新概念英语第三册笔记第32课.doc

Lesson 32 A Lost Ship 沉船之谜
New words and expression 生词和短语
salvage ['sælvɪdʒ] n. 营救，救助，打捞（n.(对财物等的)抢救；抢救出的财物）) Rescue save
1、vt ~ sth (from sth)打捞，营救（失事船舶等）；抢救（失事船舶、火灾等中的财物）
2、vt 挽救；挽回 (败局，声誉，自尊等)（从一个不好的境遇中脱出，或是不至于完全失败）
3、n 对财物（物资等）等的抢救 4、n 抢救出的财物
salvage goods from fire 从火中抢救货物
salvage the patient 拯救病人 salvage your time 节省时间
salvage archaeology/boat/ money 抢救性的考古/营救船/救助的钱
词根： salvor ['sælvə; 'sælvɔː] 难船救助者；救难船（n. （遇难船只的）救助人员）
adj. salvageable ['sælvədʒəbl]可抢救的；可打捞的；可挽回的；能利用的
n. salvation 拯救；救助 （救赎）
关于救援：国际救援信号 SOS
无线电讯号 Mayday “Mayday”一字原为“救我”的法语“m'aider” 必须连续呼叫三次
Save sb/sth from = rescue sb/sth from
Remedy ['remɪdɪ] vt&n 补救，纠正，解决办法

Barents ['bærənts] 巴伦支海 库尔斯克号 空中手术刀
因为大西洋暖流，所以南部常年不冻。
比较注明的海
The coral sea 珊瑚海 大堡礁
South China Sea ///The south sea of China
Caribbean Sea 加勒比海
Mediterranean Sea 地中海
Bering Sea 是太平洋沿岸最北的边缘海，海区呈三角形。北以白令海峡与北冰洋相通，南隔阿留申群岛与太平洋相联。

Sunken ['sʌŋk(ə)n] 沉没的 （只能做定语） sink-sank-sunk sink-sunk-sunken
sink (1) n. 水池，洗涤槽
(2) v. (sank, sunk) vt. 使下沉；挖，掘；使受挫vi.下沉，沉没；下陷，（日、月）落下；降低，衰退
[ 过去式 sank或 sunk（不太常用） 过去分词 sunk或 sunken 现在分词 sinking ]
做定语只用sunken. 而过去分词的普通用法, 既可以用sunk也可以用sunken,一般来讲用sunk.
表示状态时（沉没的）用 sunken a sunken ship表示动作时（被击沉或沉没）用sunk The ship had sunk.
collapse倒塌，坍塌
fall通常指因失去平衡等而倒塌或跌倒。
sink尤指人因过于劳累、体弱等而倒下或坐下。
sunken 沉掉的，水底的
sinkable 易沉的，可沉的
◆be sunk in sth: 陷入（某种情绪）…..
◆one's heart sink: 感到失望
◆sink into sth: 陷入……；渐渐……

cargo n.货物 （一般是轮船或飞机） 运输环节常用的一词
2、货轮，货机 飞行员之眼，German cargo
a cargo plane 货机 a cargo ship 货船 a cargo train 货车
cargo : the goods carried by ship, plane or vehicle （通常用于船运）
The ship has a cargo of 1000 tons.
cargo vessel 货船
goods: 商品或货品things that are produced to be sold。2、(铁路或公路)运载的货物
a goods train 货物列车 Trains are used to carry goods and passengers. 火车是用来运送货物和旅客的。

Bullion n. 大量的金(或银);金(或银)条 (金银；纯金；金银块)

scour ['skaʊə] vt.彻底搜查 scour : go through
1、vt ~ sth (for sb/sth) （彻底地）搜寻，搜查，翻找 （go through, turn inside out, search thoroughly）
2、vt ~ sth (out)（用粗糙的物体、用力）擦净，擦亮,
3、vt ~ sth (away/out) | ~ sth (from/out of sth) (费力地) 擦洗；洗涤；冲洗；（水、溪流）冲刷成；冲刷出
The house has been searched/scoured for the hidden bullions. 整个房子都被彻底找过了。
search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西 比look for 更正式
I have been searching everywhere but I can’t find the key.
hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需的东西 We spent a week hunting for the puma.
scour 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围 并暗示花费巨大的力气 They scour the woods for the child.
三个词的共同特点：search/scour/hunt都可以+ for 表示目的

chest [tʃest] n.箱子（常为木质的大箱子） （本意是“胸部，胸膛”，引申出“储物箱”）
chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept
case（总称）/ suitcase (手提相) / safe（保险箱）/ trunk（汽车尾箱）/ dustbin(垃圾箱)

