主谓一致语法总结.doc

主谓一致语法总结
----安顺一中曹方平供稿

一． 就近原则：在 not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。

例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.
　　 2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.
二． 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。

例： 1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .
　　 2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .

三． 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.
　　 2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)

四． 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例： 1.Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class.
　　 2.Someone is expecting you at the school gate .

但 none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。

例： None of them are / is interested in local music.

另外：当 every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。

例： 1.Each student is preparing for the final examination now.
　　 2.Every boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment.
　　 3.No teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place .
　　 4.They each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语，谓语由主语they确定)

五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。

例： 1.Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。
　　 2.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .

但算式做主语时，谓语用单数，复数都可以。

例： 1.Four times five is / are twenty. ( Four times five make /makes twenty .)

六． 当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。但由 and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数，表示不同的两件事。

例： 1.whether he succeeds or fails doesn't concern me . (他成功或失败与我无关)
　　 2.Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage.
　　 3.To say something is one thing, to do it is another.
　　 4.To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.

另外：当 what, all (that) 或such 引导的句子做主语时，谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.

例： 1.What he wants is some advice on how to learn English, while what he looks forward to are some English dictionaries.
　　 2.All that they ask for are vegetables, fruits , quilts and clothes .
　　 3.Such are the things I often do in a day.
　　 4.Such is my best friend Mary.

七． 当一个复数名词用做书名，人名，学科名或报刊名时，谓语用单数。

例： 1.Guiliver's Travels is a novel written by Jonathan Swift .（ 格列佛游记 ）
　　 2.The Times is a very helpful newspaper for our studies . （泰晤士报）

八． 定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。

例： 1.She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.
　　 2.They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540's / 1540s.

九． 在强调句中，强调主语时，后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。

例： 1.I am in the search for my missing gold ring .
其强调句为： It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring .

十．几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。

A. 当and 与 both…and …连接两个主语时，一般用复数的谓语。但如果由and并列的两个主语是指同一人时，此时后面一个主语没有冠词，其谓语用单数，表示一 个人具有双重身份。若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，谓语则用复数。

例： 1.The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture .
　　 2.The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.

B. " the +形容词 / 分词 "做主语表一类人时，谓语一般用复数；但 the rest 要看它代表的东西来确定。
例： 1.The wounded are being done first aid beside the road now .
　　 2..She has taken some of the vegetables. The rest are still on the table .
　　 3.He has eaten up some of the cheese . The rest has gone bad .
　　 4.The rest of the story was wonderfully moving and I was moved to tears

C． many 修饰主语时，谓语用复数。但 "many a… , more than one +单数名词"（意为"不只一个"），虽说具有复数意义，但谓语仍用单数。

例： 1.Many students have made that mistake before .
　　 2.Many a student has made that mistake before .
　　 3.More than one student has made that mistake before .

D. 当trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes, socks, gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时， 谓语一般用复数。但若与 a pair of, a kind of 等连用时，谓语用单数。

例： 1.His trousers are torn into pieces in the bike accident .
　　 2.This pair of trousers belongs to my sister . Mine are being washed .

主谓一致专练

1．----_______ either he or I proud of the job ?
　 -----Neither he nor you __________.
A. Am, are B. Is, are C. Are, are D. Am, is

2. A knife and fork ______ lying on the floor .
A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees

3.The factory, including its equipments and buildings ,____burnt last night .
A. is B. are C. was D. were

4 .I, who _____ your close friend, will share your joys and sorrows ( 悲伤).
A. was B. are C. is D. am

5. Over 70 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers .
A. is B. are C. has D. have

6. Some person ______asking for you at the entrance to the cinema .
A. will be B. is being C. is D. are

7.The rest of the novel _______ very wonderful and instructive .
A. were B. are C. is D. seem

8.Every means ______ tried, but there is no absolute result yet.
A. have been B. has been C. will be D. were

9.What I want ______ an interesting book while what he expects _____ two cups of coffee .
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are

10.A teacher, together with four students, ______ sent to help with this research the next week .
A. was B. has C. were D. are

11.He lost one of the books which ______borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. were B. was C. had D. have

12.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, ________a party at home now.
A. are having B. is have C. is holding D. are holding

13.The 26th Olympic Games ______ held successfully .
A. is B. will be C. are D. were

14.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were

15.On each side of the road ________ a lot of tall trees .
A. stands B. is standing C. grow D. is growing

16.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time .
A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed

17.When and where to build the new first aid center _______ yet.
A. hasn't been decided B. doesn't decided
C. haven't been decided D. aren't decided

18.The United Nations _________ in 1959 .
A. were found B. were founded C. was found D. was founded

19.Each teacher and each scientist _______ invited to take part in the conference.
A. are B. was C. has D. were

20.One and a half apples _______ left on the table .
A. are B. is C. has D. have

（参考答案：BACDB CCBAA ACDDC BADBA/B ）