传统发酵技术的应用测试题.doc

up, and members cadres shoe vocational due diligence combined up, ensure successfully completed early determine of the target task, ensure successfully completed levels leadership general task, ensure successfully completed poverty storming annual target task, ensure social overall harmony stable. Three, compacting the main responsibilities and strengthen the two leadership of educational organizations do a good job two education without a strong organization and leadership. Party construction of party organizations at all levels should firmly establish the main consciousness, grasping party building as the first responsibility, strengthen leadership, demonstrable, scientific to ensure solid education effectively. First, the layers of responsibility. Party committees (leading party group) to study education as a major political task, primary responsibility for effective implementation, strengthen leadership, carefully guiding the Steering, do a good job overall, study and solve problems in a timely manner. Progress evaluation by the grass-roots party building this year, to study education as the primary evaluation organizations, poor organization, the problems are many, to criticize, to accountability. Main is responsible for comrade to consciously bear up first responsibility people duties, not only to tube good cadres, and with good team, also to tube good members, and with good team, both first examples, lead participate in learning education, and by Qian command, input enough of time and energy, strengthened Guide and checks role, on work programme personally validation, on important task personally deployment, on exists problem timely solution, throughout put responsibility carry in shoulder Shang, improper shuaishouzhanggui. The County party Committee and municipal party Committee municipal workers, Various enterprises and institutions, Commission, party committees and departments in charge of industry practice, develop specific implementation plan, organizing special forces responsible for educational work to strengthen this unit to the system study and education in the region specific guidance. Organization departments, as the lead department, to strengthen the planning, organization, coordination and guidance, good design, decomposition, each key action to implement. Carry out study and education, to rely on strict doc real guide, pressure conveying layer upon layer, step by step, compaction of responsibility. In steering the Steering must prevent formalism, catch the way the thinking of prevention activities, study and education, preventing routine aside, prevent simple, doing as much as meeting notes to judge the