新概念第二册第18课语法.doc

Lesson 18 He often does this!

【New words and expressions】（3）
pub n. 小酒店
landlord n. 店主
bill n. 帐单

★pub （口语）大众酒吧，酒馆
go round to the pub for a drink 去酒吧喝酒
public house 酒馆
bar 酒吧
wineshop 酒店
inn 客栈，小旅馆
stay at an inn/put up at an inn 住客栈

★landlord 主人，老板， 房东（旅馆，家庭，公寓）
landlady 女房东，女主人
n. +n.→合成n.
silk+worm → silkworm 蚕 blood+test → blood-test 验血
adj.+n. → n.
double-dealer两面派 shorthand 速记
v.+n. → n.
pickpocket 扒手 breakwater 防波堤
n.+v-ing → n.
handwriting 书法 sun-bathing 日光浴
v.+adv. → n.
get-together 联欢会 break-through 突破
adv.+n. → n.
downfall 垮台 outbreak 爆发

★bill
1) n. 账单，纸币 (note)
pay the bill/settle the bill 付账
eg. It’s wrong to leave a hotel without paying all your bills. 没有付账离开旅馆是不对的。
eg. Bill, please! 买单！
2) n. 招贴，广告，海报
a movie bill 电影海报
eg. No bills! 禁止张贴！
fit the bill/fill the bill 合乎要求
head the bill/top the bill 领衔主演，挂头牌

【Text】
After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.
'Did you have a good meal?" he asked.
'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.'
The landlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'

参考译文
我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后, 就找我的提包. 我曾把它放在门边的椅子上, 可这会儿不见了!当我正在寻找时, 酒店老板走了进来.
“您吃得好吗?” 他问.
“很好, 谢谢. “我回答, “但我付不了帐, 我的提包没有了. “
酒店老板笑了笑, 马上走了出去. 一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了, 把它还给了我.
“实在抱歉, “他说, “我的狗把它弄到花园里去了, 他常干这种事!”

【课文讲解】
1、After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.
★Pub是public house（酒店，酒店）的缩写
Let’s go to the pub for a drink.

★look for 寻找（过程）
eg. I am looking for my bag.
look for a job 找工作
find 找到（结果，不能用进行时态）
eg. I found my brooch under the sofa. 我是在沙发下面找到胸针的。
find out 发现，找出，搜出（结果）
eg. You should find out (the answer) for yourself. 你应该自己找出答案来。
find 发现（有偶然之意）
eg. When he woke up, he found himself in hospital. 当他醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。

2、I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!
★leave除了“离去，离开，出发”的意思，还可以表示“把（人、物）留下，遗留，丢下”等。
leave---left---left
1) v. 把（人/物）留下，遗留，丢下
eg. My I leave my shoes here? 我能把鞋放在这儿吗？
2) v. 听任…，使…处于某种状态
leave sth + adj.
eg. Don’t leave the door open. 别把门开着。
eg. Better leave it unsaid. 话还是不讲出来的好。
eg. Leave them as they are. 让它们保持原样。
3) v. 离开
leave some place 离开某个地方
leave for some place 离开去某地
eg. Leave England for a tour of the world. 离开英国去环球旅游。
4) on leave 休假中

★besides 除…之外，还有
eg. Besides this photograph, I have a number of others.除了这张照片外，我还有很多其它的照片。
be beside oneself （乐极）忘形，发狂
beside the point 离题

3.As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.
★as 当…时候
1) 随着（表示事态及状况的变化和进展）
eg. As she grew older, she became more pessimistic [,pesi'mistik].
随着年龄的增长，她变得愈加悲观。
2) 多用于引导“在某行为的发展过程中间发生某事”即“继续中的行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。
eg, As I was walking down the street , an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.
当我正沿着马路散步时，一位美国人向我询问去最近车站的路怎么走。
while
1) 描述两件事情同时进行时，多用while以表示“一面…一面”。
eg. While he was taking bath, he sang songs. 他一边洗澡一边唱歌。
2) while所引导的从句中主语与主句主语相同，且从句为进行时态时，从句的主语有时被省略。
eg. He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我在做饭时，他在洗澡。
eg. He watched TV while (he was) eating. 他在吃饭时看电视。
when
1) 当…时候
eg. Come to me when you like. 当你愿意时到我这儿来。
eg. I first met him the day when I arrived here. 我到这儿的那天第一次碰见他。
2) 每逢…时候
eg. When (you are) in trouble, visit this man. 每当你有麻烦的时候，就找这个人。
3) 倘若
eg. He will likely recover when he undergoes the operations.
一旦他经历手术治疗的话，很可能康复。

