本科毕业论文---ahzc0655锤片粉碎机的设计.doc

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无锡太湖学院
毕业设计（论文）
相关资料

题目： AHZC0655锤片粉碎机的设计

信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业

学 号： 　　　 　　　　
学生姓名：
指导教师： 　 （职称：副教授 ）
（职称： ）
2013年5月25日

目 录

一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告
二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文
三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”
四、实习鉴定表

无锡太湖学院
毕业设计（论文）
开题报告

题目： AHZC0655锤片粉碎机的设计

信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业

学 号：
学生姓名：
指导教师： （职称：副教授 ）
（职称： ）

2012年11月24日
课题来源
饲料原料的粉碎是饲料加工中非常重要的一个环节，通过粉碎可增大单位质量原料颗粒的大总表面积，增加饲料养分在动物消化液中的溶解度，提高动物的消化率所以，恰当地掌握粉碎技术、选用适当的锤片粉碎机型并在原先类型上进行设计是非常必要的。

科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）
科学意义：粉碎是制造饲料中最重要的工序之一。粉碎饲料原料常用击碎、磨碎、压碎或锯切碎等方式。但是，从粉碎粒度以及效率等要求出发，粉碎饲料原料采用最广泛的是锤片粉碎机（击碎）。因此，分析研究并设计锤片粉碎机具有很强的现实意义。
国内外研究概况：国产锤片式粉碎机的技术水平和性能已接近或达到国际同类产品先进水平。我国饲料粉碎机生产企业的产品品种、规格齐全，能基本满足我国畜牧、水产养殖业发展的需要，但在目前社会整体能源短缺的背景下，锤片式粉碎机还是存在功耗高的缺点显得尤为突出。国外的锤片粉碎机水平本就比较先进，近年来为适应饲料粉碎的特点及需求，还有采用变频装置控制锤片式粉碎机的转速来改善其粉碎性能。在结构上，近年来还出现了立式锤片粉碎机。
水平和发展趋势：锤片粉碎机最早源于国外，以美国、日本为首的发达国家在“锤片粉碎机”领域具有绝对专利优势，我国锤片粉碎机行业尚处于发展阶段，锤片粉碎机的行业集中度不足。其次，在技术上虽然已经取得了很大的进去，但相对于美、日依然有较大的差距。所以锤片粉碎机在我国有着很好的发展前景。
应用前景：饲料加工生产行业是农业发展的支柱性产业，和我们每个人的生活息息相关，随着国民经济的发展，饲料加工生产行业将拥有者更加广阔的前景！而锤片式饲料粉碎机因其占地面积小、粉碎效率高、耗电量小等优点，必将得到更广泛的普及应用。

研究内容
①在合理分析的基础上选择合适的粉碎机类型。
②粉碎机的功耗很好，研究如何在保证粉碎效率和质量的基础上，提高度电产量。
③锤片的合理选择和设计也直接影响到粉碎的效率，锤片的厚度和形状的选择。
④在提高产量和质量的基础上筛片的孔的直接的大小的确定
⑤排料方式的确定和选择。
拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析
研究方法： 一方面根据任务书搜集各类参考书，根据老师的要求，按步骤走，同时找到一些以前和这个课题相关的设计，借鉴参考，在吃透课本知识的同时根据课题需要扩展延伸，熟练运用CAD,UG画图软件，作为毕业设计的最基本的基础，对于《机械设计》《机械制造基础》课程要格外关注。不懂不了解的地方及时询问老师，同学，或者到网上查阅。
技术路线：针对这个设计课题要熟悉各种机械加工工艺技术的具体概况，在加工时会用到各种机床，材料，以及材料本身的优劣的选择，熟悉它们，懂得它们的作用，能作出什么样的工件，适合怎么样的加工等等。了解这些，为此次设计作为技术基础。
实验方案及可行性分析：首先仔细阅读任务书，认真分析设计出来的机器需要达到什么样的标准，在此基础上合理的选择合适的锤片，锤片在转子上的分布，筛片上孔径的大小等等，以达到在满足成品要求的基础上实现度电产量最大化这个目的。合理选择，以达到满足设计的要求。

研究计划及预期成果
第1—2周 查找资料、文献综述、开题报告
第3—4周 确定锤片粉碎机的类型，并进行初步构思
第5—5周 拟定设计路线
第6—9周 锤片的选择，电机的选择以及筛片孔径大小的选择
第10—14周 图纸的设计和完成
第15—15周 论文初稿
第15—17周 论文复稿，编制产品使用说明书
第18—18周 毕业答辩
预期成果：希望一切顺利，自己能顺利完成毕业设计！在保证粉碎质量的基础上实现节能高效。
特色或创新之处
适用于饲料加工业的优化设计，力求在不影响饲料质量的前提下最大限度的减少成本，并降低工人的劳动强度和生产成本。
已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题
针对实际机械加工过程中存在的工时定额问题，综合所学的机械理论设计、方法及工艺装备，提高机械零件加工的精度及工艺成本，进而提升学生开发和创新机械产品的能力。