educational results. To take reports, customized research, attending the meeting, random spot checks, briefings and other means, to focus the push Guide to grassroots, on the party branch, in-depth understanding of education and actual effect, sum up fresh experience to promote grass roots, to detect and correct the signs of problems. Public information传统发酵技术的应用测试题一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分）1在制作馒头时，可采用小苏打或者通过酵母菌发酵的方法使馒头松软，请问这两种方法中，馒头中的营养和所含有的能量情况相比较最可能的是（ ）1A后者所含营养丰富、能量少 B后者所含营养单一、能量少C前者所含营养丰富、能量多 D两者所含营养和能量相同2酿酒用的酵母菌既可进行有性生殖，又可进行出芽生殖，二者相比，前者特有的是A基因突变 B基因重组 C染色体变异 D不可遗传的变异3果酒的制作离不开酵母菌，在配制酵母菌的培养基时，常添加一定浓度的葡萄糖液，如果葡萄糖浓度过高，反而会抑制酵母菌的生长。其原因最可能是（ ）1 A葡萄糖被合成了淀粉 B酵母菌细胞失水C改变了培养液的pHD酵母菌发生了变异4甲、乙两组等量酵母菌。甲组酵母菌进行有氧呼吸，乙组酵母菌进行酒精发酵。若它们消耗了等量的葡萄糖，则它们释放的二氧化碳和吸收的氧气的比为（ ）1A1：1B3：0C6：0D4：35下列哪项操作会引起发酵液受污染，使发酵失败（ ）1A榨汁机用温水进行清洗，并晾干 B发酵瓶先用温水清洗，再用75%的酒精擦拭后晾干使用C葡萄先去除枝梗，再冲洗多次 D每次排气时，只需拧松瓶盖，不能将盖完全揭开6酒厂在利用酵母菌酿酒的过程中，经检测活菌数量适宜，但却不产生酒精，应该采取的措施是A降低温度B隔绝空气 C加缓冲液 D加新鲜培养基 7、酵母菌无氧呼吸产生A摩尔的CO2。，人在正常情况下消耗同样量的葡萄糖，可形成CO2( )1 A2/5 A摩尔 B1/12 A摩尔 C6A摩尔 D3A摩尔8、制果醋时，要适时通过充气口进行充气是因为 ( )1 A醋酸菌是好氧菌，将酒精变成醋酸时需要O2的参与 B酵母菌进行酒精发酵时需要O2。 C通气，防止发酵液霉变 D防止发酵时产生的CO2气体过多而引起发酵瓶的爆裂9毛霉的代谢类型是（ ）2A自养需氧型 B异养需氧型 C异养厌氧型 D异养兼性厌氧型10在腐乳发酵中，具有调味、促进发酵和食品防腐功能的是（ ）2花椒 大蒜 茴香 桂皮 生姜 红曲红霉素A B C D11、为了让豆腐上更多更快地长出毛霉，所需的条件是( )2 A温度为1518，干燥环境 B温度为1518，用水浸泡豆腐 C温度为1518，并保持一定湿度 D温度为25，并保持一定湿度12、在用盐腌制腐乳的过程中，若盐的浓度过低，会出现( )2 A口味太淡 B不足以抑制微生物生长，导致豆腐腐败 C重量减轻，影响经济效益 D会影响腐乳的风味及质量13在果酒、果醋及泡菜制作过程中，所用原料的有机物总（质）量及有机物种类的变化（ ）3A减少、增加B减少、减少C增加、增加D增加、减少14在制作泡菜时，蒜瓣、生姜及其他香辛料放在（ ）3A坛底 B坛中间 C坛表面D与泡菜混合均匀，分布在整个坛内15泡菜发酵的微生物主要是乳酸菌，而在发酵初期，水槽内经常有气泡产生，这些气泡产生的原因及成分分别是（ ）3A乳酸菌是兼性厌氧型微生物，初期进行有氧呼吸产生CO2；气体为CO2B因腌制过程中的盐进入蔬菜使蔬菜体积缩小，气体被排出；气体为空气C发酵初期活动强烈的是酵母菌，其利用氧产生的气体为CO2D乳酸菌在发酵过程中产生了热量，使坛内温度升高，空气受热膨胀排出；气体为空气16测定泡菜样品中亚硝酸盐的含量时，氢氧化铝乳液的作用是（ ）3A与亚硝酸盐发生颜色反应 B提取泡菜样品中的亚硝酸盐C吸附泡菜汁中的杂质，使泡菜汁透明澄清D用于制备标准显色液17制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量的操作中，制备样品处理液不需要的溶液是（ ）3 A蒸馏水B氢氧化钠C亚硝酸钠D氢氧化铝18在制果酒、果醋、泡菜、腐乳时，发酵过程中对氧气的需求分别是（ ）3A无氧、有氧、无氧、有氧B有氧、无氧、无氧、有氧C无氧、有氧、有氧、无氧D兼氧、无氧、有氧、无氧19泡菜的制作过程中，许多乳酸菌产生大量乳酸，共同抑制其它菌的生长，乳酸积累过多，又会抑制乳酸菌自身的生长，以上体现出的生物关系依次是A种内互助、种内斗争、种间斗争 B种内互助、种间斗争、种内斗争C种内斗争、种间斗争、种内互助 D种间斗争、种内斗争、种内互助20（00广东）缺乏有氧氧化酶系统的乳酸菌，其主要的能源物质为A蛋白质 B葡萄糖 C乳酸 D脂肪二、多选题（3分10=30分）21（99广东）在适宜的温度条件下，在下列装置中都放入干酵母（内有活酵母菌），其中不适于产生酒精的装置是 1加入水加入葡萄糖和水加入葡萄糖加入葡萄糖和水并不断搅拌加入水加入葡萄糖和水加入葡萄糖加入葡萄糖和水并不断搅拌A B C D22（02上海）下列细胞器在其生命活动过程中均可产生水的是A核糖体 B叶绿体 C中心体 D线粒体23下列物质中，醋酸菌细胞内具有的是1A葡萄糖 B脱氧核糖 C核糖 D纤维素24（04上海）细菌繁殖中可能发生的是A有丝分裂 BDNA复制 C细胞壁形成 D蛋白质合成25（01广东河南）酵母菌的细胞质基质是细胞结构的重要组成部分，下列生物化学反应不是在在细胞质基质中进行的是1A葡萄糖的无氧分解 B丙酮酸的氧化分解 CRNA的合成 D各种酶的合成26在腐乳发酵过程中下列有关毛霉的作用，正确的是（ ）2 A将多糖分解成葡萄糖 B将蛋白质分解成小分子的肽和氨基酸 C将脂肪水解成甘油和脂肪酸 D将核酸分解成核苷酸27、在制作腐乳的过程中，需要加一些盐，下列哪项是盐的作用( )2 A析出豆腐中的水分，使豆腐变硬 B抑制微生物的生长 C调制腐乳的口味 