环境工程专业英语完整课件.pdf

环境工程专业英语 Znvironinenta1cEngineeiin ZngRsfi教学计划:Unit 1-8共28篇文章，每周12篇17周完成课程讲授，18周考试Unit One:Global Environment OutlookUnit Two:Acid RainUnit Three:Air PollutionUnit Four:Global WarmingUnit Five:Ozone DepletionUnit Six:Hazardous WasteUnit Seven:Water PollutionUnit Eight:Other Environmental ProblemsUnit One:Global Environment Outlook(GEO)全球环境展望profound adj.深亥U的,意义深远的institutional adj.学会、协会等公共机构的impoverishment globalization disparity regimedecentralizationn.贫穷，穷困n.全球化，全球性n.不一致，不同，不等n.政体,政权,体制n.分散，地方分权，排除集中transnational adj.跨国的，超国界的stewardship n工作integrated adj.综合的，完整的multitude n.大量；众多summit n.首脑会议;峰会 recognition n.赞誉,承认，重视，识别 insistence n.坚持,坚决主张 well-being adj.康乐，安宁，福利 Key Points：What is the environmental situation in the world?Decentralization of environmental responsibilitiesTransnational cooperation in environmental stewardship and policy Integration of environmental policies and management practicesP2against prep相反,反对,逆着emerge vi显现,浮现,暴露account n.考虑summarize v.概述，总 结,摘要而言What is the purpose of this report?Summarize fundamental global environmental trends.P3adj.可更新的，可恢复的城市空气adj.不可持续的renewable urban air unsustainableP4stabilization n稳 定 性agree upon=agree on 同意United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change联合国气候变化框架公约P5 biodiversity diminish expansion settlement生物多样性V.逐渐缩小n.扩充,开展,膨胀n.定居P6pervasivefuel contamination disposaladj.普遍深入的n.燃料vt.加燃料，供以燃料n.玷污,污染,污染物n.处理,处置P7 urbanization adjacent ecosystem biogeochemical acidification variability hydrological biomass bioproductivityn.都市化,文雅化 adj.邻近的，接近的 n牛本素琴 adj.生通地球化学的n.使发酸,酸化,成酸性 n.可变性adj.水文学的n.生物的数量生物生产力P8 intrinsically feedback notably continuation poverty despite degradationadv.本质地，固有地 n.无U授,反馈,反应 adv.显著地，特别地 n.继续,续集,延长 n.贫穷，贫困，贫乏，缺少 prep.尽管n.降级，降格,退化Which major environmental concerns are mentioned in the report?Renewable resource:land,forest,fresh water,coastal areas,fisheries,an urban air.Greenhouse gases:CO2,CH4,etc.(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)Natural areas and the biodiversity Spread of chemicals:health risks,environmental contamination,disposal problem Unsustainable development in energy sector:acidification,climate variability,hydrological cycle change,loss of biodiversity,biomass and bioproductivity.Negative feedback effects on environmental trends from social trends:inequality,hunger and poverty,health risks resulting from resource degradation and chemicals.P9distill vt.蒸储，提取concerted a.共同的；一致的；商定的benchmark data address highlight conjunction基准数据vt.声明，演说vt.使醒目;强调n.联合,关联,连接词What are the four key priority areas needed immediate?enhanced and concerted action internationally?energ y environmentally sound technolog y fresh water benchmark dataText Two:Introduction(H)尔）Vocabulary GS Pl renewable drastic destructive alternative inevitably exacerbate vigorously pursue Energy Decadeadj.可更新的，可恢复的adj.激烈的，（药性等）猛烈的adj.破坏（性）的n.可供选择的办法,事物adv.不可避免vt.恶化，增剧，激怒，使加剧,使烦恼adv.精神旺盛地vt.追赶,追踪,追击,继续,从事能量十年幻 Vypaints 0 Two concept：-Energy Efficiency:energy density per unit of production-Renewable energy resource:alternative energy sources for energy sustainability.P2 appropriate infrastructureso%ca6u 以ryGiadj.