than m
11、ine.=My brothers house is larger than mine.the+adj/adv比较级比较级+of词组词组 e.g.John is the brighter of the two boys.The black one is the better of the two pens.n只适用于两者比较只适用于两者比较morethan变体形式变体形式more/less of a+可数名词单数可数名词单数+than 分句分句e.g.He is more/less of a sportsman than his brother.=He is more/less sportsma
12、nlike than his brother.He was more of a fool than I thought he was.He was as much of a fool as I thought he was.He was too much of a fool.基本用法基本用法比较两个事物的同一方面比较两个事物的同一方面e.g.This task is much more difficult than last one.比较同一事物的两个方面比较同一事物的两个方面(“与其与其不如不如”)(与其说与其说John脑子灵活,不如说他胆子大脑子灵活,不如说他胆子大)e.g.John is
13、 more daring than quick-witted.The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.(当前的危机与其说是经济危机,不如说是政治当前的危机与其说是经济危机,不如说是政治危机危机)用用lesslessthanthan表示相反的含义表示相反的含义the most+比较范围比较范围适用于三个或三个以上事物进行比较适用于三个或三个以上事物进行比较 John is the brightest of the three boys.比较范围(比较范围(431):):可以为介词词组可以为介词词组也可
14、为关系分句或非限定分句也可为关系分句或非限定分句 Its the worst thing I ve ever known.=It cant be worse.George did the most work this morning.=George did more work this morning than anyone else.有些最高级结构并不是与其它事物相比有些最高级结构并不是与其它事物相比e.g.Please accept my deepest gratitude.I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.最高级最高级the most 的反
15、义的反义可用可用the least或原句形容词或副词的反义词的最高级或原句形容词或副词的反义词的最高级e.g.This is the least difficult book Ive ever read.=This is the easiest book Ive ever read.He behaved the least politely of the three.=He behaved the most rudely of the three.比较结构的其它形式比较结构的其它形式(1)A is to B what C is to D A对于对于B就像就像C对于对于D一样一样e.g.You
16、are to me what water is to life.Food is to men what oil is to machine.(2)not soasnot so muchas(lessthan)e.g.London isnt so large as Tokyo.=is smaller than It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.=I liked his appearance less than I liked his personality.=I liked his personality mor
17、e than I liked his appearance.Not so much.as 与其不如(否定前者,肯定后者)与其说成功在于运气,不如说在于辛勤劳动与其说他是个学者,不如说他是个书呆子。Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.He is not so much a scholar as a pedant(3)e.g.John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.Tom is better than John.John is as bad as Tom.not mo
18、re than 不多于不多于no more than 只是,仅仅只是,仅仅no richer than=as poor asno bigger than=as small asno more than 与与一样一样(不不);既不;既不也不也不(=not any more than)more than 不只是不只是e.g.A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.I would no more call you than I would write to you.=I would not call you,just as I would not writ
19、e to you.more more than than 的几种特殊用法:的几种特殊用法:“more“more than than+名名词词”=”=not not onlyonly,可可译译为为“不不仅仅仅仅”:But But work work is is more more than than accomplishment accomplishment and and pride in pride in being being able to command the job,able to command the job,但但是是工工作作不不仅仅仅仅是是成成就就和和能能够够胜胜任任工工作作
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