曲轴左部零件的机加工艺及铣夹具设计模板.doc
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1、题 目 F125曲轴左部零件机加工艺及铣夹具设计 英文并列题目 F125 crankshaft left parts machining and milling fixture design 摘 要轴类零件是机器中常常碰到经典零件之一。它关键用来支承传动零部件,传输扭矩和承受载荷。轴类零件是旋转体零件,其长度大于直径,通常由同心轴外圆柱面、圆锥面、内孔和螺纹及对应端面所组成。依据结构形状不一样,轴类零件可分为光轴、阶梯轴、空心轴和曲轴等。轴长径比小于5mm称为短轴,大于20mm称为细长轴,大多数轴介于二者之间。轴用轴承支承,和轴承配合轴段称为轴颈。轴颈是轴装配基准,它们精度和表面质量通常要求较
2、高,其技术要求通常依据轴关键功用和工作条件制订,通常有以下几项:轴类零件中工艺规程制订,直接关系到工件质量、劳动生产率和经济效益。一零件能够有多个不一样加工方法,但只有某一个较合理,在制订机械加工工艺规程中,须注意以下几点。1.零件图工艺分析中,需了解零件结构特点、精度、材质、热处理等技术要求,且要研究产品装配图,部件装配图及验收标准。2.粗基准选择:有非加工表面,应选非加工表面作为粗基准。对全部表面全部需加工铸件轴,依据加工余量最小表面找正。且选择平整光滑表面,让开浇口处。选牢靠可靠表面为粗基准,同时,粗基准不可反复使用。3.精基准选择:要符合基准重合标准,尽可能选设计基准或装配基准作为定位
3、基准。符合基准统一标准。尽可能在多数工序中用同一个定位基准。尽可能使定位基准和测量基准重合。选择精度高、安装稳定可靠表面为精基准。关键词:?轴类零件、机械加工工艺分析、铣工夹具ABSTRACTThe axis class components are one which of typical components in the machine meets frequently. It mainly uses for the supporting transmission spare part, the transmission torque and the absorbing load. Th
4、e axis class components are the solid of revolution components, its length is bigger than the diameter, generally by with spindles outer annulus cylinder, the circular conical surface, in the hole and the thread and the corresponding end surface is composed. According to the structure shapes differe
5、nce, the axis class components may divide into the optical axis, the steps and ladders axis, the canon and the crank and so on. the axiss length to diameter ratio is smaller than 5mm is called the minor axis, is bigger than 20mm is called the thin major axis, mostly the number axis is situated betwe
6、en both. the axis with the bearing supporting, is called the journal with the bearing coordinations axis section. The journal is the axis assembly datum, their precision and the surface quality general request are high, its specification acts according to the axis generally the main function and the
7、 working condition formulation, usually has the following several items: (1) Size precision Plays the supporting role the journal for the true dead axles position, usually is high to its size accuracy requirement (IT5IT7). The assembly passes on the moving parts the journal size precision general re
8、quest to be low (IT6IT9). (2) Geometrical shape precision The axis class components geometrical shape precision is mainly refers to the journal, the male cone, the Morse awl hole and so on roundness, the cylindricity and so on, generally should limit its common difference in the size tolerance inter
9、val. To the accuracy requirement high in outer annulus surface, should label its allowable deviation on the blueprint. (3) Mutual position precision The axis class components position accuracy requirement is mainly decides by the axis in machinery position and the function. Usually should guarantee
10、that the assembly passes on the moving parts the journal to supporting journals proper alignment request, will otherwise affect will pass on the moving parts (gear and so on) the transmission precision, and will have the noise. General precisions axis, its coordinate axis section to supporting journ
11、als radial direction beat is generally 0.010.03mm, the high accuracy axis (for example main axle) usually is 0.0010.005mm.(4) Surface roughness Generally with passes on the axle diameter surface roughness which the moving parts coordinate for Ra2.50.63m, coordinates the supporting axle diameters sur
