新外研版九年级下Module3讲义.doc

Module 3 Life now and then
重点单词/短语
Wealth(y); seldom; full-time; role; education; spare time; speak up; as a result;
重点句型
Nearly finished.
I suppose that’ because more people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less.
Talking of spare time, can I go on the school trip next month?
语法复习
形容词、副词的句法功能以及比较级等。
Unit 1
1. organizing a debate组织一次辩论
2. in the early 1980s在20世纪80年代
3. …what life is like today.【be like指性格；look like 指外貌。】
4. There weren’t so many cars as there are today.过去没有像今天这么多的汽车。【as conj.像】
5. What is the question they need to answer?【need的用法：need (sb.) to do sth.; Sth. needs doing/to be done.(某物需要被…).】
6. get, grow, turn, go, become辨析：
动态系动词：描述状态变化过程。
1．get“变成，变得……起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer.
2．grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得”You will grow used to it. It’s growing warm.
3．turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.
4．go“变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead. The tire went flat.
5．become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”He became angry with me. I became interested in drawing.
7. Nearly finished.就快完成。
8. People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past.人们今天更富裕，而且他们比过去活得更长。
9. …there’s less fear of getting ill because we know how to deal with the ordinary diseases.并且更不惧怕疾病，因为我们知道怎样对付普通的疾病。【句型：there is no / less / little / much fear of doing sth.。无/有惧怕做某事。deal with对付；处理= do with = solve】
区别common, ordinary, usual 和 normal
① common意为“普遍的，共同的”，强调大家都有的，比较普遍的。common也表示“普通的”， His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway.
② ordinary意为“普通的，平凡的”，指没有特别之处。例如：ordinary-looking 相貌平平的
③ usual意为“通常的”，一般指在时间上延续过去一贯的习惯。usual place老地方
④ normal意为“正常的”，例如：above /below normal 正常标准之上/之下；normal temperature
10. But people don’t take as much exercise as they used to.但是人们所做的运动不像过去一样多了。【平级公式：as + much +uN. + as。use的固定搭配：（1）be used to do sth.被用来做某事。Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things.（2）be used for... 被用来...。The stone is used for building houses and walls.（3）be used as...被用作...。English is used as a very useful language.（4）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。He used to be a teacher.（5）be used to doing sth.习惯性做某事。My mum is used to getting up early every day.】
11. Some people think life in the past was simpler and healthier than today.一些人认为过去的生活比今天更简单而且更将康。【health—healthy—healthily—unhealthy; keep/stay healthy; in good/bad health】
12. More wealth sometimes means less health. When the number of cars is doubled, the pollution is also doubled, or even worse.更多的财富有时意为着更少的健康。
sometimes
有时
频度副词，表示动作发生的频率
用how often提问
sometime
某时
副词，用来指不确定的过去或将来的时间
用when提问
some time
一段时间
用来表示一段时间
用how long提问
some times
几次/倍
此处的time为可数名词，意为“倍数/次数”
用how many times提问
【the number of表示“…的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。a number of表示“许多…”,作主语时，谓语动词用复数。列：The number of students of this school has shrunk. A large number of people were present. double双倍的；triple三倍的】
13. Do people work as hard as they did fifty years ago?人们工作像五十年前一样努力吗？【as + adj./adv. + as平级公式】
14. People seldom say they have enough spare time!人们很少说他们有足够的空闲时间。【enough固定用法：…(not) +adj./adv. + enough (for sb.) to do意为“…（不）足够（某人）做某事”。例：The house is big enough for us to live in. The boy is not old enough to go to school.
spare用法：
v.
节省；省掉；抽出
Can you spare me five minutes? Spare your energy for some other work.
adj.
多余的；空闲的；预备的
He could have taken a spare key. They don’t have a lot of spare cash...
