外研版八年级下册语法讲解和测验.docx

模块一语法
表示感觉和知觉的系动词
1．表示感觉和知觉的系动词也可称为感官动词，主要有look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来), feel (感觉/摸起来)。
2．感官动词属于连系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，说明主语所处的状态。例如：
He looks tired. 他看起来累了。
These flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来香
Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来优美。
The cake tastes delicious .蛋糕尝起来美味。
I felt guilty. 我感到内疚。
3．感官动词后可接介词like, like后可接名词或v.ing形式。例如：
That boat looks like a duck.
那条船看起来像一只鸭子。
It smells like being burnt.它闻起来像烧焦了一样
4．含有感官动词的句子，其否定句和一般疑问句要借助助动词完成。例如：
He looks worried. 他看起来忧愁。
→He doesn't look worried他看起来并不忧愁。
→Does he look worried?他看起来忧愁吗？
Ⅰ. 单项选择
(　　)1. The cake ________ delicious. I can't wait to eat it. A．feels B．sounds C．becomes D．smells
(　　)2.Apples of this kind ________． A．tastes good B．tastes well C．taste good D．taste well
(　　)3.[2015•潍坊]The new sweater I bought for my grandma ________ soft. She likes it very much.
A．looks B．smells C．tastes D．feels
(　　)4. —Oh, I'm hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? —No. It tastes________．
A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well
(　　)5.—The cake looks ________. —Yes, and it tastes even ________.
A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best
(　　)6.[2015•镇江]—ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.
—It ________ amazing. It's my first time to get to know the news A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．tastes
(　　)7.Oh, it________so nice. What beautiful music it is! A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks
(　　)8.—Dinner is ready. Help yourself! —Wow! It ________ delicious. You are really good at cooking.
A．looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels
(　　)9.—Let's go on a picnic this weekend, OK? —That sounds________.
A．great B．well C．hardly D．terribly
(　　)10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell ________.
A．good B．well C．bad D．badly
(　　)11.—Do you like swimming in winter?
—Of course. The water ________ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.
A．tastes B．feels C．smells D．looks
(　　)12.Mum is making dinner. It ________ so nice! A．smells B．tastes C．feels D．sounds
(　　)13.Good medicine for health ________ bitter to the mouth. A．feel B．tastes C．feels D．taste
(　　)14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what ________ nice.
A．feels B．smeels C．looks D．tastes
(　　)15.—Do you know the song Gangnam Style?
—Of course. It ________ interesting.
A． tastes B．smells C．sounds D．feels
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．我的毛衣摸起来柔软。 My sweater ____________． Feels soft
2．聚会听起来太吵了。 The party ____________________． Sounds noisy
3．你妈妈看上去很年轻。 Your mother ______________________． Looks young
4．汤尝起来咸了。 The soup ___________________． Tastes salty
5．它闻起来新鲜吗？ _______ it _______________？ Does smell fresh
6．他看上去像一位专家。 He ___________ an expert. Looks like
7．这食物尝起来怎样？ ________ ________ the food ________？How does taste
8．这个主意听起来有趣吗？ ________ the idea ________ interesting? Does sound
9．你叔叔长什么样？ ________ ________ your uncle ________ ________？ What does look like
10．他当众讲话对并不紧张。
He ________ ________ ________．when he speaks in public. Doesn’t look nervous
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The cloud ________ (look) like a horse. looks
2．The coat _______ (feel) very soft. So she bought it at once. felt
3．The weather ______________ (get) warmer and warmer these days. Is getting
4．The man ______ (seem) to be very angry. seems
5．That idea ________ (sound) very great. Sounds
6．The baby panda looks very ________(love). lovely
7．Don't eat the fish. It smells ________(badly)．bad
8．The background music sounds ________(noise). Please turn it down. noisy
9．—What do you think of the milk?
—Oh, it ________( taste ) good. tastes
10．I felt ________(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time! Relaxed
模块二语法
现在完成时(一)
现在完成时用来表示在以前某个时间或某段时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响；还可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。现在完成时态的基本句型结构是：“have/has+动词的过去分词”。其用法主要有
1．当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，要用“has＋动词的过去分词”。例如：
He has finished his homework.
他已经做完作业了。
2．动词的过去分词变化形式主要有以下几种：大部分动词的过去分词和过去式相同，但也有许多不规则变化，需要特别记忆。例如：see—saw—seen, be—was/were—been, come—came—come, go—went—gone, take—took—taken等。
3.现在完成时的否定形式为haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去分词，其一般疑问句形式是把have/has 提到句首，动词过去分词不变化。
例如：
I have seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
I haven't seen this film. 我没看过这部电影。
—Have you seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？
—Yes, I have./No, I haven't. 是的，我看过。/不，我没看过。
He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。
He hasn't been to Beijing. 他没去过北京。
—Has he been to Beijing？ 他去过北京吗？
—Yes, he has./No, he hasn't. 是的，他去过。/不，他没去过。
Ⅰ.单项填空
(　　)1.[2014•赤峰]—The storybook is very interesting. —I agree with you. I________ it twice already.
