2013年美赛题目英文和翻译.doc
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1、(完整版)2013年美赛题目英文和翻译2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A:The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the en
2、tire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges。 However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes
3、 rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio ofW/Lfor the oven which is rectangular in shape。2。 Each pan must have an area ofA。3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced。Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the
4、following conditions:1。 Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values ofW/Landp。In addition to
5、 your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results。问题A:终极布朗尼潘当在一个矩形的锅烘烤时热量会在4个角落集中,并使产品在拐角处(以及在较小程度上在边缘处)加热过度.在一个圆形盘的热量被均匀地分布在整个外缘并且在边缘处的产品不会加热过度。然而,相对于使用的空间的烘箱中,由于大多数烤炉是矩形的形状使用圆形平底锅是效率不高。 开发一个模型来显示不同形状的
6、平底锅锅的外边缘之间的热分布-矩形到圆形和在两者之间的其它形状。 假设 1。烘箱是矩形的形状,宽度长度比为W / L,定名为A; 2。在A中,每盘必须有一个区域。 3。最初两个烘烤架均匀地间隔开. 开发模型,使其在下列条件下可用于选择的最佳类型的盘(形状): 1。锅数量最大情况并适合烤箱的锅形状(N)2.使锅的热量最大化均匀分布(H)的锅形状 3。优化的组合的条件(1)和(2)式中的权重p和(1 - p)被分配的结果来说明,W / L 和 p的 不同的值的变化。 在除了您的MCM格式化论文外,制备一到两页的广告单,发到布朗尼美食杂志,注意突出您的设计和结果。PROBLEM B:Water, W
7、ater, EverywhereFresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the world。 Build a mathematical model for determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of pick one country from the list below in 2025, and identify t
8、he best water strategy. In particular, your mathematical model must address storage and movement; desalinization; and conservation。 If possible, use your model to discuss the economic, physical, and environmental implications of your strategy。 Provide a non-technical position paper to governmental l
9、eadership outlining your approach, its feasibility and costs, and why it is the “best water strategy choice。Countries: United States, China, Russia, Egypt, or Saudi Arabia问题B:水,水,无处不在新鲜的水资源限制约束世界大部分地区的发展。建立一个数学模型,制定有效的、可行的和具有成本效益的2013年水资源战略,以预计满足(从下面的列表中选择一个国家)到2025年的用水需求,并确定最佳的水战略.特别是,您的数学模型必须解决存储和
10、运动,去盐碱化和保护。如果可能的话,用你的模型,探讨经济、物理和环境你的战略的影响.提供一个非技术性的立场文件向政府领导介绍你的方法以及其可行性和成本,并为什么它是“最好的水战略的选择。”国家:美国,中国,俄罗斯,埃及,沙特阿拉伯ICM PROBLEMPROBLEM C:Network Modeling of Earths HealthClick the title below to download a PDF of the 2013 ICM Problem.Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and yo
11、ur solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages。Network Modeling of Earths Health问题C:地球的健康的网络建模点击标题下面的2013年ICM问题,以PDF格式下载.您的ICM提交应包括一个第1页汇总表和您的解决方案不能超过20页,最多21页。地球的健康的网络建模2013 ICM Problem Network Modeling of Earths Health Background: Society is interested in developing and using models
12、to forecast the biological and environmental health conditions of our planet. Many scientific studies have concluded that there is growing stress on Earths environmental and biological systems, but there are very few global models to test those claims. The UNbacked Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Sy
13、nthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earths life-supporting ecosystems including clean water, pure air, and stable climate are being degraded by unsustainable use. Humans are blamed for much of this damage. Soaring demands for food, fresh water, fuel, and timber have contributed to dramati
14、c environmental changes; from deforestation to air, land, and water pollution. Despite the considerable research being conducted on local habitats and regional factors, current models do not adequately inform decision makers how their provincial polices may impact the overall health of the planet。 M
15、any models ignore complex global factors and are unable to determine the long-range impacts of potential policies. While scientists realize that the complex relationships and cross-effects in myriad environmental and biological systems impact Earths biosphere, current models often ignore these relat
16、ionships or limit the systems connections。The system complexities manifest in multiple interactions, feedback loops, emergent behaviors, and impending state changes or tipping points。 The recent Nature article written by 22 internationally known scientists entitled Approaching a state shift in Earth
17、s biosphere” outlines many of the issues associated with the need for scientific models and the importance of predicting potential state changes of the planetary health systems. The article provides two specific quantitative modeling challenges in their call for better predictive models: 1) To impro
18、ve bio-forecasting through global models that embrace the complexity of Earths interrelated systems and include the effects of local conditions on the global system and vice versa. 2) To identify factors that could produce unhealthy global stateshifts and to show how to use effective ecosystem manag
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