一般现在时和现在进行时表将来的讲解.doc

一般现在时和现在进行时表将来的讲解
（一）现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。 它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。 表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外，亦可用于某些非转移动词。能这样用的动词常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work 等。
如：I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚将和比尔见面吗?
1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等词的现在进行时经常用来表示将来确切的计划。
2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的动词，例如 fly，walk, ride, drive, take(a bus, a taxi)等的现在进行时也经常用于表示将来。但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如：
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
3）表将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用在否定结构中。如：
I’m not going. 我不走了。
I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。
有时也用在肯定结构中。如：
I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。
4）用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令，不过语气比较温和。如：
You are staying. 你留下吧。
Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记：你也要参加。
5）现在进行时也可在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。如：
when you are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么时候路过我们家，请进来坐。（用于时间状语从句）
If they are not doing it, what am I to do? 如果他们不干，那我该怎么办？（用于条件状语从句）
She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.
6）表示将来的现在进行时也可用在间接引语中，表示说话人相信它将是事实。如：
He said he is going tomorrow. 他说他明天走。
表将来的现在进行时有时从属于将来时态。如：
On election night we’ll be telling you what’s happening in various places in this country. 到了选举的夜晚，我们将把全国各地的情况告诉大家。
when I have time, I’ll come down to the school to see how you’re both doing. 我有空时，会来学校看你们俩的学习情况。（when 引导的条件状语从句，主将从现）
（二）一般现在时表将来
1.“主将从现”原则
当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来： I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。
Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。
【注】① 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外，表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来：
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose. 赢也好，输也好，我都将会玩好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。
② 另外，当主句为用将来时态时，定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来：
I’ll give you anything （that）you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。
You can have anything I find. 我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。
Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。
2、简化原则
按照英语习惯，一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈论动作的时间，那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间，而往往使用一个比较简单的时态，如用一般现在时表示一般将来时等。比较：
This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。
3、几种值得注意的情况
在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清楚)，take care(注意，当心)，be careful(注意，当心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表将来意义：
Take care that it does not occur again. 注意别再发生这样的事。
We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注意别让人看见我们。
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情.
Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。
Mind（that） you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them.
在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。
【注】在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表将来意义：
It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行。
Does it matter who goes first? 谁先去这有关系吗？
I don’t care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢还是输。
Don’t you care what happens to them? 难道你不关心他们出什么事了？
4、可用两种时态的情况
在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来意义，但有时也可直接用将来时态：
I hope that you like [will like] it. 你希望你会喜欢它。
I bet it rains [will rain] tomorrow. 我打赌明天会下雨。
See (to it) that children don’t catch cold. 当心别让孩子感冒。
I’ll see that nobody disturbs [will disturb] you. 我将确保没人打扰你。
【注】see (to it) 后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将来，直接用将来的情形较少见。　
5、 用于比较状语从句
在as, than 引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，也可直接用将来时态： We’ll get there as soon as you do [will]. 你一到，我们就到。
We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will]. 我们开车很可能比你快。
6、表示计划或安排
表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作：
Are you on duty next weekend? 下周末你上班吗？
The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。
Where do we go now? 我们现在到哪里去? Her birthday is this time by next year..
【注】用于此用法时，句中通常有具体的时间状语。
7、by the time…
当主句为将来时态时，与之相关的by the time后接的从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义：By the time he comes, I will have left. 等他到时，我会已离开了。
The film will have started by the time we get to the cinema．
我们到电影院时电影会已经开始了。
8、表示现在将要宣布某事
I declare the meeting open. 我宣布会议开始。
We learn Lesson Ten today. 今天我们学习第10课。
9、表示客观性很强的将来
Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday. 今天是星期五，所以明天是星期六。
My birthday is on a Sunday this year. 我今年的生日在星期天。
【注】有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定，也用一般现在时：
The future is bright. 前途是光明的。
Final victory is ours. 最后的胜利是我们的。
三 一般现在时与现在进行时表示将来时的区别例析
1、共同点
两者均可与时间状语连用表示已确定的将来安排。
如：I leave [am leaving] the day after tomorrow.
我预定后天走。
The children start [are starting] school on Monday.
孩子们星期一就要开学了。
2、不同点
1） 从个人色彩来看
原则上说，一般现在时比现在进行时具有的个人色彩更少。
比较：
I’m leaving tonight.（可能指的是我决定要离开）
I leave tonight.（可能指的是这是计划的一部分，但计划不一定是我订的）
2） 从是否正式来看
在通常情况下，一般现在时要比现在进行时听起来更为正式，比如计划开办一个新分店的百货商店很可能说：
Our new branch opens next week. 本店新设分店下周开业。
但不说：Our new branch is opening next week.
3） 从是否简洁来看
有时，现在进行时显得累赘的地方就用一般现在时，例如在谈到像旅程安排那样的一系列预定的将来的动作时，可以这样说：
We leave at six, arrive in Dublin at ten and take the plane on...
我们6点出发，10点到达都柏林，并在……乘飞机……
而不说：We are leaving at six, arriving in Dublin at ten and taking the plane on...

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： 　 I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 　 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。

五 习题练习
Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空 (15)
1. Look, the bus is_______________! (come)
2. We __________to Roman next week. (go)
3. Mr.Black _________Shanghai in a few days. (leave)
4. __________ you __________anything special tonight? (do)
5. We _______ _________ him after the performance. ( meet )
6. When__________Mr.Manning __________ his holiday? ( take )
7. Are you ______________ home in the evening? ( stay )
8. When_______ you __________ for London? (leave)
9. They are____________ at home for this weekend. (relax)
10. Do you like going ___________ (ride)?
11. Look, he __________(sit) his brother.
12. Beijing is a good place _________(go) sightseeing.
13. She plans ________ (study) English.( Plan to do something )
14. Look out! The train ______________ (leave).
15. Keep quiet, I ___________ (read) a newspaper.
II.句型转换 (10)
1. We are going to the beach for weekend.(一般疑问句)
________ ________ _______ to the beach for weekend?
2. The Greens are going bike riding for holiday.(对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the Greens_________ for holiday?

3. They are going to Italy next week.(对划线部分提问)
__________ _________ they __________ next week?
4. It’s about 4 li away from my home to school. (对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________.
5. he, friends, now, his, with, play, football. (连词成句，并用正确时态)
_____________________________________________.
III.单选
1.I _______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you see me off at the airport?
√. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leave D. left
2.I _______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.
A.came √.am going to come C.come D.will come
3.--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing?
---They _______ tea in the garden.
√.are drinking B.drank C.have drunk D.drink
4.My mother often asks me ______ early.
A.get up B.got up C.getting up √.to get up
5.We _______ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
√.will go B.are go C.go D.went
6.Look! One of the girls _______ the door.
A.cleans B.is cleaning C.clean √.are cleaning
7.If you don't feel well, you may just _________.
A.stopped reading √.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read
8.There is going to _________a game in our school this afternoon.
A.has B.have √.be D.are
9.Stop! A little boy _______ the street.
√.is crossing B.crosses C.crossed D.has crossed
10.My mother is ill. I ______ stay at home and look after her.
A.has to √.must (主观上必须) C.would D.have to (客观上必须)
11.--- Where's Mabel?
---She _____ pingpong behind the teaching building.
A.was playing √.is playing C.played Ｄ.playing