4.The landlord smiled and immediately went out.
★immediately / at once / right away /straight away 立刻，马上

5.In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
★give it back to me / return it to me
give
1) give sth back 返还
eg. He returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
2) give in (hand in) 上交
eg. Give in your exercise books to me. 把练习册交给我。
3) give in (surrender) 投降
eg. He can’t continue fighting. He will soon give in. 他不能继续战斗了，很快就会投降。
4) give away 赠送
eg. I give my collection of stamps to the little boy. 我把收集的邮票送给那个小男孩了。
5) give up 放弃
eg. I have given up smoking. 我已经戒烟了。
6) give oneself up (surrender) 投降
eg. Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. 我们的三位军官向敌人投降了。

6、'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'
★he指店主的狗，英语国家人士常用人称代词he或she指自己喂养的宠物。
★take 带走（把某人/物带到某地）
take sb/sth into a place
take sb/sth to a place
bring 带来（为某人带去某物）
bring sth to sb
bring sb sth
fetch “去拿（某物）来”的动作（去取）
eg. I’ll fetch a glass. 我去取个杯子。

【Key structures】　
have的用法
1、have作为助动词构成各种完成时和完成进行时
2、have还可以作完全动词，当作“具有、拥有”讲时，它和have got通常可以互换。have做 “有, 患病” 概念时, 可作为实义动词, 也可作为非实义动词。在英国英语中的疑问句和否定句中have（具有）的用法与be相同，即可以不用助动词do或did；在美国英语中，常用do助动词和have一起构成疑问句和否定句。
I don’t have a pen/a headache.
I haven’t a pen /a headache.
三种情况have 可以用 have got取代
I have a pen. I have got a pen. “有”
I have a headache. I have got a headache. “得病”
　have to== have got to
have作“具有，拥有”讲时是状态动词，不能用于进行时态或被动语态，通常用于一般现在时。在其它时态中，一般用have而不用have got。
You can have these apples if you want them. I’ve got a lot more.
如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有许多。
He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs. 他一定非常喜欢动物，才会养五条狗。
3、have作完全动词时，还可以表示eat，drink，enjoy，take等意思，这时它是行为动词，可以用于包括进行时的各种时态。当have用于表示这些含义时，它必须与助动词do等连用以构成疑问句或否定句。
have dinner，have a cigarette，have coffee，have a holiday，have a good time，have a swim，have a rest

Exercises C
在下面哪几句话中可用have got来代替have?
1  He had a drink before dinner. ⑴...不换...
2  Mrs. Sullivan has a lot of money. ⑵...换... 有钱
3  He had to leave early. ⑶...换...
4  We have had a long conversation. ⑷...不换... 进行
5  My mother has a headache. ⑸...换... 患病
6  They had a good time at the party. ⑹...不换...
have a good/long time : 过的愉快(固定短语)
7  This sock has a hole in it. ⑺...换...
8  She has to be patient with him. ⑻...换... has to
patient [5peiFEnt] n.病人, 患者adj.忍耐的, 耐心的
9  I have a bath every day. ⑼...不换...
have a swim,have a bath
10  This room has four windows. ⑽...换...
11  He has a farm. ⑾...换...
12  We had a letter from Jill yesterday. ⑿...不换...
have a letter from==receive a letter from 收到

【Special Difficulties】
give的几个固定搭配
give常用含义是“给予，交给”
I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.
gave away 赠送
He gave away all his books to the library.
give in 上交，呈交；屈服，让步，投降
Give in your examination papers after you’ve finished.
You can do what you like. I will never give in.
give up doing sth. 放弃，抛弃
He gave up drinking a few years ago.
give up 交出，让出
Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.
Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. 我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。

Beside and Besides
beside pron. 在……旁边，在……附近
Come and sit beside us.
besides adv. 而且，并且，此外；pron. 除……之外（还）
She has so much else to do besides. 此外，她还有许多其他事要做。
I’m quite busy today. Besides, I’ve got a bad cold.
There were a lot of people at the party besides us.