12、face roughness with the bearing for Ra0.630.16m. In axis class components technological process making, direct relation work piece quality, labor productivity and economic efficiency. Components may have several different processing methods, but only then one kind reasonable, in the making machine-f
13、inishing technological process, must pay attention to the following several spots. 1. Detail drawing process study, must understand components specifications and so on unique feature, precision, material quality, heat treatment, and must study the product assembly drawing, part assembly drawing and
14、inspection standard. 2. Thick datum choice: Has the non-processing surface, the elected non-processing surface takes the thick datum. Casting axis which must process to all surfaces, adjusts according to the machining allowance smallest surface. And chooses the smooth smooth surface, makes way the r
15、unner place. Chooses the reliable reliable surface is the thick datum, simultaneously, the thick datum cannot duplicate uses. 3. Fine datum choice: Must conform to the datum superposition principle, chooses the design datum or the assembly datum as far as possible takes the localization datum. Confo
16、rms to the datum uniform principles. Uses the identical localization datum as far as possible in the most working procedures. Causes the localization datum and the measuring basis superposition as far as possible. The choice precision is high, the installment stable reliable surface is the fine datu
17、m.Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer control, NC, Fair incision machine, Design目 录第1章 零件分析11.1 零件作用11.2 零件工艺分析1第2章 零件工艺规程编制72.1 确定毛坯制造形式7 2.1.1 材料选择7 2.1.2 铸造方法82.2 基准面选择12 2.2.1 粗基准选择12 2.2.2 精基准选择142.3 确定表面加工方法152.4 确定工艺过程16 2.4.1 加工阶段划分16 2.4.2 加工工序确定172.5 工艺分析计算21 2.5.1 余量、工序尺寸确实定21 2.5.2 确定切削用
18、量22第3章 夹具设计233.1 机床夹具基础概念及分类23 3.1.1 定义23 3.1.2 机床夹具分类23 3.1.3 夹具组成元件233.2 研究原始资料,明确设计任务243.3 定位方案253.4 定位基准和定为元件选择25 3.4.1 定位基准选择25 3.4.2 定为元件选择253.5 夹具结构设计273.6 工件夹紧283.7 定位误差分析和计算293.8 夹具使用和维护注意事项29结论30参考文件31 第1章 零件分析1.1 零件作用题目所给定零件是F125摩托车发动机上曲轴左部,它和曲轴右部、曲轴销、连杆大头滚针轴承组成曲轴连杆机构。连杆将活塞承受气体力传给曲轴,使活塞往复
19、运动变为曲轴旋转运动。曲轴左部将发动机产生动力传至主动皮带及V型皮带离心式自动变速机构。曲轴左部1:5锥面供安磁电机飞轮转子用,当发动机处于膨胀作功过程时,飞轮转子将功效吸收,当发动机在非作功过程时,飞轮转子则将能量释放,使曲轴工作时平稳旋转。1.2 零件工艺分析基于零件用途,该回转面除了对定位精度有很高要求外,对零件强度、结构和尺寸稳定性要求也很高。具体分析以下:图2图2所表示,因为零件该轴颈部分要确保基准A,要求加工精度高,故其加工经济精度为IT6级。采取高频淬火。具体尺寸为表面粗糙度为Ra=0.4m,距离齿轮端面15mm,具体尺寸为mm,对其进行精磨加工。图3图3所表示,该回转面是螺纹面
20、,在进行滚丝之前,先对其进行精磨,表面粗糙度达成Ra=1.6m,再用滚丝机进行滚丝,具体尺寸为M12X1.25-69。所表示是一个肩距为2mm,许可2x退刀槽。图4图4所表示,mm孔加工精度为IT7级,内孔壁表面粗糙度为Ra=0.4m,孔中心线和轴两中心孔(即基准B、C)平行度为100:0.02,孔圆柱度为0.01mm,孔右端面为一深为1.3mm圆弧形槽,该圆弧中心到轴中心距mm,该孔具体尺寸为mm。图5图5所表示,在直径为mm回转面上车二分之一径为R1.5mm凹槽,该凹槽表面粗糙度为Ra=6.3m,故加工精度为IT10级。槽右端和左端面距离为18.8mm,深度为0.5mm。图6图6所表示,该
21、回转面为一锥面。采取高频淬火该锥面表面粗糙度为Ra=0.4m,故加工精度为IT7级。该锥面锥角为11025,16,配合公差为,尺寸为mm。图7图6、图7所表示,在该圆锥面上键槽。该槽底面表面粗糙度为Ra=6.3m,故加工精度为IT10级。槽宽度为mm,两侧端面表面粗糙度为Ra=3.2mm,和基准A对称度为0.12。加工该槽时,刀具中心和圆锥面那一段左端面距离为13mm。夹具设计中所要设计即是加工该键槽铣工夹具。图8图9图8、图9所表示,因为该表面形状极其复杂、精度不是很高。且用机床比较难加工,用加工中心加工则成本太高,所以在铸造毛坯时,直接将该表面形状直接铸造出来。图10图10所表示,该中心孔
22、是基准C,孔内壁表面粗糙度Ra=1.6m,孔径分别为mm、mm,孔张开角度分别为600、1200。图11图11所表示,直径为mm回转面两端面和角向定位K垂直度为0.03mm,两端面和基准B和基准C垂直度为100:0.02,平面度为0.02mm,表面粗糙度为Ra=1.6mm,故加工精度为IT7级。该回转面宽度为mm。参考于几何量公差和检测、机械设计手册单行本第2章 零件工艺规程设计2.1 确定毛坯制造形式2.1.1 材料选择 曲轴左部工作时要承受很大转矩及交变弯曲应力,轻易产生扭振、折断及轴颈磨损,所以要求用材应有较高强度、冲击韧度、疲惫强度和耐磨性。毛坯为钢模锻件。曲轴左部毛坯依据批量大小、尺
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