适当的n.下部构造,基础下部组织disseminationn分发know-how n.技术秘诀,诀窍deliberation n.熟思,从容,商议，考虑consensus n.一致同意，多数人的意vital adj.生死攸关的,重大的幻 Vypaints 0 Appropriate technology:save natural resources less waste,and fewer pollutant by-products.P3 impediment scarcity insufficient arable runoff groundwater reserve riparian blue waterin Vocabulary G8n.妨碍，阻碍，障碍物n.缺乏，不足adj.不足的，不够的n.不足adj.可耕的，适于耕种的n.流走之物，决赛，决定性竞选n.地下水n.储备（物），储藏量adj.河边的，水滨的n.深海幻 Vypoints 0 One View：Fresh water will threat on human and ecosystem as well as food supply.Green fresh-water issue:foodBrown fresh-water issue:healthSO Vocabulary G8 P4formulation implementation evaluation review urgent harmonization dataset acquisition linkage cost-effective equityn表示，形成n.执行n.估价,评价,赋值n评论，评价adj.急迫的,紧急的n.调和化,一致,融洽数据集n.获得,获得物n.联接adj.有成本效益的，划算的n.公平,公正,公平的事物,资产净值so cabuLaty P4gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值devote vt投入于restoration stride halt implement pledgeRio de Janeiro equivalent prerequisite initiate reversen.恢邑修复n.步幅vt.使停止,使立定vt.贯彻,实现v.执行n.保证，誓言，里约热内卢（巴西港市,州名）adj.相等的，相当的n.等价物 n.先决条件vt.开始,发动，传授v.开始,发起 vt.嵋贞倒 Urgent actions for environmental review:investment-new and better data collectionharmonization-national datasetsacquisition-global datasetsunderstanding-linkage among different env.issues&interaction between env.and development enhancement-integration of assessment andforecasting and policy analysistranslation-usable format to public and policy-makersdevelopment-cost-effective,meaningful and usefulmethodsText Three:GEO:Major Issues(l)vocabularypertain food security notably abatement cultivation intensificationvi.关于n.粮食保障adv.特别是，显著地n.减少，减退n.耕作,耕地n.加强，增强尔）Keypoints 0osFood Security Demands of Growing Population-Need:-Increasing land availability-Abatement of land degradation-Efficient land management-Result in:-Expanded cultivation-Agricultural intensification尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2magnitude adoption complexity marginal land wilderness area prime consequencen.大小,数量，数值，量级n.米用n.复杂,复杂性，复杂程度n.边界耕地n.原生环境保护区a.主要的，最初的,原始的n.结果woodland fragment susceptibility moisture retention leach nutrient desertification irreversiblen.林地，森林地vt.使成为碎片，打断 n.感受性,敏感性 含水率vt.流失n.营养剂，滋养料n.地质沙漠化.a.不可逆的gs Problems may occur for exploring marg inal lands and wilderness area in reg ions with limited economic resources:destroying or deg rading on:-forests-woodlands-grasslands-natural ecosystem-biodiversity Increasing soil susceptibility to erosion Reducing moisture retention Leaching nutrients Declining productivity Desertification Irreversible degeneration of marginal land)oca6uCary GS P3anxiety scarcity per capita waterlogging salinizationn.忧虑；焦虑；不安n.缺乏n.每人n.洪涝n.盐化作用，盐碱化eypointsc Which regions are particularly scarce of land?-Africa-Asia-Pacific-West Asia苑）Voca6uCary GS P4cultural practice residualtract抚育措施，栽培措施a.剩余的n.一片；一片土地inaccessible effectively mine military refugee substantiala.难接近的，难接近的ad.有效地；实际上；事实上 n.矿，矿井；坑道；地雷坑 a.地质军事的n.难民a.