毕业设计公示语翻译中存在的问题及其策略英语论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册

学院 XXX学院
专业 XXXX
班级 XXXX级英语XX班
学生 XXX
指导教师 XXX

本科生毕业论文设计

公示语翻译中存在的问题及其策略

作者姓名： XXX
指导教师： XXX
所在学院： XXX学院
专业（系）： XXXX
班级（届）： XXX届

XXXX年5月5日

The Problems and the Strategies in the
Translation of Public Signs

BY
XXX
XXXX, tutor

A Thesis
Submitted to Department of
English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English
At XXXXUniversity

May 5th, XXX

XXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目：公示语翻译中存在的问题及其策略

学 院：XXX学院 专业： XXXX 班级： XXX级笔译班

学生姓名： XXX 学号：XXXXX指导教师：XXX 职称： XXX

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是讨论公示语的汉英翻译，揭示了公示语翻译中存在的问题，并在此基础上，提出了解决措施。其主要任务是系统地分析公示语翻译中的失误及其策略，以此来促进公示语翻译的标准化和规范化。

2、 论文（设计）的主要内容
本文一共分为四章，第一章系统地介绍了公示语，如它的特点、分类；第二章揭示了公示语翻译中存在的问题；第三章为了解决这些问题，叙述了公示语翻译的策略；第四章讲述了公示语翻译的监管措施。

3、 论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是翻译家和语言学家对汉英公示语翻译的研究成果。
研究路线是系统介绍公式语的定义、特点及分类，揭示了公示语翻译中存在的问题并在此基础上提出了具体的翻译策略。

4、 主要参考文献
Elana, Shohamy. 2006. Language in the Public Space. U.K.: Routedge.
Newmark, Peter.1988. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall．
程镇球，1980，《翻译问题探索》，北京：商务出版社。
伍锋、何庆机，2008，《应用文体翻译：理论与实践》，杭州：浙江大学出版社。

5、 计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月16日前
2
与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月16日-3月23日
3
提交论文提纲
3月23日-3月30日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月30日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前

指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 XXXX 专业 XXX 届
学生
姓名
XXX
论文（设计）题目
公示语翻译中存在的问题及其策略
指导
教师
XXX
专业
职称
XXX
所属教研室
翻译系教研室
研究方 向
翻译与文学
课题论证：
中国的公示语翻译中存在着许多问题，本文针对这些问题提出了具体的翻译策略及监管措施，促进公示语翻译的标准化及规范化，以更好地进行中外文化交流。

方案设计：
第一章公示语的概述。
第二章公示语翻译中存在的问题。
第三章公示语翻译的策略。
第四章公示语翻译的监管措施。
进度计划：
3.14-3.16 确定论文题目
3.16-3.23 拟写论文提纲
3.23-3.30 提交并修改论文提纲
3.30-4.20 提交并修改论文初稿
4.20-5.8 拟写并提交论文终稿
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日
教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书
姓 名
XXX
学院
XXX学院
专业
XXXX
年级（班）
XXXX级XX班
论 文 题 目
公示语翻译中存在的问题及其策略
完成时间
XXX年5月5日
论

文

内

容

摘

要

随着中国综合国力和国际地位的提高，越来越多的外国人来到中国, 中英双语公示语也随之出现。因而汉语公示语的翻译也就变得越来越重要。
公示语是一种非常特殊的文体，它通常在公共场合用简洁清楚的语言向公众提供有关指示、提示、限制、强制的信息。
尽管我国对公示语的研究取得了重大成就，但是它仍然存在很多问题，这严重影响了我国的国际形象。
本文首先从公示语的定义、特征、分类入手，揭示了公示语翻译中存在的问题，并尝试着提出了一些翻译策略，期望经过公众、翻译人员、政府相关部门的共同努力，公示语的翻译能够更加标准、规范。

