动名词的用法及练习题.doc

(完整版)动名词的用法及练习题
动名词的用法
1．动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1)作主语
动名词是由动词变化而来，所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：
Walking is good exercise。
走路是很好的运动
Seeing is believing。 眼见为实。
Smoking may cause cancer。 吸烟可能导致癌症。
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours。 
乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉.
动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"和"There is …”两种句式来表示.例如：
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it。
把它复制三份需要时间。
 It’s nice talking with you。  和你谈话很高兴.
It’s no use arguing with him。 
跟他争论没用。
It is no use sending him over。 It’s too late already。
派他去没用，已经太晚了。
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
要把一切按时准备好很困难.
It is no use waiting for him any longer.
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice。
学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.
用这种方法去测量光速是危险的.
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no joking about such matters。
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no harm in doing so. 
这样做没有害处。
There is no littering about.
不许乱扔杂物。
 2)作定语
 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义.例如：
 swimming pool 游泳池    reading material 阅读材料
walking stick 手杖     floating needle 浮针
opening speech 开幕词    listening aid 助听器
waiting room 候车室    running water 自来水
developing countries 发展中国家  working people 劳动人民
sleeping child 熟睡孩子
 3）作表语
 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：
 His part—time job is promoting new products for the company。 （动名词）
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品.
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent。（动名词）
读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习.
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west。 (动名词）
他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。
  动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”（与不定式短语的意义相近），而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如：
 The situation is very much encouraging.（现在分词)
形势非常令人鼓舞。
His present job is not that stimulating as he expected。 （现在分词）
他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。
 Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式)
他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。
His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式）
他的愿望是当飞行员。
4）作宾语.如:
He is fond of playing football。
I like swimming.
①admit,appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist,risk,suggest，can’t help(情不自禁），can't stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。
②forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
Let's go on studying Lesson 6。 （让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分。)
Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。)
I remember doing the exercise。 （我记得做过练习.）
I must remember to do it。 (我必须记着做这事。）
I tried not to go there。 (我设法不去那里。）
I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）
Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk。 (他停下来讲话.）
I mean to come early today。 （我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时.）
③在allow，advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Her method is worth trying。
⑤在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept） busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time（in)，there’s no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon。
⑥在love,hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.
⑦start,begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant。
⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。
5）动名词作状语 
动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden。 (时间)
打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。
Coming into the room， she saw everybody already at their work。 (时间)
进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作.
Being ill， he couldn’t go to school. （原因)
因为生病，他不能去上学。
Having no interest in the topic， he didn’t go to the lecture。 (原因）
由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。
Working diligently, you will certainly succeed。 （条件)
只要刻苦学习，你会成功的.
Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件)
利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。
Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired。 （让步)
（尽管）成绩是巨大的，（但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was caught in a traffic jam， thus causing the delay. （结果）
我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。
Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities。 （方式）
我们坐火车访问了好多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book。 （伴随）
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
6）动名词作定语
动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：
a smiling face 笑脸
a leading figure 领导人物
动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：
easy-going man 好说话的人
swimming pool 游泳池
sleeping-pill 安眠药片
dining-car 餐车
当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。
She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.
她乘坐了去上海的火车.
There are two roads before us， one leading to the beach, the other to the park。
= There are two roads before us， one which leads to the beach， the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园.

