小升初英语therebe句型.doc

Lesson five There is a basketball under the desk
【教学重点】1.关于球类的单词
2.介词on,in,under,behind,at,over,in front of,in the front of
3.There be 句型
【教学难点】1.介词的用法
2.There be 句型
一、 看图写出单词

1._____________ 2.______________ 3.______________

4. _____________ 5._______________ 6. ________________
二、一：there be 句型基本认识
1、 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项：  there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：
① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。
    ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
     ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

二： there be 句型的常考点
考点一：各种句型转化。
1：变成否定
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
2：变成一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
3：特殊疑问句
对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

考点二：there be 句型的时态。
be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。 如：
---There ______ a concert this evening.
          ---Yeah. Exciting news!
        A. are going to be    B. is going to be    C. is going to have    D. will have

考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there? 如：
There is some milk in the bottle, ____ ?                  
A．isn't there     B．aren't there    C．isn't it    D．are there

考点四：there be 句型的主谓一致：
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则5.There ____ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.  
。如：
1.There ___ any rice in the bowl.                     
      A. are      B. is      C. isn’t     D. aren’t
2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
      A. have been    B. were      C. are      D. is  

考点五：there be 句型用的其他动词：
there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be ,等。如：
There ____ a knife and a fork on the table. (2007黄冈)
A. seems to be      B.  seem to be    C. is seeming to be  D. are
剖析：根据就近原则，首先排除B、D，而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be等，所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时，故C也不正确。

注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：
He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office.    办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。
三、表示地点的介词
1. 表地点时"in"表示在范围较大的地方，强调“空间”；"at"表示在“范围较小的地方”，强调“点”。
Eg:I think she is at home. Wuhan is in Hebei.
2. 表示位置时，"in"表示“在........内”；"on"表示“在......上（要接触表面）”，还可以表示“在两边/在左边，右边”。
Eg:Is it on the desk? Is it in the desk?
It't over there on the left/right.
They plant trees on both sides of the river.
The third girl on the left/right is a famous film star.
3. "under"表示“在......的下面”（是正下方），“over”表示与某物不接触的“正上方”
Eg:The workers all wear thick clothes and glasses over thier eyes.
Are they under the chair?
4. "behind"在......的后面，其反义词是"in front of",“在......的前面”
Eg:Is it behind the chair?
Six students stand in a row in front of the class.
Six students stand in a row in the front of the class.
5. “in the front of ”表示“在......里面的前面”，“at the back of ”“在......里面的后部”
Eg:Li Lei sits in the front of the classroom.
6. 在与方位名词“east west south north”连用时，“in”表示在内部，“to”表示在外部，“on”表示接壤。Taiwan is in the east of China. Japan is to the east of China.
India is on the south of China.
7. 表示“在......上”的时候，不是都用on,有时要用"in".
There is good news in today's newspaper.
在树上：in the tree（用于指逗留在树上的鸟、人等），on the tree（指用于生长在树上的果实、叶子）；在墙上：in the wall用于指窗户、钉子钉在墙上的东西。 on the wall用于指地图、画像等悬挂，张贴在墙上的东西。
二、 看图写出单词

1._____________ 2.______________ 3.______________

5. _____________ 5._______________ 6. ________________

7. ______________ 8.________________ 9._________________

二、 翻译：
1. 在桌下____________________ 2.在门背后__________________
3. 在书包里_________________ 3.在家里____________________
4. 在书包里_________________ 5.在教室里__________________
6. 在......的前面_______________ 7.在...内部的前面_____________
8. 在剪刀的旁边______________________________
9. 靠近长椅_____________________________
三、 完成下面的句子
1. 黑板上有一幅画。
___________ ______ a picture __________ the blackboard.
2. 小镇里有两条河。
____________ _______ two rivers________the small town.
3. 一个星期有七天。
____________ _________ seven days ______ a week.
4. 盒子里有很多苹果。
____________ ___________ many apples in the box.
四、 把第三题的每一题变成否定句。
1. ______________________________________________.
2. ______________________________________________.
3. _______________________________________________.
4. _______________________________________________.
五、 把第三题的每一题变成一般疑问句，并分别做肯定回答和否定回答。
1. ________________________________________
___________, ___________ ____________.
___________,___________ _____________.

2. ____________________________________________
_____________, __________ ______________.
_____________,___________ ______________.
3. ____________________________________________
_____________,_______ ______________.
_____________, _______ ____________.
4. ______________________________________________
______________, ____________ ____________.
_____________, _____________ ____________.
六、 填空
1. There _________ a teacher and many students in our class.
2. There ___________ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. 
七、 熟读下面的短文
Twins’ Bedroom
This is the twins’ bedroom. It is a nice room. The two beds look the same. This bed is Lily’s and that one is Lucy’s. The twins have one desk and two chairs. Their clock, books and pencil-boxes are on the desk. Their schoolbags are behind the chairs. Some nice flowers are on the desk. Some nice pictures are on the wall. Is there a kite? Yes, it’s under Lily’s bed. The bedroom is very nice.