指导教师意见

指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室（学科组、研究所）意见

教研室主任签名：
年 月 日
系意见

主管领导签名：
年 月 日

英文原文
4 Sheet metal forming and blanking
4.1 Principles of die manufacture
4.1.1 Classification of dies
In metalforming,the geometry of the workpiece is established entirely or partially by the geometry of the die.In contrast to machining processes,ignificantly greater forces are necessary in forming.Due to the complexity of the parts,forming is often not carried out in a single operation.Depending on the geometry of the part,production is carried out in several operational steps via one or several production processes such as forming or blanking.One operation can also include several processes simultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4).
During the design phase,the necessary manufacturing methods as well as the sequence and number of production steps are established in a processing plan(Fig.4.1.1).In this plan,the availability of machines,the planned production volumes of the part and other boundary conditions are taken into account.
The aim is to minimize the number of dies to be used while keeping up a high level of operational reliability.The parts are greatly simplified right from their design stage by close collaboration between the Part Design and Production Departments in order to enable several forming and related blanking processes to be carried out in one forming station.
Obviously,the more operations which are integrated into a single die,the more complex the structure of the die becomes.The consequences are higher costs,a decrease in output and a lower reliability.

Fig.4.1.1 Production steps for the manufacture of an oil sump
Types of dies
The type of die and the closely related transportation of the part between dies is determined in accordance with the forming procedure,the size of the part in question and the production volume of parts to be produced.
The production of large sheet metal parts is carried out almost exclusively using single sets of dies.Typical parts can be found in automotive manufacture,the domestic appliance industry and radiator production.Suitable transfer systems,for example vacuum suction systems,allow the installation of double-action dies in a sufficiently large mounting area.In this way,for example,the right and left doors of a car can be formed jointly in one working stroke(cf.Fig.4.4.34).
Large size single dies are installed in large presses.The transportation of the parts from one forming station to another is carried out mechanically.In a press line with single presses installed one behind the other,feeders or robots can be used(cf.Fig.4.4.20 to 4.4.22),whilst in large-panel transfer presses,systems equipped with gripper rails(cf.Fig.4.4.29)or crossbar suction systems(cf.Fig.4.4.34)are used to transfer the parts.
Transfer dies are used for the production of high volumes of smaller and medium size parts(Fig.4.1.2).They consist of several single dies,which are mounted on a common base plate.The sheet metal is fed through mostly in blank form and also transported individually from die to die.If this part transportation is automated,the press is called a transfer press.The largest transfer dies are used together with single dies in large-panel transfer presses(cf.Fig.4.4.32).
In progressive dies,also known as progressive blanking dies,sheet metal parts are blanked in several stages;generally speaking no actual forming operation takes place.The sheet metal is fed from a coil or in the form of metal strips.Using an appropriate arrangement of the blanks within the available width of the sheet metal,an optimal material usage is ensured(cf.Fig.4.5.2 to 4.5.5). The workpiece remains fixed to the strip skeleton up until the la

Fig.4.1.2 Transfer die set for the production of an automatic transmission for an automotive application
-st operation.The parts are transferred when the entire strip is shifted further in the work flow direction after the blanking operation.The length of the shift is equal to the center line spacing of the dies and it is also called the step width.Side shears,very precise feeding devices or pilot pins ensure feed-related part accuracy.In the final production operation,the finished part,i.e.the last part in the sequence,is disconnected from the skeleton.A field of application for progressive blanking tools is,for example,in the production of metal rotors or stator blanks for electric motors(cf.Fig.4.6.11 and 4.6.20).
In progressive compound dies smaller formed parts are produced in several sequential operations.In contrast to progressive dies,not only blanking but also forming operations are performed.However, the workpiece also remains in the skeleton up to the last operation(Fig.4.1.3 and cf.Fig.4.7.2).Due to the height of the parts,the metal strip must be raised up,generally using lifting edges or similar lifting devices in order to allow the strip metal to be transported mechanically.Pressed metal parts which cannot be produced within a metal strip because of their geometrical dimensions are alternatively produced on transfer sets.

Fig.4.1.3 Reinforcing part of a car produced in a strip by a compound die set
Next to the dies already mentioned,a series of special dies are available for special individual applications.These dies are,as a rule,used separately.Special operations make it possible,however,for special dies to be integrated into an operational Sequence.Thus,for example,in flanging dies several metal parts can be joined together positively through the bending of certain metal sections(Fig.4.1.4and cf.Fig.2.1.34).During this operation reinforcing parts,glue or other components can be introduced.
Other special dies locate special connecting elements directly into the press.Sorting and positioning elements,for example,bring stamping nuts synchronised with the press cycles into the correct position so that the punch heads can join them with the sheet metal part(Fig.4.1.5).If there is sufficient space available,forming and blanking operations can be carried out on the same die.
Further examples include bending,collar-forming,stamping,fine blanking,wobble blanking and welding operations(cf.Fig.4.7.14 and4.7.15).