A．read B．will read C．am reading D．have read
(　　)2.—Hasn't Betty come yet? —No, and I________ for her for nearly two hours.
A．wait B．waited C．have waited D．had waited
(　　)3.—Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? —The film 3D Titanic? I________ it. It's really wonderful.
A．see B．have seen C．was seeing D．has seen
(　　)4.—Have you ever been to Beijing? —________. I went there last year.
A．Yes, I did B．Yes, I have C. No, I havent D．No, never
(　　)5.—Where is your father? —He ________ Dalian.
A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to
(　　)6.[2014•广州]Miss Brown, we ________ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?
A．finish B．finishing C．are finished D．have finished
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Mum, can I watch TV now? I ___________ (finish) my homework. Have finished
2．The boys ___________ (not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them. Haven’t read
3．—______ you _______ (hear) from your pen pal recently? Have heard
—Yes, I have. I ______ (get) a letter from him yesterday. got
4．—_______ you ever ________ (eat) the pizza? —No, I haven't. Have eaten
5．—_____ you _______(call) your mum yet? —Yes, I _____. Have called has
I called (call) her last night.
6．—Has Jack visited (visit) his grandparents? —Not yet.
7．—Have your parents ever _been (be) abroad? —Yes, just once.
8．Who has seen (see) the film before?
Ⅲ.按要求完成下列各题
1．My parents have gone to England．(对画线部分提问)
Where have your parents gone?
2．—Would you like some more food?
—No, thanks. I have had enough.(完成句子)
3．Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
— Has_ Daming climbed_Mount Tai before?
— No_， he hasn’t．
4．He has waited for her for_2_hours．(对画线部分提问)
How long has he waited for her?
5．Jane came to China two years ago. (改为同义句)
Jane has been _ in China for two years.
模块三语法
现在完成时(二)
1．现在完成时态还可以用来表示“刚刚做完某事；已经做完某事”等，此时经常用just, already和yet来表示，其中， just 表示“刚刚”； already 表示“已经”，一般置于have/has 之后；just和already都用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中则可用yet，表示“还未”。例如：
I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon.
宇航员已经去过月球了。
I haven't been to Beijing yet.我还没有去过北京。
注意： just, already和yet在句中的位置：
I have just heard from my son.
我刚刚收到儿子的来信。
I've already bought the book.
我已经买了这本书。
He hasn't cleaned the house yet.
他还没有打扫屋子。
2．在现在完成时态中，要注意have been to和have gone to的区别，前者表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；后者表示“去了某地”，现在还没回来。
例如：
The spacecraft has gone into space. It won't return.
宇宙飞船已经进入太空，不会回来了。
I have been to Mount Tai twice.
我去过泰山两次了。
Ⅰ.单项填空　　
(　　)1.[2014•北京]He ________ in this factory for 20 years already.
A．will work B．works C．has worked D．is working
(　　)2.[2015•铜仁]—Where is your mother? —She ________ Guiyang.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．went to
[答案] A　句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来”用have gone to；表示“去某地已经回来”用have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。[答案] A　句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来”用have gone to；表示“去某地已经回来”用have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。
(　　)3.—Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? —No, I ________ our guidebook and towels yet.
A．don't pack B．didn't pack C．have packed D．haven't packed
(　　)4.My cousin ________ Sydney for half a year.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has come to D. has been in
(　　)5. Aunt Wang is not here now. She has ________ to Shanghai and will stay there for several months.
A. got B. come C. been D. gone
(　　)6.—Have you finished your work ________？ —Yes, I've ________ finished it.
A．already; yet B．yet; already C．yet; yet D．already; already
(　　)7.[2015•常德] I only started taking French classes last week and I ________ 50 French words already.
A．learned B．learn C．have learned
(　　)8.My mother ________ the dinner already.
A．cooking B．cooked C．has cooked D．cook
(　　)9.[2014•黔东南]—________ you ever________ to Xijiang? —Yes, I ________ there last year.
A．Have; gone; went B．Have; been; have been C．Have; been; went D．Have; gone; have gone
(　　)10.—Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers' office? —Maybe he________ his work yet.
A．doesn't finish B．hasn't finished C．haven't finished D．don't finished
Ⅱ.用already, just, yet, never或ever填空
1．—Has Li Ming received the invitation _yet_? —No, he hasn't got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it.
2．—Have you read any books on Mars? —No, I have never read a single word about Mars.
3．—Have people been to Mars? —No, we have never been there.
4．The astronaut has just gone back to the earth.
5．The spaceship hasn't sent any information back to us yet．
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1．我刚到这儿，还不认识几个人。 I have just arrived/got here and I haven't known several people yet ．
2．我还没有问他。 I haven’t asked him yet .
3．迈克刚刚做完了作业。 Mike has just done/finished his homework
4．她现在不在这里，她去广州了。 She isn't here now. She has gone to Guangzhou.
5．我的弟弟已经看过这部电影了。 My brother has seen_ the movie already.