坚固的，显著的,真实的 Keypoints gs.Land problems from human-made fire influence in Africa:-Land degradation-Land availability-Inaccessible for mines-Environmental impacts refugee P5dry land ongoing unrestrained frontier尔）VocabuCary干地，陆地，干旱地区a.前进的；进行中的a.无限制的；不受约束的 n.边界,边境；未开拓领域 Keypoints gs.Land problems in Latin America:-Limited land availability for small island states-Erosion and desertification of drylands-Unrestrained expansion of the agricultural frontier尔 Vocabulary G8 P6 subsequent conservation evident vigorously targeta.后来的n.守恒，保护，保存a.明显的，明白的大力 vt.定位 Keypoints gs.Land problems in Europe:-Irreversible erosion-Acidification-Soil pollution-Subsequent economic impacts尔）Voca6uCary GS P7 tropics Caribbean forest product driving force deforestation highlandn.热带n.加勒比海林产品n.驱动力，推动力n.破坏森林，森林开伐n.高地Jeypoints Natural forest declining in developing reg ions:-Regions:-Latin America-Caribbean-Africa-Asia-The Pacific-For the reasons of:-Industrialization-Population growth-Agricultural expansion-Forest product trade尔）Vocabulary G8 Keypoints gs.Forest problems in Africa:-Agricultural expansion-Fuel of wood-Declining productivity-Climatic variability-Susceptibility to flooding)Voca6uCary G8 P9boreal a.北方的，北方生物带Siberia n.西伯利亚exploit vt开发old growth n.原始林protest n 抗议尔 keypoints gs Land problems in North America and Europe:AcidificationHeavily exploiting Removal of old-growth forestsText Three:GEO:Major Issues(ll)尔）Vocabulary GS幺DPIconservation 保护Convention on Biological Diversity 生物多样性公约natural habitat 动植物栖息地尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2accord 协定，给予legitimacy 合法性，正:revenue 年收入，收益 P3scarce adj.稀有的，缺乏的constraint n.限制overexploitation n.过度开发 Depletion n.耗尽，枯竭 Pernicious a.有害的，恶性的 fragmentation n 分裂 P5苑）Voca6uCary GSSudano-Sahelian belt Horn of Africa evaporation rate anticipated transboundary mega-cities苏丹萨赫勒（沙漠化地带）非洲角蒸发率预期的跨边界的n.百万人口城市，特大城市访 初）故后区不&P6flow regime downstream hostility water table subsidence intrusion aquifern.水流动态，流动体制n.下游a.顺流的n.敌意,敌视n.地下水位n.下陷n.侵入，闯入n蓄水层)Voca6uCary G8 P7deteriorationdischargesewage deoxygenationammoniatoxicity microbial infectionn.恶化，退化n.排出n.污水n.脱氧n氨，氨水n.毒性细菌传染Vocabulary G8 P8excessive a.过度的，过多的pesticide n.农药，杀虫剂municipal a.城市的，市办的，市政的尔 oca6u0y GS P9 reside derive tradable commodity vulnerablevi.居住v.得到a.可贸易的；可买卖的n.商品a.易受伤害的尔）Vocabulary GS PIOsediment erosion adversely dam catchmentn.沉积物n.冲蚀，侵蚀ad.相反地；反对地；逆反n.水坝n.排水，集水区，汇水eutrophication the Balticn过营养化，富营养化波罗的海Mediterranean 地中海Caspian 里海iVoca6uary G8 Pll low-lying area precise circulation repercussion地势低的地区a.精确的n.循环n.反应；影响Text Five:GEO:Major Issues(lll)尔）Vocabulary GS团Plinhalation n吸入particulate biotic deterioration inducen.颗粒物adj.生物的，生命的n.磨损，恶化vt.劝诱n.感应vt引起disturbance n失调，干扰chronic adj.慢性的，长期的respiratory adj.呼 吸的尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2 airborne apparent literally fossil fuel long-range atmosphericadj.空气的，空中的adj.明显的adv.逐字地，从字面上说化石燃料大范围，远程.a.大气的，空气的；大气层的vocabulary P3concentrationpoint to emerging集中，浓度指向新兴的P4The Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔议定书（有关大气臭氧层的多边环境协定）illustrate mobilize stem from coordinate skin cancer cataractV.说明v.动员；聚集；调动V.产生于vt.使同等；使协调n.皮肤癌n.白内障语访应区外&P4efficiencyimmune terrestrial aquatic species survival troposphere extent免疫力 a.