高中状语从句导学案.doc

状语从句
思维导图
易考易错点总结
状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上，尤其要重视as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。具体来说主要包括：
1． 考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的区别。
如：时间状语的连词有while, when，as，as soon as，until，not…until，before, after, since等；条件状语从句的连词有if，unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等；结果状语从句的连词有so…that(如此……以至于), such…that(如此……以至于)等。
2． 考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。
如：no sooner…than…，hardly…when…，scarcely…before…，the moment/minute，directly。
3． 考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义。
如：as既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句；where能引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。
4． 考查状语从句的时态。
主要考查在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。
5． 考查状语从句的省略。
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is＋形容词”结构，也可以省略it is。
6． 考查状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。
如：when引导时间状语从句意为“当……的时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，引导宾语从句意为“是否”等。

一． 状语含义：修饰___词、_____词、____词或____，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.
二．状语从句：在主从复合句中做状语的从句。结构为：句子+引导词作状语。
如：He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
三． 状语从句分类：
时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
状语从句名称
常用连词
时间
When, while, as,as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely...when, since(自从),once,whenever, before, after ,till, until, the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly,),by the time, every time, each time, as long as(=so long as)
地点
Where, wherever
条件
If, unless, once(一旦…就),in case(that)（万一）,so long as(as long as),on condition that ,as far as(so far as)
原因
Because, since(既然),now that, as , ,seeing that(看到……),considering that(考虑到……)
结果
Such(a, an)…that, so…that, so, so that, that…
目的
So that in order that, for fear that, in case（以防，以免）
让步
Though, although, as, ever if= even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom, whether or not= whether …or not(不管…与否)
比较
As…as, not so/as…as, more…than, less…than
方式
As, just as, as if=as though
练习题
1.While I was walking along the street, I found many beatiful buildings ( )
2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )
3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （ ）
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )
5. So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )
6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. ( )
7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )
8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( )
9.He is taller than I am.( )
一. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用1）When, while, as, 2）as soon as, hardly…when/before , no sooner…than, scarcely...when,whenever3）since(自从),once,, before, after ,till, until,
4）the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, the day,the year ,）by the time, every time, each time,next time，any time . the first time ,the second time 5）immediately, instantly，directly),等词来引导。
例如：
It was raining hard ____ I got to school yesterday.
_____ he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
______ he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese ____ he came to China.
____ he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
He was ill ______ I saw him.
No sooner had she heard the news ____ he cried.
1.连接词when的用法小结
1)when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是____，也可以是_____的。如：
____ the film ended, they went back.
_____ I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2). When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：
was doing something…when
was about to do…when
was on the point of doing sth... when…
had done…when
3) when可以表“既然”，如：
How can I help them to understand ____ they won’t listen to me?
练习题-填空
1..We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.
2. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
4. －Did Jack come back early last night?
－Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
5. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
2.连接词while的用法小结
1. while可用来引导时间状语，意为“_______”；引导的动作必须是___，如：
Please don’t talk so loud____ others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“_____”，表示对比。
Jane was dressed in brown _____ Mary was dressed in blue.
3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“_____”；相当于___
____ I admit that the problems are difficult , I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
4 趁…的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了
Strike _____ the iron is hot.
练习
1.The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while

2. ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
3. ________it is true that a student’s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesn’t need to be the only goal.
A when B As C While D Before
4. Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.(全国)
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
3.as用法小结
1.引导时间状语从句：强调同时发生或紧接着 发生，动作无先后。
①当……时候 ②一边……一边…… ③随着
2.引导原因状语从句：____
3.引导方式状语从句：___
4.引导让步状语从句：_____, 必须用______
5.引导比较状语从句：as…as…______
6.引导定语从句：_____
7.介词：______
练习题——猜测词义，as用法小结
1.As I left the house, I forgot the key.________
2. As I get older, I get more optimistic.________
3. He hurried home, looking behind as he went._______
4. As the weather is so bad, we have to stay home._______
5. You can do it as you like.______
6. Old as he is, he is still energetic._______
7. He speaks English as fluently as a native speaker.________
4.比较while, when, as
类别
作 用
例 句
as
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when
(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)

