Vacuum-Blood-Collection静脉采血英文课件.ppt
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1、Vacuum Blood Collection IntroductionThe vacuum blood collection system consists of a double-pointed needle,a plastic holder or adapter,and a series of vacuum tubes with rubber stoppers of various colors.The evacuated tube collection system will produce the best blood samples for analysis.The blood g
2、oes directly from the patient vein into the appropriate test tube.Multi-Sample NeedleThe bevel is the slanted opening at the end of the needle.Needle length(shaft)ranges from 1 to 1 inches.Threaded hub screws into needle holderThe rubber sheath makes it possible to draw several tubes of blood by pre
3、venting leakage of blood as tubes are changed.BevelBevel is slanted opening at end of needle.Needle must be oriented so that bevel faces up prior to insertion.Needle GaugeThe gauge of a needle is a number that indicates the diameter of its lumen.The lumen,also called the bore,is the circular hollow
4、space inside the needle.The higher the gauge,the smaller the lumen.The most frequently used gauges for phlebotomy are 20,21 and 22HolderThe holder for vacuum blood collection is a plastic sleeve into which the phlebotomist screws the double pointed needle.The most current guidelines require that all
5、 holders are for single use only.Vacuum Collection TubesVacuum collection tubes are glass or plastic tubes sealed with a partial vacuum inside by rubber stoppers.The air pressure inside the tube is negative,less than the normal environment.After inserting the longer needle into the vein,the phleboto
6、mist pushes the tube into the holder so that the shorter needle pierces the stopper.The difference in pressure between the inside of the tube and the vein causes blood to fill the tube.The tubes are available in various sizes for adult and pediatric phlebotomiesAdditivesDifferent blood tests require
7、s different types of blood specimens.Most tubes have additives called anticoagulants which prevent clotting/coagulation of the blood.Plastic tubes may have an additive to enhance clotting of the bloodAnticoagulantsAnticoagulants are already in the tubes in the precise amount needed to mix with the a
8、mount of blood that will fill the tube.The color of the stopper on each tube indicates what,if any,anticoagulant the tube contains.It is important to completely fill each tube so that the proportion of blood to chemical additive is correct,otherwise,the test results may not be accurate or the specim
9、en will be rejected and will need to be recollected.It is also important to thoroughly mix the blood with the additive by gentle inversionRedNo additive in glass tubeClot activator in plastic tubeNo anticoagulant presentTests using serum which include:most blood chemistries,AIDS antibody,viral studi
10、es,serology tests,Blood Bank testing.Red and black mottled(SST)Hemogard=GoldSST=Serum Separator Tube silicone/gel(serum separating material)All tests using serum except Blood BankRed and black mottled(SST)Using BD SST TubesPurpose of gel is to separate serum from cells permanently(Light)BlueAdditive
11、-Sodium CitrateTests drawn:Coagulation studies:PT,PTT and fibrinogenMUST BE FILLED COMPLETELY!NO EXCEPTIONSLavender Top TubeAdditive=EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic)Hematology studies:CBC,WBC count,Hemoglobin,Hematocrit,Platelet count,Reticulocyte count,differential.GreenOne of the following:sodium
12、heparin,lithium heparin or ammonium heparin.STAT blood chemistries utilizing plasma.Green PSTAdditive is heparinPST=Plasma Separator TubeHas gel which,after centrifugation,permanently separates plasma from red blood cellsGrayAdditive(read label):Potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride,or lithium iodac
13、etate and heparinGlucose,Blood Alcohol(ethanol)levels,lactic acidBlackBuffered Sodium CitrateWestergren sedimentation rate determinationMUST BE FILLED COMPLETELY!NO EXCEPTIONSRoyal BlueColor of tube label indicates additive,if any:purple-EDTAgreen-heparinred none Trace metal analysis,nutrients and t
14、oxicology studies.Antimony Arsenic,Cadmium,Calcium,Chromium,Copper,Iron,Lead,Magnesium,Manganese,and Zinc are examples.Brown/TanAdditive=Sodium Heparin or K2 EDTASpecifically for lead analysis although royal blue can be used.YellowSodium polyanethol sulfonate(SPS)SPS for blood culture specimen colle
15、ctions in microbiology.Tube inversions prevent clotting.Acid citrate dextrose additives(ACD)ACD for use in blood bank studies,HLA phenotyping,DNA and paternity testing.Blood CulturesNot for laboratory analysis,special collection to detect bacteria growing in blood.Site preparation VERY important.Wil
16、l be covered later.Order of the Draw1.Sterile/Blood cultures2.Blue coagulation tube3.Red4.Other additivesGreenLavenderGrayPatient IdentificationIt is vitally important that the phlebotomist correctly identifies the patient.Do not offer the patient a name to respond to.All hospitalized patients have
17、an identification arm band with their name,hospital identification number and other pertinent information.Always compare the laboratory test request slip name and ID number with the name and ID number on the patients hospital arm band.If there is any discrepancy,do not draw the patients blood.For an
18、 out-patient,verify the patients identity by having the patient give you additional identifying information such as a social security number,date of birth or address.Preparationwash or disinfect his or her hands Identify patientIntroduce yourself,state your missionHave you ever had your blood drawn
19、before?If no,explain the procedureChoose the appropriate tubes for the tests requested Tourniquet ApplicationApply approximately 3-5 inches above antecubital fossa.If the skin appears blanched above and below the tourniquet it is too tight.If your finger can be inserted between the tourniquet and th
20、e patients skin it is too loose.PalpateAfter tourniquet application have patient clench fist.Feel for a vein that rebounds(bounces)when pushed or tapped on.PALPATE any potential vein to help determine size,direction and depth.A slight rotation of the arm may help to better expose a vein that may oth
21、erwise be hidden.Vein SelectionChoose the veins that are large and accessible.Large veins that are not well anchored in tissue frequently roll,so if you choose one,be sure to secure it with the thumb of your nondominant hand when you penetrate it with the needle.Avoid bruised and scarred areas.Cant
22、Feel the Vein?Tricks to Help Distend Veins:Have the patient pump the hand 3 times.Dont overdue it because over-pumping can create hemoconcentration Have the patient dangle arm below the heart level for 1-3 minutes.Warm the area with a hot pack or warm,moist cloth heated to approximately 42C.If all e
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- Vacuum Blood Collection 静脉 采血 英文 课件
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