6．“你曾经去过巴黎吗？” “是的，我去过那儿两次。”
—Have you ever been to Paris? —Yes, I have been there twice.
7．这本书我可以借多久？ How long can I keep the book?
8．虽然这本书他已经读了三遍了，但是他希望再读一遍。
Though he_has read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time.
9．“你想念你的哥哥吗？”
“是的，非常想念，我3个月没有收到他的来信了。”
—Do you miss_ your brother?
—Yes, very much. I haven’t heard from him for three months.
10．2015•佛山至今，145个国家参加了2015意大利米兰世博会。
So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy.
Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题
1．I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)
I haven’t finished my homework _yet ．
2．He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese?
—Yes, he has ．
3．She wrote a letter to her cousin. (用just改为现在完成时态)
She has_ just written a letter to her cousin.
4．Tony isn't at home. He went to Hong Kong. (合并为一句)
Tony has gone to Hong Kong.
5．I came here two days ago. (改为同义句)
I _have been here for two days.
6．Lucy has been to Beijing several times. (对画线部分提问)
How many times has Lucy been to Beijing?
模块四语法
现在完成时态(三)
1．如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是， for _后面接一段时间，而 since 后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即 for_ 用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：
I have lived in Hebei for ten years. 我在河北已经住了十年。
He has been in this school since 2000. 自从2000年起，他就在这所学校了。
My sister has learnt English since she was four. 我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。
2．如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用 how long。例如：
—How long have you studied English? 你学英语学了多长时间了？
—For four years. 四年了。
—How long has he taught here? 他在这儿教书多长时间了？
—Since five years ago.自从五年前。
3．在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在 否定句 中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：
I have stayed in the hotel for a week. 我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。
My parents haven't seen me for two years. 我父母有两年没见我了。
He hasn't come to school for a week. 他一周没来上学了。
[注意] 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下

17 / 17
(1)fall asleep→be asleep
(2)begin/start→be on
(3)buy→have
(4)die→be dead
(5)come→be in
(6)arrive→be here
(7)join→be in/be a member of
(8)finish/end→be over
(9)leave→be away
(10)borrow→keep
(11)begin to study→study
(12)come back→be back

4．现在完成时态还经常用于“It's the first/second…time that…”结构中。例如：
It's the first time that I have visited here. 这是我第一次参观这里。
It will be the third time that you have seen the film with me. 这将是你第三次和我一起看电影。
Ⅰ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(　　)1.—Look at these stamps. I ________ them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful.
A．kept B．have kept C．have bought D．bought
(　　)2.[2015•昆明]—Long time no see! —Oh! It________ five years since we met last time.
A．was B．were C．has been D．have been
[解析] C　考查现在完成时。句意：“很长时间没见了！”“自从上次我们见面五年了。”since是现在完成时的标志词，前面主语是it，故用has been，选C
(　　)3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green________ us English since three years ago.
A．has taught B．is teaching C．taught D．teaches
(　　)4.—We've lived here ________ 1980. —So you've lived here ________ more than 30 years.
A．since; for B．for; since C．for; for D．in; since
[解析] A　1980是一个时间点，所以用since; more than 30 years是一个时间段，要用for。故选A。
(　　)5.[2014•安徽]Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture ________ he came to China.
A．before B．when C．until D．since
[解析]D　考查连词的用法。句意：Rick已经学了许多中国文化 ________他来到中国。before意为“在……之前”；when意为“当……的时候”；until意为“直到”；since意为“自从”。since引导过去时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选D。
(　　)6.—________ have you learned Chinese? —For 3 years.
A．How often B．How much C．How long D．How soon
[解析] C　由答语“For 3 years.”可知，上句是问“多长时间”，故选C。
(　　)7.Mr Green ________ from his home town for 3 years.
A．has been away B．has gone C．has left D．has come
[解析] A　句中“for 3 years”是一个时间段，因此要与延续性动词连用，故选A。
(　　)8.2015•乌鲁木齐Mr Brown________his home town since he________the army.
A．has left; joined B．has been away from; has joined C．has been away from; joined D．left; joined
[解析] C　考查动词的时态以及延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析。since引导的状语从句的谓语是非延续性动词的过去时，主句的谓语动词应用延续性动词的现在完成时。leave是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用。be away from是延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。所以选择答案C。
(　　)9.He ________ for ten years.
A．has been married B．married C．got married D．has married
(　　)10.—How long has Robert ________？ —Since 2004.
A．been to Beijing B．become a policeman C．joined the art club D．studied in this school
Ⅱ.用for和since填空
1．She has worked here ________ 2014. Since
2．We have known each other ________ six years. For
3．He has learnt about 1，000 English words ________ he went to college. since
4．I have known him ________ two years ago. since
5．She has been away ________ about four years. for
6．He has been a league member ________ two years. For
7．I have studied English ________ 2009. since
8．Mr Brown has been in Shanghai ________ about two weeks. For
9．It's three years ________ the old man died. since
10．The film has been on ________ about ten minutes when we arrieved at th