Contents 重音第一个音节 （复数）所装的东西
Content n. 内容，(书的)目录catalogue；满足；容量含量 adj. 满意的 vt. 使满足
注意“内容”时，保罗万象，电视内容，杂志内容，容器内部的，课程或者计划等等
contented 满足的；心安的
contentment 满足；满意
相似词语
content 内容；
contrast ['kɒntrɑːst] 名词读作ˈkɒntræst。动词读作kənˈtrɑːst。对比，差异；
vi. 对比；形成对照 vt. 使对比；使与…对照 with n. 对比；差别；对照物 in contrast to 与什么不同
context 上下文 ['kɒntekst]
contest 比赛，竞赛；名词读作ˈkɒntɛst。动词读作kənˈtɛst。

belongings [bə'lɔŋɪŋz] （复数）所有物
Possession n.所有物 -- What I possess is valuable.= My possessions are valuable.
Belonging n.随身携带物, 附属品, 附件

Item ['aɪtəm] n 物件 （一些物品中的一项） 因为突出了一件，所以可以加s
n. 条款，项目；一则，一条（新闻）；一件商品（或物品）
项目条款one of a list of things for someone to do, deal with, or talk about
1）a single thing among esp. part of a list (一组事情或一清单上)一项
news item 一项新闻
2) 经常指成套的物件里一件
an item of furniture 一件家具 /a piece of furniture a set of furniture 一套家具
3) 条款，项目
an investment item 投资项目 items of business 经营的项目 contract items合同条约（条款）

Cruiser ['kruːzə] 巡洋舰
Vessel [‘vesl] n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、boat）
2、（人或动物的）血管，脉管；（植物的）导管
-- a fishing vessel / a sailing vessel帆船
Ship n.大船；舰艇
Boat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换） -- a fishing boat
Lifeboat raft dinghy canoe warship submarine liner
aircraft carrier destroyer驱逐舰 Battleship战列舰 cruiser巡洋舰 [kru:z r] frigate [‘frɪɡət] (小型)护卫舰
cruise [kru:z]乘船游览;以平稳的速度行驶; 巡行

find n.找到的物品. : sth good or valuable
The little restaurant is quite a find. The garden is a good find

Log book 航海日志
journal 日报；日志，日记（diary）；定期刊物，期刊（多指学术或专业团体出版的刊物或学报）
log（事件的）正式记录（尤指航海日志、飞行日志或航行记录）

piece v. 拼成整体 （vt. 修补；接合；凑合） 同义词：assemble
piece n. : part
a piece of cake / a piece of news
v. : put parts together to form a whole
piece together 拼凑 They piece the log book together. 他们把航海日记拼凑在一起
Piece up : 修补，拼合 Please piece up the dress. 请把裙子缝补一下 Piece a quilt. 拼缝一下被子
reconstruct
1) to produce a complete description or of sth that happened or of sth that happened by putting together pieces of information. (由部分资料，信息)推想，设想，重塑，重现，重演
eg. Police are trying to reconstruct the events of last Friday.
警方正尝试重塑上星期五的事件。
2) to rebuild sth that has been destroyed or damaged 重建，重塑
reconstruct a statue reconstruct the distant past reconstruct a ruined city

