英语听力速记方法.doc
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1、(完整版)英语听力速记方法英语听力速记方法箭头 :export to, send to ,cause(导致),arrive in/atEg。: 我今天下午到达北京 I BJ at 6:00 pm d. :import, receive(from),come back(from) :increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding () :decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸), drop。.。 数学用符号 plus, and, in addition to ,further
2、 more(而且,此外,更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus10tea minus, lack wrong, incorrect, bad more than, greater, more and more, superior to less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to more than or equal to less than or equal to be not match forEg.: jack Brandy jack 不是. Brand
3、y 的对手around, almostEg。: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下 自行车$500 because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to so, therefore 其它。 people or personEg.: 中国人和美国人 中 US meeting, conference, negotiation(谈判).state, countryEg.:2个国家 2& and。stand for, on behalf ofEg。:我代表你 I U say, speak, tell, think.Eg.:我想说我爱你 I 想 I。U? question,
4、 doubt, confusion。Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。I have ?ask U”1) opinion, ideas。Eg。: 就这个问题,我想说几点。 I 想 几。2)Eg.:我去年来北京了。I 来 BJ y注:年year(y) 月 month(m) 日 day(d)去年y 明年. y 前年 y 后年y !draw attentionEg。:信件结尾所用之 best wishesU!!( ) includingEg.: 有5个人参加了这次会议,包括我.Five 。 (me) 数字Thousand (th)Million (m)Billion(b)Abbreviations in N
5、ote takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily。 A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard
6、 abbreviations。cf = comparee。g。 = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final
7、letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation。assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizab
8、le skeleton of the word。ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs
9、 = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings。ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key。Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimp
10、ortant words。Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or tr
11、ansitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standa
12、rd abbreviations and leave out full stops。 Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectb
13、udg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Exam
14、ples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs cus
15、tomersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs。 Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or n
16、ame is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again。 Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words。 Examples: at2 to4 for andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstC
17、reate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of -resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than
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- 英语听力 速记 方法
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