[名词性从句].ppt

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote.英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)英语句子结构概论.复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom.2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home.定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America.(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhowillwinthematch.Thequestioniswhowillwinthematch.Thequestionwhowillwinthematchisinteresting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句.NounClauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）.Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句.ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属从属连词连词（不作成分）（不作成分）连接连接代词代词（作主、宾、（作主、宾、表、定）表、定）连接连接副词副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,ifwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why.做及物动词的宾语做及物动词的宾语做介词的宾语做介词的宾语做形容词的宾语做形容词的宾语.一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.that1)当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由陈陈述述句句转转变变而而来来时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因因此此在在口口语语或或非非正正式式文体中文体中常省略。常省略。vLinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.2.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句宾语从句(that可省略可省略)。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.3）宾语从句中的连接词）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种在以下三种情况下情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.（2）当）当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省。不可省。I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.（3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句，的宾语从句，that不可省。不可省。.1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.3.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.(that)thatthat(that).1.Idontdoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.whether/ifthat.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由一一般般疑疑问问句句变变来来时时时时，由由连连词词whether或或if引导，引导，“是否是否”，不能省略。，不能省略。(1)Lily wanted to know _ hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2)Letssee_wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3)Sheaskedme_shecouldborrowthesebooks.2.whether/ifwhether/ifwhether/ifwhether/if.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别:1)whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句，但都可以引导宾语从句，但 a.当从句中有当从句中有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if。b.介词后面介词后面的宾语从句不能用的宾语从句不能用if表示表示“是否是否”。c.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do.2)if可以引导条件状语从句，可以引导条件状语从句，whether无此无此用法。用法。I dont know whether or not I will stay.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.If you are to succeed,you ought to work harder.I dont know whether to tell him about this.Practice time1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_Ishouldgo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ togo.whether.3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由特特殊殊疑疑问问句句转转变变而而来来时时，由由疑疑 问问 词词（what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why等等）引引导导，因因为为疑疑问问词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有有一一定定的的意意义，所以义，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDoyouknow_hesaidjustnow?vIdontremember_wearrived.vI asked him _ I could get so muchmoneyinsoshortatime.vPleasetellme_wehavetosee.vDoyouknow_timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho/whomwhat.二、时态二、时态1.1.如如果果主主句句是是现现在在的的时时态态 （包包括括一一般般现现在在时时 ，现现在在进进行行时时，现现在在完完成成时时），从从句句的的时时态态可可根根据据实实际际情情况况而而定定，（包包括括一一般般现现在在时时，一一般般过过去去时时，一一般般将将来来时时，现现在在完完成成时时等）。等）。vIknowhe_here.(live)vIknowhe_heretenyearsago.(live)vIhaveheardthathe_tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwill come.2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who _ here.(live)I saw she _ her mother.(talk)He asked whether his father _ tomorrow.(come back)He said that he _ it before.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时一般现在时。He said the earth _ around the sun.（travel）livedwas talking withwould come backhad seentravels.三、语序三、语序宾语从句要用宾语从句要用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词：连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分。其他成分。1.Idontknowwhatisthematter/thetrouble/wrongwithhim.2.Idontknowwhodidit.3.Idontknowwhoishe.1.His brother asks when he will go to the library.2.His brother asks when will he go to the library.1.I dont know what he wants to buy.2.I dont know what does he want to buy.如果宾语从句后面有如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语宾语补足语，要使用，要使用形式宾形式宾语语 it 而将而将真正的宾语真正的宾语that/wh-从句放到补足语后从句放到补足语后面面；find,feel,think,believe,guess,make e.g.I thought it strange that he failed to call me我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。用用it作形式宾语的宾语从句作形式宾语的宾语从句21.1).Can you make sure_ Alice has put the gold ring.2).It all depends on _they will support us.3).She will give _needs help a warm support.4).He made _clear to the public_ he did an important and necessary job.wherewhetherwhoeveritthat.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Does anybody know _ we will have asportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC.5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD.8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see 8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _._.A.who is he B.who he is A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is C.who is it D.who it is 9.Could you tell me how long _?9.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China D.have you been a member of Greener China10.He said that if it _ the next day,he 10.He said that if it _ the next day,he _ fishing._ fishing.A.would rain,wouldnt go B.rains,wont go A.would rain,wouldnt go B.rains,wont go C.rained,wouldnt go D.rains,will go C.rained,wouldnt go D.rains,will go toBCD.Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句.从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,asif/asthough，becausewhen(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。等。表语从句表语从句.表语从句表语从句1.The questions is_we can rely on him.2.He didnt study abroad.Thats_he was in need of money at that time.3.He looked_he was going to cry.4.My car broke down halfway.Thats_I was late.whetherbecauseas ifwhy.注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.It is/was why.4.The reason(why/for)is/was that.5.The reason/result is because/whythat .My advice is that you _(set)off early tomorrow morning.His order is that we _(clean)the classroom every day.His suggestion is that the thief _(send)to the police station.The question is _ he will come.