宾语从句详细讲解与习题练习.doc

(完整word)宾语从句详细讲解与习题练习
Unit 5 学案
（1）
令某人惊讶的是 take place
对某事感到羞愧 deal with
以……。结束 turn…into
以……。开始 make a wish
在……的帮助下 several days later
在去……的路上 pick up
传统音乐会 pick sb up
制定计划 go hiking
淘汰 climb the mountain
与……。重新团聚 first triumph
决定做某事 find out
邀请某人做某事 walk past
打扫干净 be afraid of
感到尴尬和内疚 fill in
集中于 sign up
注意 watch your head
翻译
It is quite possible.

I seldom play tennis.

Many years have passed, but I still wondered what I saw that day

Looking forward to seeing you soon！

我认为我们应该先制定一个计划

你能告诉我游客什么时候达到吗？

Mike说他自己来处理这件事情

你能告诉我去颐和园要多长时间吗？

学案（2）
宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构例句：he gave me a book，类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句），在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句时态
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态.
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time。
3.宾语从句表示一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound。[1］

一、    宾语从句的连接词:
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词:that (that 常可省略）,whether, if
代词：who， whose， what ，which
副词：when ，where， how, why 等.
1、  连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
eg。 He knew (that） he should work hard.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that） you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省.
例句：Just then I noticed， for the first time， that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time。
2、  连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present。
   He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
  ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided。
②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain。
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 只能用whether，
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1、if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果"
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny。
2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday。
3、引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it。
3、  连接代词who， whom， whose, what， which,连接副词when, where， why， how, 它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg。 The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
   I wonder where he got so much money。
【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式"结构转化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don't know how to do with the presents.
        2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、             宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see？（╳）
Can you tell me who(m） we have to see?（ √）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分）
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化，后面接陈述语序。Eg。 “Where are the tickets?" I asked him。 à I asked him where the tickets are.
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四、             其他需要说明的问题：
1、  标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg。 I heard she had been to the Great Wall。    Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、  要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
五、  宾语从句和状语从句的区分：
eg。 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine。
   2） I don’t know if the train has arrived。
句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件"，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1、  可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外)，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、  从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果"。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
3、  从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化.if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来.
学案(3)
如果主句的谓语动词是believe, think， guess, suppose等,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，这也就是我们平常所说的“否定的转移”。 
I don't think (that) it will rain. 
I don’t believe he tells lies. 
注意: 
① 这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。 
I don't think （that) he is interested in that thing, is he？ 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？ 
② 如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移,它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致,即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。 
She thought that film was not interesting， didn't she？ 她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？ 
You think you can’t get up， don't you？ 你认为你起不来,是吗? 

宾语从句中的反意疑问句 
陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： 
　a。 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定. 
　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he？ 
　b。 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定： 
　　He is not the man who gave us a talk， is he？ 
　　He said he wanted to visit Japan， didn’t he? 
　c。 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe， expect， suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 
　　I don’t think he is bright, is he？ 
　　We believe she can do it better， can’t she？