in one’s spare time在某人空余时间；spare no effort in doing不遗余力
15. She’s seen how life has changed.她看到了生活是怎样改变的。
16. Remember to speak up! She’s a bit deaf now.【speak up大声讲；a bit adv.稍微；有点】
Unit 2
17. I ask her about life today and in the past.我问她关于现在和过去的生活。
18. My family lived in a tiny house. There were no electric lights, only candles.我的家人住在一个狭小的房子里。没有电灯，只有蜡烛。
19. She was a kind and loving mother.她是意为宽容、慈爱的母亲。
20. She didn’t go out to work.她不出去工作。【go out to work出去工作】
21. There were five children in my family, and looking after us was more than a full-time job…照顾我们比作一份全职工作还要辛苦。【looking after us动名词短语作主语。full-time全职的；part-time兼职的】
22. I wasn’t sent to school because my family couldn’t afford it, and what’s more, because I was a girl.我没有上学，因为我的家庭负担不起，还有，因为我是女孩。【send sb. to sw.把某人送到…；send for派人去请；send up发射；send off寄出；afford意为“买得起；负担得起；提供”。常与can, could或be able to连用。例：Can we afford a new car? We can’t afford to give you around-the-clock protection.】
近形辨析：effect n.影响；affect v.影响；effort n.努力；offer v./n.提供；出价；afford v.买得起
23. She has a good education, and she goes to work even after getting married.她受过良好的教育，她甚至在婚后还去工作。【get married to结婚，表示动作。be married to结婚，表示状态。marry表示动作。】
24. I’m happy to see she’s busy working every day, but sometimes I feel lonely because she can’t come to see me often.我很高兴看到他每天忙着共组，但有时我感觉孤单，因为她不能经常来看我。【be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事；be busy with sth.忙于某事；lonely意为“孤独的；寂寞的（感情色彩上的）；荒凉的；人迹罕见的”。alone意为“单独的”。另外，lonely的名词为loneliness。辨析：She is alone, but she doesn’t feel lonely.】
25. on foot步行；the underground地铁
26. The only thing I don’t like, though, is that there’s so much more traffic.不过，只有一件事我不喜欢，那就是路上交通更加繁忙。【此处的though意为“不过；可是”为副词。】
27. joy n./v.—enjoy v.—enjoyable adj.—enjoyment n.
28. generally speaking总而言之；概括地说
29. advantage益处；—disadvantage劣势；appropriate adj.适当的；
Unit 3
30. medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting healthier and living longer.医疗条件和饮食在提高，人们变得更健康并且活的更长。
31. Today, with the Internet, people can communicate more easily than ever before with friends all over the world.在因特网的帮助下，人们可以与全世界的朋友更容易地进行交流。【communicate with sb.与某人交流；名词为communication】
32. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they are not as fit as they were.更多人开汽车而不骑自行车，因此他们不像过去一样健康。【此处的fit = healthy。另外，fit还意为“合格的;胜任的”。You’re not fit to be a mother!】
33. Increasing traffic makes the roads more crowded than ever, and it also makes pollution worse. We must all work harder to reduce pollution.增长的交通不仅使道路更加拥挤，它也使污染更重。我们必须努力工作去减少污染。
34. You have to speak up because the students in the back cannot hear you.你得大点胜说，因为后面的学生听不到你说话。
35. I searched online an found out the following.我通过在线查询找到了下列资料。
36. Instead of green countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play.人们住在很小的房子里，彼此紧挨着，而不是住在绿色的乡村，孩子们没有玩耍的空间。【space = room空间】
辨析：close, closely, closing, closed
--close (v./adj./adv.)作副词的时候，意思是“接近，靠近，紧挨地”，它表示一种具体的距离上的近（与near词义相近）例：They sat close together.另外，close to是固定搭配，意思是“离…近”。
--closely是指一种抽象的“近”也可引申为“亲密；仔细”等意思。例：Tea has been closely woven into the life of the Chinese people. 茶已经紧密地融入到了中国人的生活中。
--closing adj.意为“结尾的，结束的”，例：They almost won the match in the closing minutes.
--closed adj.意为“关着的”，例：The door is closed.
37. Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet.【share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。】
38. Can you imagine that?你能想象那种情况吗？【imagine后接名词、动名词、从句作宾语。】
39. The pollution from factories filled the air.来自于工厂的污染充满了空气。【be full of = be filled with充满；fill in填写】
40. As a result, there were many illness.【as a result结果】
41. They worked twelve hours a day in dangerous jobs for very little money.为了很少的钱，他们一天12小时干着危险的工作。【danger n.—dangerous adj.—endanger v.；in danger“濒危的”】
42. Many were hurt in accidents with machines.【hurt常指（小刀）弄伤；（语言）伤害。injure（车祸中）受伤。wound（战斗中）负伤。】
43. You can focus your attention just on the information you need.【focus on…致力于；对…予以注意】
44. a great deal用作副词，意为“大量”。a great deal后面如果要跟名词，必须加介词of，a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词。
45. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience.【allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。comfort v./n.—comfortable adj.; convenient adj.—convenience n.】
46. The car also solved an enormous problem (caused by using horses for transport in cities).【solve解决；解答；enormous巨大的；庞大的】
47. So…that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure.【get rid of…除掉】
48. actual—actually实际上；事实上；opinion意见；评价；take turn轮流；argue—argument争论