指
导
教
师
评
语

年 月 日
指 导 教 师

职称

初评成绩

答辩小组
姓名
职称
教研室
组长

成员

答辩记录：

记录人签字： 年 月 日
答辩小组意见：

组长签字： 年 月 日
学院意见：

评定成绩： 签章

年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述

Literature Review
The study on translation theories began in the 1970s abroad, and the main representatives are the American linguist Karl Kimsey’s error analysis theory, the translation theorists Katharina Reiss and Hans Vermeer’s based theory of functionalist--Skopos theory, and American translation theorist Eugene Nida’s dynamic equivalence translation theory.
Nida's translation theory is a reader-centered theory, and it emphasizes the feelings of the recipients of the target language and the source language, and pursuits the equivalence between the two different effects. Thus Nida's dynamic equivalence and reader-response theory has a lot of theoretical value in the translation of public signs.
Contemporary British translation theorist Peter Newmark classified language function into three types: expressive function, information function and vocative function. In translation, the translator should select the semantic translation or communicative translation methods depending on the type of text. The main representative of the German school of functional translation, Laythe , said in the book Translation Criticism, the Potentials and Limitation, different types of texts have their own translation strategies. He thought that when the translator translated the informative texts, they should use the familiar linguistic forms and try to remain the original information, which means that they should use the simple language to make it clear and concise and avoid repetition.
With the convening of the first and second public signs translation seminar(2005, 2007), domestic public signs translation research gradually aroused general concern , and their theoretical research presents a colorful situation. Scholars are based on a variety of translation theories, using text typology, pragmatics equivalence, Skopos theory to explore the features and translation of the public signs.
Yuan Xiaoning synthesized Newmark’s text type theory and communicative translation theory, so, he thought that the translation of foreign propaganda should focus on the target text,and the translators should not only have solid and profound Chinese Languages, Chinese cultures, and a good knowledge of social background, they but also have correct translation strategies. He Xueyun studied the status of Chinese-English translation of public signs, and put forward communicative strategy on the basis of the investigation of the types of public signs’ texts.Yang Yonghe thought that the Chinese translation of public signs experts should adhere to the existing guiding principles, revolve round the traditional translation theories, and learn from the foreign theories. Zhou Zhengquan Reviewed and re-thought of the theories of the translation of public signs research, and he thought that the translation of public signs are application-oriented text translation, so, in order to improve the quality, the theories are important. Shu Huijuan try to use the "three-dimensional" of ecological principles to guide the translation of public signs.
According to inspecting periodicals, starting in the 1990s, the study of the translation of public signs could be seen in some foreign language journals, such as Chinese Translation, Shanghai Science and Technology Translation, but the official researches started began in the late 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The experts firstly found English errors to analyze and studied how to effectively use research to reality, then they wanted to find a practical way to appeal to the community's concern to create a correct universal environment for the public Signs.Zhao Xiang reviewed nearly 20 papers between 1990 and 2005, and confirmed that the public sings translation in China had made great progress in the fifteen years, but he also pointed out that the Chinese translation of public signs still exist problems: the term does not unity ,theme and genre are single, lack of innovation, and other defects. Long Jianghua reviewed the achievements of Chinese Public Signs translation in the ten years from 1997 to 2007. He thought that the translation of public signs start late, lack of system and normative ,the administrative department of culture did not pay enough attention ,and the relevant law is not perfect, and so on. Lin Qingyang studied Chinese Translation, Shanghai Translation and other publications about the translation of public signs in the years 1989-2007. And then he gave an overview of the Chinese translation of public signs, analyzed its characteristics,and came up with his own ideas about it. Yang Yonghe summed up the tremendous achievements of translation of Public Signs in China, based on the investigations and analysises of the national signs’ translation in the new century. Translation methods and techniques were almost the focuses of all articles, but from all aspects, there were few articles with innovative spirit, and a lot of articles still looked for errors of the public signs in a city or tourist sites, and their contents were repetitive.
After collecting, collating and analyzing of the literatures, it is not difficult to find that the number of scholars and the quantity of the articles about the translation of public signs have increased in recent years. These literatures involves research on theories, text types, error analysis and strategies. But for the linguistic features, functional significance, and translation criteria, there are still some divergences, which may caused the non-standardization of the translation of public signs. Meanwhile, China has a vast territory, and every city has its own features, so the translation is complex to some extent.Therefore, from the depth and the breadth, the further studies on translation of public signs are still needed.

摘要
随着中国综合国力和国际地位的提高，越来越多的外国人来到中国, 中英双语公示语也随之出现。因而汉语公示语的翻译也就变得越来越重要。
公式语是一种非常特殊的文体，它通常在公共场合用简洁清楚的语言向公众提供有关指示、提示、限制、强制的信息。
尽管我国对公示语的研究取得了重大成就，但是它仍然存在很多问题，这严重影响了我国的国际形象。
本文首先从公式语的定义、特征、分类入手，揭示了公示语翻译中存在的问题，并尝试着提出了一些翻译策略，期望经过公众、翻译人员、政府相关部门的共同努力，公示语的翻译能够更加标准、规范。