Convoy ['kɒnvɒɪ] n. 护航 （n. 护送；护卫；护航队 vt. 护航；护送）
in a convoy护航 under a convoy被护航
escort ['eskɔt] n. 护卫者，护卫队
（a person or a group of people, often in ships or aircraft , going with another as a guard or as an honor）
under escort 在…的护卫（监督）之下 （protected by an escort）
eg. The suspect arrived under armed escort.
deport under escort 押解出境
escort n. 押钞车
escort v. [Is’kɔt] 护送
escort my friend home送我朋友回家

torpedo [tɔː'piːdəʊ] 用鱼雷攻击 tornado 龙卷风
n. 鱼雷，水雷；信号雷管；掼炮；油井爆破筒；电鳐
v. 用鱼雷袭击；彻底破坏，完全摧毁

submarine n. 潜水艇 a nuclear submarine
关于sub前缀的用法：
1．表示下 如：subway（地铁） /substructure（下层建筑）/subsoil（下层土）/ subnormal（低于正常的）
2．表示次、准、亚 如：subtropics（亚热带） / sub college（准大学）/ sub continent（ 次大陆）（相对独立，一般指南亚次大陆，印度巴基斯坦，因为喜马拉雅山）
3．表示副、分支、下级、下属 如： subeditor（副编辑） / subagent（副代理人） /subhead （副标题）/ sub office（分办事处） 副的 associate professor副教授 associate director 副导演
4．表示接近的 如：subadult（接近成年的）/ sub teen (13以下) / subequal（接近相等的，约等于）
5．表示再 如：subdivide（再分）/ sublet（转租）/subculture（再培养）

naval ['neɪv(ə)l] a. 海军的 （海军的，军舰的）
navy army air force
naval port 军港 naval power 制海权 navigate v 航海，航行 navigation 航海术
navigator 导航，领航员，航海家 navigable ['nævɪgəb(ə)l] 可航行的，适航的

ministry ['mɪnɪstrɪ] n. （政府的）部门 [复数 ministries] 美式英语一般是department
minister ['mɪnɪstə] n. 部长；大臣
the ministry of defense国防部 ministry of commerce商务部 ministry of communication交通部
n.（政府的）部门 同义词 division , department ,
Department of Defense 美国国防部 the department of state国务院

navy n. 海军
voyage n. 海上航行
navigation n. 航海术
navigate v. 航海，航行

Text 课文
The salvage operation had been a complete failure.
打捞工作彻底的失败了。（注意此剧的时态，“1、过去。2、过去的已经发生”）
请背熟上面这个句子
Operation 1、行动（经组织策划的） 2、商业公司 3、手术 4、作业 （building operation）
5、器械或设备运转中（be in operation短语） 6、开始实施（come into operation短语）
Operation Barbarossa 巴巴罗萨 Operation Overlord 霸王行动

Complete 完全的，彻底的（生活中用的比较多）
a complete failure. a complete victory全胜 a complete idiot十足的白痴 a complete surprise十分的惊喜

The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.
这艘小船爱尔克号在巴伦支海上搜索已经好几个星期了，现在正在返回途中。
现在完成进行时，过去某段时间持续进行。
定语从句。Which 指代 the small ship, Elkor

A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship’s captain instructing him to give up the search..
=The captain had received a radio message from the mainland instructing him to give up the search.。
船长收到了从大陆上发来的电报，指示他放弃搜索。
背熟这句话。在这句话中，instructing进一步说明a radio message的内容。
instruct sb. to do sth. 指示命令某人做某事（在第五课已经学过）
the editor sent a fax to the journalist instructing him to get statistics.
这位编辑给这位记者发了一份传真，指示他马上开始获取数据。

Mainland n. 大陆；本土adj. 大陆的；本土的 有相对原理本土的国土
mainland china 中国大陆；中国内地 chinese mainland 中国大陆
exclave ['ekskleɪv] 飞地 梵蒂冈 摩纳哥（法国） 阿拉斯加 加里宁格勒
mandarin ['mænd(ə)rɪn] (中国)普通话 ； (旧中国的)官员
Cantonese [,kæntə'ni:z] n. 广东人；广东话

The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
make (another) attempt 再一次尝试
船长知道，今后还会另作一次尝试，因为他在设法寻找的那艘沉船装载了贵重的金砖。
Make an attempt to do sth （正式） try to do sth（口语） try doing try once more

knew that another attempt to be made… 被动语态减少主观色彩

sunken过去分词作定语，表示被动或者过去或者完成。对于及物动词来说两者同时表达，但是对于不及物动词仅表示过去或者完成
Fallen leaves （have fallen） retired worker (has retired) returned sheep（have returned）

Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more.
尽管有那份电报，但爱尔克号船长决定再试一次。
despite = in spite of
despite + n/ doing/ the fact that…
前面出现过4次，直接接宾语的。 Despite her age, ~ the new tunnel, ~ its immensity, ~ this

in disregard of不顾，忽视，漠视 in spite of / despite / in contempt of /~~regardless of 不顾，不管
He did the work in disregard of my instructions.他不顾我的指示而继续做这项工作。
总体而言，disregard主观感情更重一些，其次是in contempt of也有主观感情，despite系列则相对客观

try once more 代替 make another attempt 为了避免重复

The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.
他们用了又大又结实的渔网在海底拖。当一只大箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的人兴奋极了。
The sea bed 海床，即海的底部，也叫海底 bottom river bed 河床
Searching the seabed need a lot of time and energy. 所以我们用的动词是scour，语气要比seach 强烈。

There was tremendous excitement on board 是以抽象的兴奋，说明甲板上的人
There was a knock on the front door.
重点掌握there was tremendous excitement
在正式的书面语中，我们常用there is tremendous excitement这个结构。但是在口语中，我们还是直接采用形容词excited. （又回到之前说的书面语，书面语要求精准，excited比较主观，excitement概念化客观）
写作文，小明高兴极了，怎么就能看出来小明高兴极了？用动作描写，喜极而泣，捶胸顿足。有这样一句话，一个好的编剧写剧本，人物动作一定要避免使用形容词，伤心，怎么伤心？比如罗伯特巴乔，世纪背景。比如在窗边背对着人，双肩发抖，无声的哭泣。这是一方面，再回到表达意思的客观。
People on board felt excited. There was tremendous excitement before the game.
There is a hope that the national games will be held in xuzhou
People hope they can hold the national games in xuzhou

Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong.
虽然，开始时船员们以为沉船已经被找到，但是从海底捞起的箱子里的东西证明他们错了，
Crew集体名词

under the impression = thinking that 认为 impression在这里是“由印象引申出的觉得，认为”
I’m under the impression that he is the manager of the store.
He is under the impression that you’ll help him.
另外，可以活用为“（传递的）假象，意思”。It gave me the impression that it was about to kill me

Prove
1. 用作连系动词，意为“证明是，结果是，被发现是”，不用于被动语态，后常接形容词、名词、不定式作表语。（形容词和不定式按照中国人的思维容易理解，要注意名词）例如：
The medicine proved satisfactory. She proved a very strict teacher.
She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.
2. prove还可用作及物动词，意为“证明，证实”，主要用于下列句型： （常用复合宾语）
A. prove + 名词或代词。He did some experiments to prove his theory. You’re wrong, and I can prove it.
B. prove+宾语+宾语补足语，作宾语补足语的通常有形容词、名词、动词不定式等。to be通常可以省略。
Again history proved him (to be) wrong. This just proves what I have been saying for some time.
C. prove + 宾语从句。 Can you prove where you were on May 10th?
The doctor’s tests proved that Black was in good health.

What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.
实际上，他们所找到的是艘多年前的沉船。
由what引导的主语从句。
注意课文中出现的两个形容词sunk和sunken。
做定语只用sunken. 而过去分词的普通用法, 既可以用sunk也可以用sunken,一般来讲用sunk.
The ship had sunk. a sunken ship
同时，对于简单的句的复杂表示 in fact, they found a ship which….
It is sth that sb do What sb do is sth Sth is what sb do等等
We need jerry what we need is jerry what is needed is jerry
jerry is what we need jerry is what is needed it is jerry that we need.

ago 基于现在的以前
before 某一特定时间以前

The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.
箱子里装着一个Alan Fielding海员的私人物品。
personal belongings 个人所属物品
personal possessions 个人所有（比如汽车，房产，不能随身携带）
personal property 个人财产
public property 公共财产