D主要增加腐乳的重量，获取更多的利润28制作下列发酵食品时，需用用香辛料的是（ ）3 A果酒B腐乳C泡菜 D豆豉29下列关于检验发酵产物的说法中，不正确的是（ ）3A果汁发酵是否产生酒精，不可用重铬酸钾检验B检验醋酸产生的的简单易行的方法是品尝或用pH试纸测定C泡菜制作中亚硝酸盐的含量不能确定D测定果酒、果醋的产生和亚硝酸盐的含量均可用品尝法30、下列关于乳酸菌的叙述，正确的是( )3 A乳酸菌的种类很多，常见的有乳酸链球菌和乳酸杆菌 B在自然界中分布广泛，空气土壤、植物体表、人和动物的肠道内均有 C乳酸菌是兼性厌氧生物 D乳酸菌是严格厌氧微生物选择题答题处：单选：1234567891011121314151617181920多选：21222324252627282930二、非选择题（共30分）31下图表示大气中氧的浓度对酵母菌细胞内CO2产生的影响，请据图回答ABC051000152025O2%CO2释放的相对值（1）A点表示酵母菌组织释放的CO2较多，这些CO2是 的产物。（2）由A到B，CO2的释放量急剧减少，其原因是 。（3）由B到C，CO2的释放量又不断增加，其主要原因是 。（4）为了有利于减少有机物的消耗，氧气浓度应调节到图中的那一点所对应的浓度？ 。采取这一措施的理由是 。 32将酵母菌研磨离心分离后，得到上清液（含细胞质基质）和沉淀物（含细胞器）。将等量的上 清液、沉淀物和未经离心的匀分别放入甲、乙、丙三只试管中进行下列实验，请回答：（1）实验一：向三只试管分别滴加等量的葡萄糖溶液，3只试管中的最终产物分别是：甲 ；乙 ；丙 。（2）实验二：向三只试管分别滴加等量的丙酮酸，三支试管的最终产物是：甲 ；乙 ；丙 。（3）实验三：在隔绝空气的情况下，重复实验一，3支试管的最终产物是：甲 ；乙 ；丙 。（4）实验二：向三只试管分别滴加等量的荧光素（荧火虫尾部提取的可发光物质）重复实验一和实验三，从理论上讲，发光最强的是实验 中的 试管。供选答案（A）水和二氧化碳（B）乙醇和二氧化碳（C）水（D）无反应33、下面是家庭酿酒的具体操作过程：先将米煮熟，待冷却至30时，加少许水和一定量的酵母 菌菌种，与米饭混匀后置于一瓷坛内并在米饭中挖一洞，加盖后置于适当的地方保温（28）， 一段时间后即成。现请你从以下几个方面对其发酵过程作一简单的分析。（1）在米饭中间挖一个洞的目的是增加_的含量，保证酵母菌在一开始时进行_，从而有利于酵母菌数量的增加。（2）请你在左图的坐标上画出发酵坛内酵母菌种群数量变化的曲线。（3）在家庭酿酒过程中，产生大量的水，这些水的主要来源是_。（4）上述过程中，酵母菌所进行的两种代谢若消耗等物质的量的营养物质（葡萄糖），所产生的气体的体积之比为_。（5）请你在右图的坐标中绘出发酵坛内有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸此消彼长的变化过程的曲线图，用实线和虚线分别表示有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸。34写出酵母菌进行有氧呼吸的反应式： 。 酵母菌在无氧条件下，进行酒精发酵的反式： 。 醋酸菌将乙醇变为醋酸的反应式 。 乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵的反应式 。35某小组利用微生物制造酸奶（已知微生物的最适温度为3844）。该小组的活动记 录如下：3实验目的：（略） 实验仪器：（略）实验材料：2杯不加糖的酸奶（品牌不同，呈果冻状）、l L牛奶实验步骤：消毒：将l L牛奶放在锅内加热至82接近沸腾，然后在3只已消毒的0.5L广口瓶中各倒入等量牛奶，标明“A”、“B”、“C”。加菌种：分别在A、B两个广口瓶中加入40mL两种不同品牌的酸奶，并搅拌均匀；在C瓶中加入40mL。水也混合均匀。发酵：将3只瓶的瓶口封好，放到事先已加热至3840的烘箱内。保持恒温l h。观察：l h后，每隔30min对瓶中情况观测一次，如果瓶中的牛奶已经凝固呈果冻状便说明酸奶已做好。回答下列问题：（1）制酸奶利用的主要微生物是 ，其新陈代谢类型是 ，能否用微波炉制酸奶? 。理由是 。（2）某小组同学按上述操作，一段时间后，在A、B瓶中均未品尝到两个原有品牌酸奶的味道，C瓶还有点馊味。请分析其失败的原因。专题1 传统发酵技术的应用测试题参考答案：单选1-20：ABBDC BDADD CBABC CCABB 21-30：BCD ABD ABC BCD BCD BC ABC BCD ACD ABD31（1）无氧呼吸 （2）氧气增加，无氧呼吸受到抑制（3）氧气充足时有氧呼吸加强，CO2释放量增多 （4）B点所对应的浓度。这时无氧呼吸已明显降低，同时有氧呼吸还很弱，糖类等有机物分解得最慢。32（1）BDA （2）BAA （3）BDB （4）一 丙33（1）氧气，有氧呼吸（2）如图所示 （5）如图所示 (3) 有氧呼吸产生水（4）3：1（或1：3）34.略：见课本35（39）（1）乳酸杆菌 异养厌氧型 绝对不能 这是因为微波能破坏细胞内核酸、蛋白质等分子的结构，使乳酸菌失活（2）在A、B瓶中均未品尝到两个原有晶牌酸奶的味道，是由于在加菌种时未冷却，高温杀死了两种不同晶牌酸奶中的乳酸菌，所以A、B瓶中并无乳酸菌的发酵过程，牛奶并未变成酸奶。而C瓶则可能是水中含的其他微生物经发酵使牛奶变馊在现代社会里要维持一个家庭并不容易，尤其是能使一个家庭过上好日子更不容易。