一般过去时与过去进行时的区分.doc

一般过去时与过去进行时的区分
一．一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。
Ａ、一般过去时
１）叙述过去状态、动作或事件
　He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）
２）表示过去的习惯
　a) would , used to与过去时
　 would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间
　 used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯。可译为“曾经，过去”等。
　 They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
　 He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）
　b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。
　 used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
　 When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去）
　 She isn’t what she used to be. (今昔对比)
　c) 表示状态时一般只用used to
Tom used to be fat / There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
汤姆曾经是胖的 / 从前那里站有一棵树。
　d) was (were) used to + ving表示“合适于，适应于…..”
　 He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常) 他经常在夜间工作。
　 He was used to working at night. (“习惯”表适应) 他过去习惯于夜间工作。
３）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。
　He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
４）表示客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
　How did you like the film? / Could you help me?
B. 过去进行时
　——表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
　What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
　——短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
　During that time he was going with us. (表示打算)
——与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。
　He was always Changing his mind.
二、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
　A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
　I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
　I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
　B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
　It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)
　He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)
　C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
　例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
　D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。
　I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
　I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
　I saw him while I was walking to the station.
三、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）。
　1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。
　I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
　2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等
　3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.
　4)表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。
　[示例]
　考题1 As she ____the newspaper ,Granny ____ asleep .
　A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell
　分析 时间从句的动作长，而“入睡”动作短，故前者用过去进行时，而较短动词用一般过去时，选B
　考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ .
　A. slipped / was looking B. Had slipped / looked
　C. slipped / had looked D. was slipping / looked
　分析 此题先要理解好when ，表“此时”，说明主句中slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，即汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见，故选A为正确。
　[训练]
　1. –Is Smith in America ? ----Yes, he ___ in China for there years.
　A. lives B. has lived C. lived D. was living
　2. The method he had stuck -___ right .
　A. to prove B. to proved C. to be proved D. were proved
　3. –Why didn’t Miss Green go there ?
　　-She would have gone there expect ____ enough time.
　A. she had B. she had had C. she didn’t have D. she would have
　4. Am didn’t see me wave to her , she ____ in other direction.
　A. looked B. was looking C. has looked D. is looking
　5. Tom burnt his hand when he ____ the dinner.
　A. cooked B. was cooking C. has been cooking D. had cooked
　6. Mary ____ a dress when she cut he rfinger.
　A. made B. is making C. was making D. had made
1.B (想想这是什么语态？)2.D (过去式+被动态)3.B (she had had为什么两个had? 过去完成式+have的过去分词)4.B (这个句子最易理解过去进行时!)5.B (这个句子很有意思？仔细想想说得什么？)6.C。
一、 仿照例句用所给的词汇造句。
1. I, see him, he, cross the street
I saw him while he was crossing the street. (He was crossing the street when I saw him.)
A. the sun, shine, we, come out
B. she, study at college, the war, break out
C. she, work in a factory, the city, be liberated (解放)
D. he, lose his pen, he, go sightseeing in the city
2. I, do my homework, last night
I was doing my homework last night.
A. they, have a dress rehearsal, yesterday evening
B. my grandma, visit my family, half an hour ago
C. I, travel in the south, at this time last year
D. they, build a power station, at that time
3. she, not at home that evening, she, look after her sick child in hospital
She wasn’t at home that evening. She was looking after her sick child in hospital.
A. it, rather chilly yesterday, the sun, not shine
B. she, ill that day, she, suffer from a severe headache
C. I, not say anything, but a struggle (斗争), go on in my mind
D. We, be rather busy then, we, make preparation for the journey
4. war, go on, during all those years
War was going on during all those years.
A. a cold rain, drizzle down, all day yesterday
B. the whole night, the wind, howl like mad
C. in all those days, they, struggle heroically against the fascists (法西斯主义者)
D. for three weeks, our forces, push forward at a great speed
二、 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.
2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.
4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.
5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.
6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.
8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).
9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door.
10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl.
答案:一. 1. A. The sun was shining when we came out. (While sun was shining, we came out.)
B. She was studying at college when the was broke out. (While she was studying at college, the was broke out.)
C. She was working in a factory when the city was liberated. (While she was working in a factory, the city was liberated.)
D. He lost his pen while he was going sightseeing in the city. (When he lost his pen, he was going sightseeing in the city.)
2. A. They were having a dress rehearsal yesterday evening.
B. My grandma was visiting my family half an hour ago.
C. I was traveling in the south at this time last year.
D. They were building a power station at that time.
3. A. It was rather chilly yesterday. The sun was not shining.
B. She was ill that day. She was suffering from a severe headache.
C. I did not say anything, but a struggle was going on in my mind.
D. We was rather busy then. We were making preparation for the journey.
4. A. A cold rain was drizzling down all day yesterday.
B. The whole night the wind was howling like mad.
C. In all those days they were struggling heroically against the fascists.
D. For three weeks our forces were pushing forward at a great speed.
二. 1. were waiting; ran2. was telephoning; came3. jumped; was moving4. was testing; went
5. didn’t want; were all working6. was putting; rang7. was walking; began8. was; was already thinking9. was reading; was plying; heard10. was; reached; was sitting; were lying; was bending
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