关键词： 公示语翻译 失误 策略

Abstract
With the improving of China’s overall strength and international standing, more and more foreigners come to China, and then Chinese-English public signs come into being. So the translation of Chinese public signs is also becoming more and more important.
Public sign is a very special writing style, and it usually uses concise and clear language to provide the public with the information of directing, restricting, prompting, and compelling.
Though the study of public translation in China has made great progress, it still has a lot of problems, which have bad effects on the international image of China.
This thesis firstly discusses the definition, the features, the classifications of the public signs, and then reveals the problems existing in the translation of public signs. Later, the author tries to give some suggestions on the translation strategies, expecting that with their joint efforts, the public, the translators, and the relevant departments of the government can make the translation of the public signs more standard and correct.

Key Words: public signs translation; error; strategy

Contents

Introduction 15
1. An Overview of Public Signs 6
1.1 Explanation of public signs 6
1.2 Classification of Public Signs 7
1.2.1 Directive public signs 7
1.2.2 Prompting public signs 8
1.2.3 Restrictive public signs 8
1.2.4 Compelling public signs 8
1.3 Features of public signs 9
1.3.1 Lexical Feature 9
1.3.1.1 Extensive Use of Nouns (or gerunds) 9
1.3.1.2. Extensive Use of Verbs 10
1.3.1.3 Extensive Use of Phrases and Expressions 11
1.3.1.4 Use of Abbreviations 11
1.3.2 Syntactic Feature 11
1.3.2.1 Using omission 11
1.3.2.2 Using of Present Tense 12
1.3.2.3 using of Imperative Sentence 12
2. Common Errors in Translating Public Signs 13
2.1 Errors of non-standard writing 13
2.2 Errors of no-standard grammar 13
2.3 Errors of interpreting without real understanding 14
2.4 Errors of not knowing the different cultures 15
3 Strategies for Public Signs Translation 17
3.1 Literal Translation 17
3.2 Free Translation 18
3.3 Conciseness and Consistency 19
3.4 Adding and Omitting 20
3.5 Domestication and Foreignization 22
3.6 Using international expression 23
4 Supervision Measures for Public Signs Translation 24
4.1 Improving the quality of translators 25
4.2 Creating regulatory agencies 27
4.3 Arousing the enthusiasm of all society 28
Conclusion 30
Bibliography 32

Introduction
With the economic globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming more and more frequent. The age-old and mysterious Chinese culture attracts a large number of foreign tourists, which will promote tourism economy in China to develop rapidly. At the same time, the translation of public signs is becoming an important part, and it is the propaganda of cross border, cross culture, and cross society. In the past, foreigners knew China only from TV programs and books written by writers in their country. From these, they could not know the modern China well. So what can we do to help the foreigners to know the modern China well? We should provide them with a comfortable circumstance. In order to achieve this, Chinese-English public sign is a good measure. Public sign is very special in writing style with concise and clear language, and it provides the public with the information of directing, restricting, prompting and compelling.
According to the above, the public signs can be classified as directive public sign, prompting public sign, restrictive public sign, and compelling public sign. Directive public signs provide readers enough information about something without prohibition or restriction. They usually give information like what they are and what services they provide, which means they just give instructions and directives. Prompting public signs are widely used in people’s daily life, but they don’t have any special meanings. Their aims are to remind readers to pay much attention to the signs. Restrictive public signs are signs used to make requests to limit and restrict the behaviors of people who expect to follow certain rules in public. Compelling public signs are also called mandatory public signs. Their aims are to require people to take or not to take some actions, to obey some rules, and not to break laws.
Public sign also has its own language features. It widely uses nouns, verbs, abbreviations and phrases and expressions. Public sign, as a communicative tool provides great help in our daily life, we can see it everywhere, in a shop, in a bank, in a park, and so on. And it also can help the foreigners who live in China to be convenient. Because most foreigners in China cannot speak Chinese, so the translation of public signs should be idiomatic and accurate. What’s more public sign is the image of our country. If the translation of it is not appropriate, it may affect the international cross-cultural communication, and break our country’s international image. At the same time, it also gives the foreigners bad impressions that Chinese have low language proficiency.
The study on the translation of public signs has a short history in China, but it has made great progress. Many language workers wrote articles on it, a famous writer Duan Liancheng, published How to Help Foreigners Know China (Duan Liancheng, 1988), which may be the first paper about the translation of public signs. In 2003, because of the great efforts of Lv Hefa(2003), a website about the public signs’ translation was set up. It pr