kinect-windowshardware和sdk概述--外文文献翻译.doc
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1、外文翻译Kinect for WindowsHardware and SDK OverviewIn this chapter we will define the key notions and tips for the following topics: Critical hardware components of the Kinect for Windows device and theirfunctionalities, properties, and limits Software architecture defining the Kinect SDK 1.6Motion comp
2、uting and Kinect.Before getting Kinect in motion, lets try to understand what motion computing(or motion control computing) is and how Kinect built its success in this area.Motion control computing is the discipline that processes, digitalizes, anddetects the position and/or velocity of people and o
3、bjects in order to interact withsoftware systems.Motion control computing has been establishing itself as one of the most relevanttechniques for designing and implementing a Natural User Interface (NUI).NUIs are human-machine interfaces that enable the user to interact in a natural waywith software
4、systems. The goals of NUIs are to be natural and intuitive. NUIs arebuilt on the following two main principles: The NUI has to be imperceptible, thanks to its intuitive characteristics:(a sensor able to capture our gestures, a microphone able to capture ourvoice, and a touch screen able to capture o
5、ur hands movements). All theseinterfaces are imperceptible to us because their use is intuitive. The interface is not distracting us from the core functionalities of our software system.Kinect for WindowsHardware and SDK Overview The NUI is based on nature or natural elements. (the slide gesture, th
6、e touch,the body movements, the voice commandsall these actions are natural and not diverting from our normal behavior).NUIs are becoming crucial for increasing and enhancing the user accessibility forsoftware solution. Programming a NUI is very important nowadays and it will continue to evolve in t
7、he future.Kinect embraces the NUIs principle and provides a powerful multimodal interface to the user. We can interact with complex software applications and/or video games simply by using our voice and our natural gestures. Kinect can detect our body position, velocity of our movements, and our voi
8、ce commands. It can detect objects position too.Microsoft started to develop Kinect as a secret project in 2006 within the Xbox division as a competitive Wii killer. In 2008, Microsoft started Project Natal, named after the Microsoft General Manager of Incubation Alex Kipmans hometown in Brazil. The
9、projects goal was to develop a device including depth recognition, motion tracking,facial recognition, and speech recognition based on the video recognition technologydeveloped by PrimeSense. Kinect for Xbox was launched in November 2010 and its launch was indeed asuccess: it was and it is still a b
10、reak-through in the gaming world and it holds theGuinness World Record for being the fastest selling consumer electronics deviceahead of the iPhone and the iPad.In December 2010, PrimeSense () released a set of open sourcedrivers and APIs for Kinect that enabled software developers to develop Window
11、s applications using the Kinect sensor. Finally, on June 17 2011 Microsoft launched the Kinect SDK beta, which is a set of libraries and APIs that enable us to design and develop software applications on Microsoft platforms using the Kinect sensor as a multimodal interface. With the launch of the Ki
12、nect for Windows device and the Kinect SDK, motion control computing is now a discipline that we can shape in our garages, writing simple and powerful software applications ourselves. This book is written for all of us who want to develop market-ready software applications using Kinect for Windows t
13、hat can track audio and video and control motion based on NUI. In an area where Kinect established itself in such a short span of time, there is the need to consolidate all the technical resources and develop them in an appropriate way: this is our zero-to-hero Kinect in motion journey. This is what
14、 this book is about.This book assumes that you have a basic knowledge of C# and that we all have a great passion to learn about programming for Kinect devices. This book can be enjoyed by anybody interested in knowing more about the device and learning howto track audio and video using the Kinect fo
15、r Windows Software Development Kit (SDK) 1.6. We deeply believe this book will help you to master how to process videodepth and audio stream and build market-ready applications that control motion.This book has deliberately been kept simple and concise, which will aid you toquickly grasp the core an
16、d critical concepts.Before jumping on the core of audio and visual tracking with Kinect for Windows,lets take the space of this introduction chapter to understand what the hardware and software architectures Kinect for Windows and its SDK 1.6 use.Hardware overviewThe Kinect device is a horizontal ba
17、r composed of multiple sensors connected to a base with a motorized pivot.The following image provides a schematic representation of all the main Kinect hardware components. Looking at the Kinect sensor from the front, from the outside it is possible to identify the Infrared (IR) Projector (1), the
18、RGB camera (3), and thedepth camera (2). An array of four microphones (6), the three-axis accelerometer (5),and the tilt motor (4) are arranged inside the plastic case.The device is connected to a PC through a USB 2.0 cable. It needs an external power supply in order to work because USB ports dont p
19、rovide enough power.Now lets jump in to the main features of its components.The IR projectorThe IR projector is the device that Kinect uses for projecting the IR rays that are used for computing the depth data. The IR projector, which from the outside looks like a common camera, is a laser emitter t
20、hat constantly projects a pattern of structured IR dots at a wavelength around of 830 nm (patent US20100118123, Prime Sense Ltd.).This light beam is invisible to human eyes (that typically respond to wavelengths from about 390 nm to 750 nm) except for a red bright dot in the center of emitter.The pa
21、ttern is composed by 3 x 3 subpatterns of 211 x 165 dots (for a total of 633 x 495 dots). In each subpattern, one spot is much brighter than all the others.As the dotted light (spot) hits an object, the pattern becomes distorted, and thisdistortion is analyzed by the depth camera in order to estimat
22、e the distancebetween the sensor and the object itself.Depth cameraThe depth camera is a (traditional) monochrome CMOS (complementarymetal-oxide-semiconductor) camera that is fitted with an IR-pass filter(which is blocking the visible light). The depth camera is the device thatKinect uses for captur
23、ing the depth dataThe depth camera is the sensor returning the 3D coordinates (x, y, z) of the scene as a stream. The sensor captures the structured light emitted by the IR projector and the light reflected from the objects inside the scene. All this data is converted in to a stream of frames. Every
24、 single frame is processed by the PrimeSense chip that produces an output stream of frames. The output resolution is upto 640 x 480 pixels.Each pixel, based on 11 bits, can represent 2048 levels of depth.The RGB cameraThe RGB camera is similar to a common color webcam, but unlike a common webcam, th
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