因为过日子不可避免地要涉及必要的经济负担departments should pay special attention to public opinion, in-depth information relating to provincial, municipal and Central decisions and arrangements to promote educational effectiveness and progress of the typical experience, and create a good social atmosphere. Second, persevering in above rates. Leading bodies at all levels, leadership, leading cadres should take the lead, as a good example, and asking others to do you first do it, asks of others and not themselves determined not to do, for example of superior to subordinate, team leader for team members for example, level to level, level with levels, layers of driven model, layer upon layer, formation of the shots, the overall general effect of linkage. Need stressed of is, regardless of what ranks, and what post of members leaders, are to to General members identity put himself pendulum in, seriously implementation Central and provincial, and municipal on learning education of the requirements, strictly implementation double organised, basic system, lead learning discussion, lead on experience, and told party lecture, and for report, lead participate in organised will, and democratic comments, lead shoe vocational due diligence, and based post for contribution, do four told four has of qualified Communist, strive to makes learning research more in-depth, and check pendulum problem more deep , To reorganize the implementation of more radical, avant-garde more respectable image, thus learning education effective. Third, strengthen the guidance. The education for all members, large personnel base, wide field, hierarchy, difference, and to differentiate between counties, departments, grass-roots units, all kinds of party organization and party member between the actual characteristics of hierarchical classification positions put forward measures to prevent flood irrigation. To have operable. Each party should develop specific programmes and specific measures, education principles and learning requirements into operational, able to put in place ways. To grasp from the specific work, hard, catching fine practice, with concrete results to verify the educational results. Should be targeted. Different party members ideological trends and behaviors, differential treatment in education, precision application policy, key starts locks, down to learn and do the measures each party member, enabling them to access to education, improve, make people feel Members of the new changes. To reflect the difference. No uniform, thousands of people, and give expression differences, characteristics. In determining the learning when the topic was discussed, according to different characteristics and existing problems of party members, both closely linked to the theme, and reality, let party members learn, on the up. Do qualified Communist of standard also cannot uniform, County above members leaders standard to more high more strict, to insisted loyalty clean play, do Jiao Yulu type of good cadres; on County following the field the industry of members to- 5 -