陆地的 a.水生的 n.物种 vt 生存.n.对流层 n.程度，范围iVoca6uary G8 P5 emanate emphasis adaptive cope with accompanyv发出n.重点，强调a.适应的，适合的对付vt.伴随，陪伴 P6 migration inhabitant proliferation slum squatter sanitationn.移民n.居民n.生物多育，增殖n.贫民窟n.擅自占住空房的人，在无主土地上合法定居的人 n.卫生设备尔）Voca6uCary GS P7resultant a.作为结果而产生的；合成的effluent n.废水impose vt.强加；强迫unwieldy a.难处理的，笨重的;不灵便的population density 人 口 密度household n.家庭iVoca6uary G8 P8 inadequate consequently consumption Soviet Uniona.不适当的，不充分的adv.因此n.消费n.苏联)Voca6uCary G8 P9-10stimulate vt.刺激;vi.起刺激作用proximity n.邻近；接近municipal a.城市 的;市政的iVoca6uCary G8 Pllpervasive a.遍布 的，普遍的environmental emergency 环境紧急事故mount v测定，确定put forth vt.提出persistent a.持久性的;持续的radioactive a.放射性的iVoca6uary G8 P12-13 pristine indicator overexploitation infrastructure fragile adapta.原来的，原始的n.指示剂n.过度开发n.基础设施a.易碎的，脆性的vt.使适应vi.适合iVoca6uary G8 P14-15dumpshiftsea ice continental ice sheet geographicalvt.倾倒vi.移动vt.换班海冰a.大陆的n.大陆人冰盖a.地理的Teypoints Atmosphere-Adverse impacts of polluted air:human health,biotic&ecosystem functions,building materials,climatic disturbances.-Atmospheric threats:acidification,urban air quality,ozone depletion,g lobal warming Urban&Industrial Environments-Problems:increasing populationbasic infrastructure,water,sanitation industrial domestic effluents&waste inadequate waste manag ement尔）Keypoints a-Environmental Emerg encies Polar Environment-Indicator for:g lobal warming,pollutant transportation,ozone concentration,-Neg ative impacts from:forest industries,infrastructure development,military&industrial interestUnit 2:Acid Rain Text 1:Introduction团piacidityPH scale logarithmic baseline酸度，酸性PH标度a.对数的n.基线carbon dioxide CO2equilibrium n.平衡distill vt.蒸储in essence 实质上precipitation n.降水尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2 vinegar storm lime green leach awayn.醋n.风暴石灰绿 滤除尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P3sulphur dioxidevolcanosea sprayrotplanktonsulphate ion二氧化硫火山海底火山爆发V.n.腐烂n.浮游生物|硫酸根离子尔）Vocabulary GS纪P3hydrogen 氢ammonia 氨catalyze v催化substantial a.相当多的，充实的float up 上浮unconverted a.（形态、作用等）无变化的stoichiometric a九学计量的匹）P4nitric oxidenitric dioxideexhaust fume ironmanganesehydrogen peroxideSo Vocabulary GS一氧化氮 二氧化氮排出n.烟雾铁 _镒过氧化氢So Vocabulary GS匹）P5Nova Scotia n.新斯科细亚省（加拿大省名）Newfoundland n.（加拿大）纽芬兰岛尔）Keypoints a1.What is acid rain?2.What cause acid rain?3.What are the sources of sulphur dioxide?Text 2:The Effects of Acid Rain(I)团pi ecological occurrence full-blownSO Vocabulary G8a.生态的n.事件;出现a.发育完全的；成熟的尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2 substance sleet hail dew fog drain sewagen.物质；实质n.雨夹雪n.冰雹n.露水n.雾vt.排出;流掉n.污水;地沟尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2spring acid shock drastic reproduction amphibian deformity annihilate春季酸冲击a.激烈的；猛烈的n.生殖n.农业两栖动物n.变形；缺损 vt.消灭，歼灭尔）Vocabulary 8加P3osmoregulationdelicatemineraltissuemucusgillsn.渗透调节a.易碎的；纤细的，微妙的 n.矿物；矿石；无机物n.生物学组织 _n.粘液鱼鱼思加P3 buildup suffocate calcium brittle crayfish exoskeleton fertilizer algan.形成vt.使窒息；窒息而死n.化学钙a.硬而易碎的，脆弱的n.龙虾，小龙虾n.外骨骼；皮骨骼；外甲”.肥料n.海藻（亦作:algae）尔）（vocabulary 8匹）P4dissociate aluminium lethalorgan toleratevt.使分离；脱离n.铝a.