(should)set(should)clean(should)be sentwhether表示建议，要求，命令的词表示建议，要求，命令的词 sb(should)do.1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when.5.Shelooked_sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough6.-Ifellsick!-Ithinkitis_youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because 7.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.thatDDB.8.Thetroubleis_weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat9.Theenergyis_makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchBC.Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句.ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属从属连词连词（不作成分）（不作成分）连接连接代词代词（作主、宾、（作主、宾、表、定）表、定）连接连接副词副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whetherwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why.二二.whether“是否是否”，不做主语从句中成分，源，不做主语从句中成分，源于一般疑问句；于一般疑问句；“if”不能引导主语从句。不能引导主语从句。引导词引导词_ is not easy to say(他是否会来这儿）他是否会来这儿）.Whether he will come here(If he will come here.)_ is more practice.（我们所需（我们所需要的）要的）_ is under discussion.（我们什么时候开始会议）（我们什么时候开始会议）四四.连接副词连接副词 when 等在从句中作状语。等在从句中作状语。What we needWhen we will begin the meeting三三.连接代词连接代词what 等在从句中作主语、宾语等。等在从句中作主语、宾语等。.注意一注意一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常经常用用it作形作形式主语式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:It is+adj./n.(strange/a pity/)+that It is+v.-ed(said/reported)+that .What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.isare注意三：注意三：what 与与 that 引导主语从句的区别引导主语从句的区别:注意二注意二:主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用单单数。但数。但what/who等等引导主语从句时，主句谓语引导主语从句时，主句谓语单复数可根据单复数可根据表语表语决定。决定。1.that不做成分；不能省略。不做成分；不能省略。2.what可以做主语，宾语，表语。可以做主语，宾语，表语。可译成可译成“-的东西，话，的东西，话，事情，人，地方，时间，样子等事情，人，地方，时间，样子等”“所所-”1.Whathesaiddisappointedme.2.Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country _ the First World.A.Which;belong to B.As,belonged to C.What;belonging to D.It;belonging to.4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave.appositive Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句.同位语从句同位语从句 1.跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明步解释说明,解释这些名词的具体内容。解释这些名词的具体内容。常用名词有常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。以及等。以及suggestion,order,demand,wish等。等。2.常用连词：常用连词：that,whether;when,where,why,how;what,which,who,whom,whose,wh-ever等。等。.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China._.Chinese students should be given more free time.The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school._ The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school._ _.1.The news _ we won the competition is very encouraging.2.I have no idea _ has happened to him.用用that/what填空填空whatthat.1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句3.连词连词that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中不可省略不可省略,而在定语从句而在定语从句中当它充当从句中当它充当从句宾语时可以省略宾语时可以省略。区别区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词引导同位语的连词that在句中在句中不作任何句子成分不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是充当的可以是从句的主语或从句的主语或宾语宾语等。等。2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明具体说明，而，而定语从句是对前面名词定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为进行修饰，解释为“的的”。.判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句).B2._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 3.Information has been put forward _ more graduates will be admitted into universities.A.that B.how C.where D.what DA1.He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.A.why B.because C.that D.the reasonPractice time.4.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited A.5.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever6.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that7.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever.8._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.A.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That9.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever.10.She received the message _ he would come by plane.A.that B.which C.what D.when11.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that12.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A.what it used to be B.that it used to be C.which it used to be D.what was it.Correct or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.beheldhasntbeenknownyet.Payattention:主语从句对应的主句的谓语主语从句对应的主句的谓语用用单数单数形式形式.Correct or not?Payattention:在此宾语从句中，在此宾语从句中，it充当充当形形式宾语式宾语，真正的宾语为，真正的宾语为that从句从句I think it worthwhile that.*I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.*His brother asks when will he go to the library.Payattention:名词性从句的语序用名词性从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序Correct or not?when he will go to the library.*If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will.decided yet.Payattention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether,不能用不能用if.Correct or not?Payattention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！由使用！由demand,order,require,insist,suggest,advise等引导的宾语从句，或由等引导的宾语从句，或由demand,order,suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用谓语要用should+do的形式的形式It is suggested that we should put off.*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.Correct or not?Payattention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！在使用！在Itisnecessary/important/natural/.that句型中，从句的谓语要用句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do的形的形式式It is important that we should finish*It is important that we will finish the work on time.Correct or not?Payattention:由由reason做主语的表语从句做主语的表语从句只能用只能用that来引导。来引导。The reason why he was late was that he was.*The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.Correct or not?Payattention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用可作宾语成分的故用可作宾语成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held.Correct or not?Payattention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that不能省略不能省略。That he will give up*He will give up his job surprises us all.Correct or not?Payattention:同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词that不不能省略能省略。He expressed his hope that he would.*He expressed his hope he would visit China again.1.Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.2.Myworryisthathecangetthereontime.3.Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadntstudiedhard.4.Whatweneedaretime.5.Herearetwobooks.Youcantakewhateveryouwant.isthatwhetherthatwhichever单句改错单句改错.Thank you!.