注意事项：
a. as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。
b. 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。例如：
　　When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
c. 从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。例如：
　As the day went on, the weather got worse.　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
练习题-用while, when, as 填空：
① __________I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
② ____________ John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
③ ____________ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
④ How can he get good grades __________ he won’t study? (他不好好学习却能得高分，他是怎么做到的？When表示虽然)
⑤ I was wandering through the street_________ I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
⑥ _________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
对比练习1. We were about to leave____ it began to rain.
2. She thought I was talking about her son, ____, in fact, I was talking about my son.
3. Hardly had I finished my composition ____ the bell rang.
A. when B. while C. as D. during

5.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
till, until和not…until
1..until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“_____”。如： We waited until/till he came.
2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“_______”。如：He won’t go to bed until her father returns.
3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
练习题
1. －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
3. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
6.连接词before的小结
说出before含义
1． We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.___________
2． We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired._______________
3． Please write it down before you forget it._______________
4． Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.___________
before 的有关句型
1）It will be/＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”
It will be two years before he leaves the country.
2） It was +时间段+before 从句 （动作已发生）
It was three weeks before he came back
3） It will not be long before…“不多久就会……”
It won’t be long before she comes back
4） It was not long before…“不多久就……了”
如： It wasn’t long before he left the country.
5）It is＋时间＋since…如：
It is three years since she was in the army.
It is three years since she joined the army.
7. since的用法
1）. I have returned home four times since I came here.
2）. She has been working here since he left school.
3）. I have seen her twice since he lived here.
4）. It is three years since the war broke out.
5）. It was years since I had seen her.
译：_____________________________________
总结：
It is +some time + since + did.
It was +some time + since+ had done.
练习题
1. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
2. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
3. －Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
－He rushed out of the room____I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
4. It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. Because
对比练习
1. It will be years ____ we meet again.
2. It is ten years ____ I came to this town.
3. It is ten years ago ____ I came to this town.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
8.hardly / scarcely … When/before , no sooner … than, as soon as表示“一……就” ， once(一旦).如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必
须倒装。
Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
______ I have finished it , I’ll give you a call.
_____ you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got into the country ____ it began to rain.=___________________ when it began to rain.用部分倒装)
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived _____ she started complaining.
9.directly, immediately,instantly , the moment, the minute … 一……就
He made for the door _______he heard the knock.
10.一些含有time的名词短语，如the first /second/last time,every time, each time, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。
The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。
在时间和条件从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示一般将来或者用现在完成表示将来完成。
e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
Don’t get off the bus until the bus has stopped .
练习题
1. －Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
－Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. although
2. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
3. ______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly
C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
二. 条件状语从句
  引导状语从句的连接词有:
If“如果”, unless 相当于 if not“除非，如果不”, as /so long as只要, in case假使, 如果, provided/providing( that), 假如Suppose/supposing( that),假如,
on condition that条件是…As (so) far as --- 据……所知
given ( that),鉴于、考虑
1.if “如果”，表示正面的条件.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If you work harder,you will succeed.
Work harder, ______you will succeed.
Work harder,________ you won’t succeed.
________ harder,you will succeed.
2. on condition that, suppose(that), supposing (that)(假如)in case(万一),provided (that), providing (that)倘若)等也可引导条件状语从句。
e.g.
You may borrow the book, __________ that you do not lend it to others.
________ (that)I don’t have a day off, what shall we do？
______(that) there is no opposition, I will act as the representative of our school.
练习题
1._____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. Because B. As far as C. If D. Even if
2.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait.
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
三. 让步状语从句
引导词有though, although，even though, even if, as(倒装),while(尽管)whoever, whatever, however, no matter=what/when/who/how…, whether…or…　etc.
1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有___，但是 可和(and)yet可连用。例如：
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.　
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
Though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。2） as引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
例如：Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Though也可以用于倒装，但其可倒装可不倒装。
Child though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
3） ever if, even though　即使。
例如： We＇ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4）  whether…or…　不管……都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5）　"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 。例如：
　　  No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind.
　　　替换no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
　　　　    no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
　　　 no matter which = whichever no matter how = however（+形容词/副词+主语+谓语）
　    注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
6)while也可一代让步状语从句，意思是“尽管……”
e.g.While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
练习题
1. _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2.Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
3. He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
4. The old tower must be saved, ______the cost.
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
5.. English and French are