2008年宣城市宛溪河流域水立项建设环境综合整治工程打捆项目可行性研究报告.doc

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat.  The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it.  A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.  ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.'What are you doing ?' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late ? It's one o'clock!''Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of  Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.  My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西·巴顿斯I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.   Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚  The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened  the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!   Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!   Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.   Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.   Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来 I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Harry said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'   Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风 Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.   Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年 The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.   Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？ I had an amusing experience last year.  After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, 'Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!   Lesson 15 Good news 佳音  The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. 'Mr. Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice. 'Don't interrupt,' he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!   Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car:' Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!   Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻 My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, 'My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'   lesson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！ After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. 'Did you have a good meal ?' he asked. 'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.' The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. 'I'm very sorry,' he said ' My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.'   Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完 'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.   'It may have begun already,' Susan answered. 'I hurried to the ticket-office. 'May I have two tickets please ?' I asked. 'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said. 'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed. Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office. 'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked. 'Certainly,' the girl said. 'Could I have those two tickets please ?' I asked. 'Certainly, 'the girl said, 'but they are for next Wednesday's performance. 'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.   Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟 Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.' It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !   Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？ Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.   Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封 My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster.    Lesson23 A new house 新居 I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now  living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed
1 城市概述

1.1 自然条件
1.1.1 地理区位
宣城市位于长江以南，黄山以北，地处皖南山区余脉与长江中下游冲积平原结合地带，皖东南门户。市域总面积为12340平方公里，地跨东经117°58'~119°40'和北纬30°17'-31°19'。东邻江苏和浙江的溧阳市、宜兴市、湖州市和杭州市，南接黄山市，西滨芜湖市，北界马鞍山市，全市总人口约274.2万人，人口密度为222.8人/平方公里。市区东距杭州240公里，南距黄山市198公里，北距南京194公里，芜湖76公里，距省会合肥213公里。
市区现辖七个街道办事处(鳌峰、济川、澄江、西林、敬亭山、双桥和飞彩)，建成区面积35.85平方公里，市区总人口35.5万人，宣城市位于我国经济最归达的长江三角洲影响第二圈人，接受沪杭经济辐射强烈。同时与皖江经济带最重要的中心城市芜湖仅距76公里。
宣城市市区是皖赣铁路与宣杭铁路的交汇点，同时又是两条高速公路——318国道和合杭高速的对接城市。芜湖长江大桥和318高速公路的建设使宣城从公路、铁路北至合肥，东至杭州，南至黄山均有便捷通路。水阳江的水运可直达芜湖通往长江黄金水道。
宣城市是沪、浙地区通往皖南旅游线与皖西——皖东南旅游线的交叉点上。随着旅游事业的发展，对宣城市经济发展的城乡建设也将有更强的带动作用。
1.1.2 地势地貌
宣城市现代地貌格局基本上受地质构造控制，地势南高北低，地貌复杂多样。大致可分为山地、丘陵、山间盆地、岗地、平原等五种类型。南部山地、丘陵和盆谷交错，海拔高程一般200~1000 米；中部丘陵岗冲起伏，高程一般15~100 米；北部除一部分破碎的丘陵外，绝大部分为广袤的平原和星罗棋布的河湖港汊，圩区地面高程一般为7~12 米，其中郎川河沿岸部分圩区在12 米以上，宣城市区金宝圩心最低处仅有5 米左右。
宣城市规划区范围内总的地势是西南高、东北低，地形复杂且起伏不平。城区地面高程一般在12~76m（吴淞高程系，下同），最高达88m。市区西北部2km有敬亭山，主峰海拔317m；西南部为丘陵地带，岗峦起伏，沟冲交错，平均地形坡度在6~10%，平均海拔22~76m；东南部为水阳江冲击而成的平畈区，水网密布，地势低洼，地面高程大都在设计洪水位以下。
1.1.3 水文地质
宣城市水资源包括河川径流、地下水和太平湖过境径流三个部分，境内河流分属长江、钱塘江流域，包括水阳江、青弋江、太湖、新安江等水系。全市年均径流量93.16亿立方米，青弋江、水阳江贯穿本市流入长江。青弋江在区内的主要支流有：徽水、孤峰河、琴溪河、包合河、茂林河、周寒河等。水阳江主要支流有西津河、东津河、中津河、华阳河、郎川河、宛溪河等。
城区内主要河流有水阳江及其一级支流宛溪河，二级支流板桥河、桐梓岗河、青溪河、梅溪河、泥河、道叉河、白马河及官塘河；青弋江二级支流长桥河。
水阳江属长江水系，发源于皖浙交界的天目山，上游由东津河、中津河和西津河三条支流在河沥溪汇合（汇口以上流域面积2580km2），汇口以下始称水阳江。流经汪溪、水东、孙家埠、宣城市区东郊，左岸汇华阳河（流域面积286km2）、宛溪河（流域面积330km2），右岸汇郎川河（流域面积2526km2）等支流，过新河庄、水阳镇、花津等地，经南漪湖、固城湖和丹阳湖调蓄后由当涂太平口注入长江，流域面积10305km2。水阳江干流在东郊杨家嘴处（宣城水文站下游2km处）右岸有双桥河分流直接入南漪湖，洪水期的分流比约占宣城水文站以上干流的25%。
依据宣城市环境保护规划，水阳江属地表Ⅲ类水区域，其主要水文参数如下：
年平均流量 80.4m3/s
年最大月平均流量 489m3/s
年最小月平均流量 1.36m3/s
常年水位 8.2-8.3m
最高水位 17.46m（水文站，1996年6月30日）
最低水位 5.8m
历史最大洪峰流量 7700m3/s（1996年6月30日）
最大流速 3.4m/s
最小流量 0m3/s（有六年出现过断流，时间最长达34天，1978年8月8日-9月11日）
港口湾水库建成后，50年一遇设计洪水位：
水阳江段北门 14.88m
东溪桥 15.48m
水文站 16.58m
设计下泄流量 200m3/s
宛溪河为水阳江左岸的一级支流，发源于宣城市东南部周王和新田交界的青峰山，自城区西南穿城而过，于北门三汊河处注入水阳江，流域面积330km2。主干河道（高速~北门）长5.7km，其干流在响山以上有板桥河、桐梓岗河和青溪河3条支流（合计集水面积291.8km2）汇于响山至夏渡镇以南的开阔地段；响山以下又有左侧的梅溪河、道汊河，右侧的泥河相继汇入后至城区北门入水阳江。
青溪河、梅溪河、道叉河和泥河为主城区的四条小溪流，均属于水阳江的二级支流，有的已成为纳污河道，淤积也很严重。青溪河由五条小支流汇流而成，汇流面积86.5km2，从响山南面汇入宛溪河。梅溪河发源于敬亭山，汇水面积9.05km2，于南门大桥汇入宛溪河。道叉河发源于敬亭山，汇水面积8.38km2，于济川桥北汇入