2，练习题
Ⅰ、单项选择:
1。No one enjoys _______ at。
A。 laughing　 B。 to laugh  C。 being laughed　D。 to be laughed
2.You must do something to prevent your house _______。
A. to be broken in 　 B. from being broken in
C. to break in　　　　 D. from breaking in
3.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.
A。 given　　　B。 giving　　C. being given　D. to be given
4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here。
  --- You shouldn't have left it here。 Remember _______ it with you all the time.
A。 to put;to take　　B。 putting；taking
C. putting；to take　 D. to put;taking
5.His room needs _______， so he must have it _______。
A. painting；painted　　B. painted;painting
C。 painting；painting　 D. painted；painted
6。After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.
A. write　　　B。 writing　　C。 wrote　　D. to write
7.The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.
A。 looking after　　　 B。 to look after
C。 to be looked after　 D。 taken good care of
8.Only _______ English doesn’t mean _______ the language。
A. to learn；to learn    B。 learning；learning
C. learning about；learn  D. learning about；learning
9。She returned home only to find the door open and something _______。
A. missed　　B。 to be missing   C。 missing　　D. to be missed
10.She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.
A. to study 　B. studying  C. to studying  D. study
11.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it。
A。 putting back  B。 put back  C. to put back 　D. be put back
12。As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.
A。 hear；post　　　　　　 B. hearing；to post
C. be heard；posting 　 D。 be hearing；to posting
13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting。
A. to read　　　 B. to see　　　 C. reading　　　 C. in seeing
14。Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.
A. is　　　 B。 are　　　 C。 was　　　 D. were
15.We appreciate _______ us to the ball。
A. them to invite　B。 to invite  C. their inviting　D。 being invited
16.Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I’m trying _______ a form。
A. keeping;filling out    B。 to keep；to fill out
C。 keeping；to fill out    D。 to keep；filling out
17.He was afraid _______ for being late。
A。 of seeing　　B。 of being seen  C. to be seen　 D. to have seen
18。I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.
A. to put off 　 B. putting off  C. put off 　D. to be put off
19.I don’t see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______。
A. finish；helping    B. to finish;being helped
C。 finishing；helping  D. finishing；being helped
20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.
A. doing；being done    B. doing；doing
C。 to be done；to be done    D. to be done;being done
21. We advised them to take a re 159 st， but they insisted _______ the work.
A. finish　　　 B。 to finish　C。 in finishing D。 on finishing
22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.
A. answe 1ab1 r　　　 B。 answering　　　 C。 writing　　　 D. to post
23。 The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.
A。 to be caught　　B。 be caught  C。 being caught 　 D。 catching
24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn’t there。 At first, I thought I _______ it at home。 Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.
A。 must have left；to take   B. may leave；taking
C. might leave;to take    D. could have left；taking
25。 _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears。
A。 After hearing 　 B。 On hearing  C。 While hearing　D. Having heard
26。  _______ his mother， the baby could not help _______.
A。 To see；to laugh　 B。 Seeing；to laugh
C. Seeing;laughing　 D。 To see；laughing
27.It's no use _______ so much money on clothes.
A。 spend　　　 B。 spent　　 C. spending　　 D. being spent
28。The sentence needs _______.
A。 improve　　B。 a improvement  C. improving D。 improved
29。If he succeeded _______ a job， his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger 　now.
A. to find　　 B。 to look for  C。 in finding　D. in looking for
30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young.
A. taking　　　B。 taken　　C. being taken　D。 to take　
Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：
1。 Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island？ （stay）
2。 I can’t understand your _______ at that poor child. （laugh）
3。 She didn't mind _______ overtime。 (work)
4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______， and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write； paint)
5。 We are looking forward to Mary’s _______. (come)
6。 She was praised for _______ the life of the child。 (save)
7。 She ought to be praised instead of _______。 (criticize）.
8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship？ （win)
9。 He came to the party without _______。 （invite)　

Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：
1。我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
2。今天去没有用， 他不会在家.
3。你写完作文了吗?
4。请原谅我来晚了.
5。他不声不响地走了进来.
6。他走进来了, 没有被看见.

动名词专项练习题参考答案
Ⅰ、1.C　 2。B　 3。C　 4。C　 5。A　 6.D　 7。A　 8.D　 9.C　 10。C
　 11。C　12。B　13。C　14.A　15.C　16.C　17.B　18.B　19。B　20.A
　 21。D　22。B　23.C　24.D　25。B　26。C　27.C　28。C　29。C　30。C　
Ⅱ、1。staying　　　　 2.laughing　     3。working
　 4。writing； painting　 ing　　 6。having saved
　 7。being criticized　　8.winning 　    9.being invited　
Ⅲ、1.My favourite sport is swimming.
　 2.It's no use going there today. He won’t be in；(can’t be in）.
　 3。Have you finished writing your composition？
　 4.Excuse me for being；（coming）；late。
　 5。He entered the room without making any noise.
　 6。He entered the room without being seen。