Fig.4.1.4 A hemming die

Fig.4.1.5 A pressed part with an integrated punched nut

4.1.2 Die development
Traditionally the business of die engineering has been influenced by the automotive industry.The following observations about the die development are mostly related to body panel die construction.Essential statements are,however,made in a fundamental context,so that they are applicable to all areas involved with the production of sheet-metal forming and blanking dies.
Timing cycle for a mass produced car body panel
Until the end of the 1980s some car models were still being produced for six to eight years more or less unchanged or in slightly modified form.Today,however,production time cycles are set for only five years or less(Fig.4.1.6).Following the new different model policy,the demands ondie makers have also changed fundamentally.Comprehensive contracts of much greater scope such as Simultaneous Engineering(SE)contracts are becoming increasingly common.As a result,the die maker is often involved at the initial development phase of the metal part as well as in the planning phase for the production process.Therefore,a much broader involvement is established well before the actual die development is initiated.

Fig.4.1.6 Time schedule for a mass produced car body panel

The timetable of an SE project
Within the context of the production process for car body panels,only a minimal amount of time is allocated to allow for the manufacture of the dies.With large scale dies there is a run-up period of about 10 months in which design and die try-out are included.In complex SE projects,which have to be completed in 1.5 to 2 years,parallel tasks must be carried out.Furthermore,additional resources must be provided before and after delivery of the dies.These short periods call for pre-cise planning,specific know-how,available capacity and the use of the latest technological and communications systems.The timetable shows the individual activities during the manufacturing of the dies for the production of the sheet metal parts(Fig.4.1.7).The time phases for large scale dies are more or less similar so that this timetable can be considered to be valid in general.
Data record and part drawing
The data record and the part drawing serve as the basis for all subsequent processing steps.They describe all the details of the parts to be produced. The information given in the

Fig.4.1.7 Timetable for an SE project
part drawing includes: part identification,part numbering,sheet metal thickness,sheet metal quality,tolerances of the finished part etc.(cf.Fig.4.7.17).
To avoid the production of physical models(master patterns),the CAD data should describe the geometry of the part completely by means of line,surface or volume models.As a general rule,high quality surface data with a completely filleted and closed surface geometry must be made available to all the participants in a project as early as possible.
Process plan and draw development
The process plan,which means the operational sequence to be followed in the production of the sheet metal component,is developed from the data record of the finished part(cf.Fig.4.1.1).Already at this point in time,various boundary conditions must be taken into account:the sheet metal material,the press to be used,transfer of the parts into the press,the transportation of scrap materials,the undercuts as well as the
sliding pin installations and their adjustment.
The draw development,i.e.the computer aided design and layout of the blank holder area of the part in the first forming stage–if need bealso the second stage–,requires a process planner with considerable experience(Fig.4.1.8).In order to recognize and avoid problems in areas which are difficult to draw,it is necessary to manufacture a physical analysis model of the draw development.With this model,the
forming conditions of the drawn part can be reviewed and final modifications introduced,which are eventually incorporated into the data record(Fig.4.1.9).
This process is being replaced to some extent by intelligent simulation methods,through which the potential defects of the formed component can be predicted and analysed interactively on the computer display.
Die design
After release of the process plan and draw development and the press,the design of the die can be started.As a rule,at this stage,the standards and manufacturing specifications required by the client must be considered.Thus,it is possible to obtain a unified die design and to consider the particular requests of the customer related to warehousing of standard,replacement and wear parts.Many dies need to be designed so that they can be installed in different types of presses.Dies are frequently installed both in a production press as well as in two different separate back-up presses.In this context,the layout of the die clamping elements,pressure pins and scrap disposal channels on different presses must be taken into account.Furthermore,it must be noted that drawing dies working in a single-action press may be installed in a double-action press(cf.Sect.3.1.3 and Fig.4.1.16).

Fig.4.1.8 CAD data record for a draw development
In the design and sizing of the die,it is particularly important to consider the freedom of movement of the gripper rail and the crossbar transfer elements(cf.Sect.4.1.6).These describe the relative movements between the components of the press transfer system and the die components during a complete press working stroke.The lifting movement of the press slide,the opening and closing movements of the gripper rails and the lengthwise movement of the whole transfer are all superimposed.The dies are designed so that collisions are avoided and a minimum clearance of about 20 mm is set between all the moving parts.

15

中文译文
4 金属板料的成形及冲裁
4. 模具制造原理
4.1.1模具的分类
在金属成形的过程中，工件的几何形状完全或部分建立在模具几何形状的基础上的。与机械加工相比，在成形时明显更大的压力是必要的。由于零件的复杂性，往往不是只进行一次操作就能成形的。根据零件的几何形状，通过由一个或几个生产过程例如成形或冲裁的几个操作步骤进行生产。一个操作也可以同时完成几个过程。
在设计阶段，合理的生产步骤、生产次序以及生产工序数都由生产计划来决定（如图4.1.1）。在这个计划中，应该对机器的可利用性、零件的计划生产量和其他限