非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解.doc

(完整word)非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解
非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括不定式（to do)、动名词(－ing）、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化.
形式
对比项目
动词不定式
(to do）
动名词(doing)
现在分词(doing）
过去分词(done）
意义
相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味
相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作
相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味
相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义
充当句子成分
主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语
主语、宾语、表语、定语
表语、宾补、定语、状语
表语、宾补、定语、状语
形式
主动一般式
to do
doing
doing
done
被动式
to be done
being done
being done

主动完成式
to have done
having done
having done

被动完成式
to have been done
having been done
having been done

否定式
在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not

动词。ing形式的要点
1．。ing的形式
2。­ing形式的基本用法
（1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.
(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.
（3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.
②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.
③ do＋限定词(my， some, any， the等)＋v。。ing，表示 “做…事”之 如 do some cleaning打扫卫生 do some shopping购物
④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics。
⑤作形容词worth， busy等的宾语:
This book is well worth reading。
只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持　 consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 想象 can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要 can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解
常见的带介词to的短语：　　
be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关 get down to 着手做 contribute to 贡献 put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于 lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对
look forward to 盼望 object to 反对stick to  坚持 pay attention to 注意

(4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.
（5）作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes。
可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see， watch， hear, observe， feel， find， have, keep等。
（6)作状语：①时间状语 ：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.
分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while,
如:When crossing street, you must be careful。
②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday。
③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
3。 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态—ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.
4。 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态—ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定
语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.
5。 被动语态—ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。
如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library。
6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为—ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，
如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.
7.分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用。例如:
Weather permitting， they will go and visit the science museum。
The meeting being over, they all left the room。
Given more time， we could do it better.
The moon appearing， they decided to go on with their journey.
She stood there， book in hand。
Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner。
8. with + 复合宾语结构
(1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full.
（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.
（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 He was asleep with his head on his arms.
（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + —ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her。
With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.
（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left， we arrived here.
（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + —en分词 With his matter settled， we left the room.
【2012全国卷II】⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope C。 hoped D. having hoped
【答案】A
【2012重庆】23。 ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A。 Having been asked B. To ask C。 Having asked D. To be asked
【答案】A
【答案】A
【2012全国】28。 The party will be held in the garden， weather .
A。 permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D。 permit
【答案】A
【2012北京】23。 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C。 to correct D。 correcting
【答案】D
【2012福建】34。 Pressed from his parents， and ____ that he has wasted too much time， the boy is determined to stop playing video games。
A。 realizing B. realized C. to realize D。 being realized
【答案】A
【2012陕西】15。 _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad。
A。 Standing B。 To stand C. Stood D。 Stand
【答案】A
【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7：00 pm last night， was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B。 being starting C。 to start D. to be started
【答案】A
【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.
A。 left B. to leave C。 leaving D。 having left
【答案】C
【2012辽宁】25。 The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____。
A. to follow B。 following C. followed D. follows
【答案】B
【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A。 to wind B。 wind C. winding D。 wound
【答案】C