学案（4）

　一、选择填空:
　　（ ) 1。 It’s so dark. I can't find out _______ it's a boy _______ a girl。
　　 A. if， and        B。 that, and       C. either， or        D. whether, or
　　（ ) 2。 Could you tell me if he _______ to Shanghai?
　　 A. has gone    B。 had gone      C. went              D。 go
　　( ） 3. He told me _______ she would catch the early bus。
　　 A。 which        B. whether       C。 why               D. that
　　（ ） 4. Mrs. Green asked me _______ I would go with her.
　　 A。 what         B. which         C。 why                D. that
　　（ ) 5。 I don’t know _______ the coat _______ cheap enough.
　　 A。 if, is         B. where, were     C. that ,was        D. if， were
　　( ） 6。 Call you tell me why _______ yesterday？
　　 A. you didn't come        B. did you not come 　
C。 didn't you come                    D. you don't come
　　（ ） 7. He said that they _______ Yunnan。
　　 A. have been to     B. had gone to         
C。 have gone to                D. has gone to
　　( ) 8. Jack isn’t sure _______ students there are in his class.
　　 A. how many    B。 what        C. which             D。 whether
　　( ) 9. Can you tell me _______ yesterday?
　　 A。 what they do        B。 what they did
C. what do they do           D。 what did they do
　　（ ) 10。 I want to know _______ his homework yesterday evening。
　　A. if he finished      B。 whether he had finished　
　C。 had she finished        D。 has she finished
　　( ） 11. Do you know what _______ this time yesterday?
　　A。 they are doing                    B。 are they doing　
C。 they were doing            D. were they doing
　　( ) 12. Excuse me， can you tell me _______ ?
　　 A. why was the train late   B。 why the train was late　　
C. why is the train late              D。 why the train is late
　　( ） 13. Do you know where _______ ? Someone is looking for him。
　　 A。 he is        B。 he was        C。 is he            D. was he
　　（ ) 14. He wanted to know how long _______ in hospital.
　　 A. she is staying     B。 she had stayed C。 did she stay       D。 she stay
　　( ) 15。 My brother said he _______ going _______ his friend the next day。
　　 A. was, to meet                 B. would go, has　
C。 will go， was going to                D。 will go, will
　　( ） 16。 He told me that he _______ to London the next day。
　　 A。 would go        B. go        C. went             D. has gone
　　( ） 17。 He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
　　 A. traveled        B. will travel      C。 travels      D. is traveling
　　( ） 18. Our teacher said that the moon _______ around the earth。
　　 A。 turn            B。 turned             C。 has turned        D. turns
　　（ ) 19。 He said that April _______ the _______ month of a year.
　　 A. is， third        B. is， fourth         C。 was， fourth        D。 was， third
（ ) 20. Do you know _______ ?
　　 A。 is it whose pen    B. whose pen is it　
C。 whose pen it is  D. it is whose pen
　　( ） 21。 Can you tell me _______ ?
　　 A. who are you       B。 who you are C. you are who       D. who you be
　 （ ） 22。 Do you know _______ of the three?
　　 A. which book she likes best              B。 which best book does she like
C. that which book she likes best      D. which book she best likes
　　 （ ） 23. I hear _______ the teacher will come back from the UK soon。
　　 A. which  B。 that          C。 when           D。 whether
　 　( ) 24。 Can you tell me _______ language she speaks？
　　 A。 which            B。 what         C. that            D. whether
　　 （ ) 25. Can you tell us _______ you grow cotton in your country？
　　 A. that              B. whether      C. which          D。 whose
　 　（ ) 26. I don’t understand _______ you said.
　　 A. when          B。 that          C. where            D. what
　 　( ) 27. Do you know _______ made him angry last time？
　　 A. when              B。 that        C. where              D. what
　　 ( ) 28。 Can you tell me _______ the meeting will begin？
　　 A。 what          B. whether         C. when              D. where
　　 ( ) 29. _______ surprised me most was _______ he didn't go to school yesterday.
　　 A。 What, how      B. What， that        C。 That， that          D。 Whom， that
　　 ( ) 30。 I wondered _______ they had been to America。
　 A. if              B。 what               C。 who              D。 that
　　 ( ） 31. You will feel hungry _______ you don't have breakfast。
　　 A. what           B。 why               C. if                  D. how
　　 ( ） 32. Do you know _______ Jack left so early?
　　 A. what        B。 why              C. until               D. though
　　 （ ） 33。 You must do _______ I told you。
　　 A。 after            B。 before            C. where             D。 as
　　 （ ） 34. I am sure _______ you said is true。
　 A. what              B。 that                C. which            D。 who
　 　( ） 35。 It has not been decided _______ they will leave.
　　 A. why           B. when                C。 which          D。 what
　　 （ ) 36. Go back _______ you come from.
　　 A。 until        B. where              C. when       D. that
　　 （ ) 37. Do you know _______ she will go to the cinema with us?
　　 A。 if              B。 where                C. who           D。 which
　　 ( ) 38。 The children said _______ they _______ themselves very much。
　　 A。 if， enjoy     B. why, enjoyed        C. where, enjoy      D. that, enjoyed
　　( ) 39. I don't think _______ I _______ out the problem。
　　 A. if, can work    B. how， will work C. that， can work      D。 when, will work
　　( ） 40. She is afraid _______ he _______ cold at night。
　　 A。 that, will catch   B. that， catches C。 whether, will catch  D. is， catches
（ ） 41. We are sure _______ he _______ to speak English well.
　　 A。 that, learned           B。 that， has learned C。 if, learned             D. if， has learned
　　 ( ) 42. The boy asked _______ I _______ any noise from outside。
　　 A. when， heard           B。 why， had learned C. whether， had heard    D。 what, heard
　　（ ) 43。 Who can tell us _______ 。 about over there？
　　 A。 what they talk  B。 what do they talk
C。 what are they talking    D。 what they are talking
　　（ ） 44。 We couldn’t find out _______ , so we asked a policeman.
　　 A。 whose bike it was  B。 whose bike was it
C. whose it was bike  D。 whose was it bike
　　( ) 45. Do you know _______ take to get to the hospital？
　　 A. which way must we           B. which must we way
C. which way we must          D. which we must way
　　（ ) 46. Tom asked _______ to school late.
　　 A。 who did often come     B. who often came C. why had she left  D. why she had left
　　( ) 47. I don’t remember _______ the boy by himself。
A。 why did she leave    B。 why she left C。 why had she left        D。 why she had left
　　( ） 48。 Have you forgotten _______ when he died?
　　 A. how old he was     B。 how old was he C. what did he say       D。 what he did say
　　( ) 49. Nobody knows _______ to visit our school.
　　 A。 when will he come    B。 when does he come
C。 when he will come    D. when he does come
　　( ） 50. Please tell us _______ to the Science Museum.
　　 A。 how can we reach     B. how we can reach　C. how can we get   D. how we can get
　　（ ) 51。 Don’t you believe _______ to the moon by spaceship？
　　 A。 that man did fly         B. how did the man fly　　
C。 if man fly             D。 whether man fly
　　( ) 52。 The teacher told us _______ 。
　　 A. is the earth round             B. the earth was round
C. the earth is round              D. was the earth round
　　( ) 53。 It’s foggy today. I can’t find out _______ it’s a man _______ a girl.
　　 A。 if， and                B。 that, and                C. either， or                D。 whether， or
　　( ） 54。 Could you tell me if he _______ to Beijing?
　　 A. has gone                B。 had gone                C. went                  D. go
　　( ） 55. Mrs。 White asked me _______ I would go shopping with her。　　
A. what                       B。 which                C. whether               D. that

二、将下列简单句改成宾语从句
1. He’s gone to Hunan. I forgot
______ _
2。 She said，"They are waiting for a bus."

3. Whose bag is it？ Do you know
__
4. What will y