There were books, clothing and photographs, toghter with letters, which the seaman had once received from his wife.
有书、衣物和照片，同时还有他妻子写给他的信件。
together with 还有 with, along with, together with 就远原则
He together with his classmate went to the zoo and they enjoyed themselves.

clothes和clothing的区别：
1、用法上：clothes 是一个没有单数形式的复数名词, 其前不可加不定冠词，也不可加数词，但可用 some, these, those, many, few 等词修饰。如：those clothes / few clothes / many clothes
2、clothing 是不可数名词。如：They wear very little clothing. 他们衣服穿得很少。
3、clothes 的含义比较具体，而 clothing 的含义则比较抽象。
4、从语体上看：clothing 比 clothes 更正式。

The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.
爱尔克号船长命令船员尽可能从沉船里多打捞些东西上来。
salvage as much as possible = salvage as much as they could

wreck [rek]
vt 破坏，摧毁
n (轮船、汽车、飞机或房屋失事后的) 残骸 （一般是飞机和轮船失事后的残骸）

Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.
虽然没有找到什么值钱的东西，但是被打捞上来的一些物件倒是颇为有趣的。
nothing of value = valuble （名词化的作用同上，另外，量词相较程度副词可以更加的运用自如）
nothing of interest= nothing interesting interest 名词概念的有趣，可以是完全客观的“有趣”定义
nothing of enjoyment=nothing of enjoyable 而形容词interesting和enjoyable则更主观，有多少算多啊？
Very much interesting = of great interest 极有意思的
Of great importance = of great significance 非常重要的
of no interest 没有意思

numerous = countless 许多，众多的
numerical [njuː'merɪk(ə)l] 用数字表达的; 数值的，数字的 == numeric [njuː'merɪk]
numeral ['njuːm(ə)r(ə)l] 数字 只是形（即这个符号） 而number 除了形以外还表示量eg房号305
numerable ['njuːm(ə)rəb(ə)l] adj. 可计数的；可计算的

from a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser.
Heavy gun 重炮（重型火炮） 不是重枪
Artillery （专业）火炮 cannon [ˈkænən] （通常装有轮子并发射铁弹或石弹的旧式）大炮，（飞机上的）自动机关炮

In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship’s officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th,1943.
在另一只箱子有装着一位海军军官的东西。有一封1943年3月4日未写完的信件。
本句的主干是In another sea-chest, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th,1943.
Which（指代chest ）contained the belongings of a ship’s officer = there were the belongings of ship officer in the chest

The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen.
船长从这封信中知道这艘船叫卡伦号。
learn form 从……得知 注意learn作为得知的用法，上节课和上上节课都出现了。说明生活常用。

The most valuable find of all was the ship’s log book, parts of which it（形式主语）was still possible to read.
在所有打捞上来的东西中最有价值的是这艘沉船的航海日志。某些部分仍然能看清楚。
Which在句中指代log book，而it是形式主语，句子可以变成 parts of the log book it was still possible to read.进而变成 it was still possible to read parts of the log book.

parts of which it was still possible to read 这句想去掉it ，主语就变成了书了，也就是parts of which，后面必须是被动语态，to be read。
这句真正的主语是it，指代的是 to read 这件事，read这个动作肯定是人发出的所以用主动形式。
parts of which是一个倒装，完整语序是 it was still possible to read parts of which。理论上which应该换成it，但是首先一个句子出现两个it，不符合表达习惯。再一个it was still possible to read parts of which 这个句子没有连接词，前面是逗号，所以换成which 倒装之后来引导这个句子，并且还起到强调的作用。这应该是英语的一种表达习惯

From this the captain was able to piece toghter all the information that had come to light.
船长可以把自己掌握的资料综合起来。
Piece together= reconstruct 由拼合引申出重组

that had come to light.做定语从句修饰information
Come to light = become known = emerge [ɪ'mɜːdʒ] 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态）
The secret came to light after his death.
1、[V] ~ (from sth)（从隐蔽处或暗处或未知的情况）出现，浮现，露出
2、[V] 露出；显现；显露 不用被动语态（consist of）
After the elections opposition groups began to emerge
the growin