致死的n.器官，机构vt.容忍；宽容；纵容;忍受So Vocabulary GS匹）P4 augment dynamically crustacean hinder deformVt.（使）扩张，扩大 adv.动力地 n.甲壳类动物 vt.阻止；阻碍 vt.使残废；使变形vocabutary加P5 lifeform mayfly stoneflysuffocation生命体n.蜉蟾n.石蝇;积翅类昆虫（其幼虫栖于河流中的石下）n.窒息、；窒闷So Vocabulary GS匹）P6mercury n.水星，汞Eskimos 爱期基摩人seal n.海豹尔)(vocabulary 8%P7deposit Domino effect embryo membrane spinen.沉淀，沉积n.多米诺效应;连锁反应n.胚胎n.隔膜，薄膜n.脊柱，脊椎骨尔)(vocabulary 8%P7fungus numerous overwhelmingly magnify food webn.真菌a.很多的，数目众多的adv.压倒性地vt.放大，扩大n.食物网;食物链Vocabulary GS加P8 Lumsden Lake Killarney Ontario elevation watershed拉姆斯登湖（加拿大）n.基拉尼n.安大略省n.提升;高地;海拔n.流域;分水岭Text 2:The Effects of Acid Rain(II)SO Vocabulary G8团P1 constituent sulphate nitrate hydrocarbon hazen成分硫酸盐硝酸盐 碳氢化合物;炸 n.烟雾，薄雾SO Vocabulary G8团pi visibility navigation lichen caribou reindeern.能见度n.航行；导航n.苔癣n.北美驯鹿n.驯鹿尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2 architecture Capitol Ottawa disintegrate limestone marblen.建筑学，建筑物n.国会大厦渥太华加拿大首都vt.分解，分裂n石灰石n.大理岩尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P2 crumbling gypsum illustration Ohio collapsen.岩块剥落n.石膏n.例证俄亥俄州vi.倒塌，瓦解尔）Vocabulary 8加P3 fabric age-old ventilation deterioraten.编织品，织物a.古老的；由来已久的 n.通风设备；换气装置 v.恶化，变坏，变质定）P4 side effect respiratory asthma dry cough irritation indirect effect nerve disorder kidneyAlzheimers diseasen.副作用a.呼吸（作用）的n.哮喘干咳n.刺激,疼痛 间接作用神经紊乱n.肾老人痴呆症尔）Vocabulary GS幺dP5leakIncosmokestackchronic bronchitisSudburyv.泄漏国际银公司 大烟囱 慢性支气管炎 萨德伯里尔）Vocabulary GS匹）P6 freed starve calcium magnesium clog up stomaV.释放，使自由V.饿死，使饿死钙镁堵塞口；气孔（stomata复数形）photosynthesis n.光合作用ocabuLary GS尔）P6red spruce seedling brown lesion replenish binding site Inhibitn红云杉n.秧苗褐斑v.重新补足结合部位;接合点 vt.阻碍,抑制团P7frost aggravate frost-hardiness ammoniafungi ambrosia beetle terpenen霜V.加重抗霜冻性真菌（为fungus的复数）粉蠹虫帖烯So Vocabulary GS%P8nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物nitric oxide 一氧化氮Text 3:Formation of Acids in the Atmosphere团Pl尔）Vocabulary GSemission level interact formation nitrous acid solution phase gas phase排放水平;排放标准.互相影响;相互作用.形成；组成；构成n亚硝酸 溶液相 气相尔）Vocabulary GS团P2photooxidation n光氧化electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波频谱excite v.激发；引起，煽动contributor n.捐助者；贡献者尔）P3moist catalyst alkene reactive transient peroxy radical尔）Vocabulary GSa.潮湿的n.催化剂 烯烧a.反应活性的 过渡物 过氧自由基尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P4appreciable 可感知的;可估价hydroxy radical 羟自由基photodecomposition 光解SOP5-7aqueous phase two-fold process dropletsticking coefficient free radicalradicalintermediate液相两级反应n.液滴粘着系数 自由基 基,原子团 中间产物peroxymonosulfurous acid ion 亚硫酸氢根团 P8-11substantial a.丰富的，相当的,多额的equilibria 均衡partial pressure 分压力（混合气体中的一种组分如果单独存在于容器中会产生的压力）solubility n 溶用星度Unit 3:Air Pollution Text 1:Air PollutionSOP1-2suffocate choke container emphysemaV.呼吸闭塞，窒息v.使窒息；闷死；使不能呼吸n.容器n.肺气肿pneumonian.肺炎尔）Vocabulary GS尔）P34 corrode concrete sculpture disintegrate scattergreenhouse effectV.腐蚀，侵蚀n.混凝土n.雕塑品；雕刻品vt.分解,分裂v分散，散射 温室效应尔）Vocabulary GS幺dP5chlorofluorocarbon deplete stratospheric shieldcosmicexceed氟氯炸Vt.耗尽，排除a.同温层的n.保护物，屏蔽a.宇宙的vt 超过幺dP6combustionfossil fuel hydrosulphate sulfur trioxide furnacestoveat timesthermal inversion