wrf基础手册中文专业资料.doc
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1、Chapter 1:OverviewIntroductionThe Advanced Research WRF (ARW) modeling system has been in development for the past few years. The current release is Version 3,available since April . The ARW is designed to be a flexible,state-of-the-art atmospheric simulation system that is portable and efficient on
2、 available parallel computing platforms. The ARW is suitable for use in a broad range of applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers,including: Idealized simulations (e.g. LES,convection,baroclinic waves) Parameterization research Data assimilation research Forecast res
3、earch Real-time NWP Coupled-model applications Teaching简介Advanced Research WRF (ARW)模式系统在过去数年中得到了发展。近来发布了第三版,从4月开始可供使用。ARW是灵活,最先进大气模仿系统,它易移植,并且有效应用于各种操作系统。ARW合用于从米到成千上万公里尺度各种天气系统模仿,它功能涉及: 抱负化模仿(如,LES,对流,斜压波) 参数化研究 数据同化研究 预报研究 实时数值天气预报 耦合模式应用 教学The Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of NCA
4、R is currently maintaining and supporting a subset of the overall WRF code (Version 3) that includes: WRF Software Framework (WSF) Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamic solver,including one-way,two-way nesting and moving nest. The WRF Preprocessing System (WPS) WRF Variational Data Assimilation (WRF-V
5、ar) system which currently supports 3DVAR capability Numerous physics packages contributed by WRF partners and the research community Several graphics programs and conversion programs for other graphics toolsAnd these are the subjects of this document.The WRF modeling system software is in the publi
6、c domain and is freely available for community use.NCAR中尺度以及微尺度气象部门近来维护以及支持整个WRF(第三版)代码子集,其中涉及: WRF软件框架 Advanced Research WRF (ARW)动力求解办法,涉及单向,双向嵌套以及移动嵌套 预解决系统 WRF各种数据同化系统(WRF-Var),该系统还支持3维同化能力 为WRF合伙伙伴以及研究论坛提供数值物理包. 某些画图程序和转换适合其她画图工具程序这也是本文档主题。WRF模式系统软件当前是公开以及免费使用。As shown in the diagram,the WRF Mo
7、deling System consists of these major programs:The WRF Preprocessing System (WPS)WRF-VarARW solverPost-processing & Visualization tools如图所示,WRF模式系统涉及如下重要某些:WRF预解决系统WRF参数同化系统ARW求解程序后解决以及可视化工具WPSThis program is used primarily for real-data simulations. Its functions include 1) defining simulation doma
8、ins;2) interpolating terrestrial data (such as terrain,landuse,and soil types) to the simulation domain;and 3) degribbing and interpolating meteorological data from another model to this simulation domain. Its main features include:GRIB 1/2 meteorological data from various centers around the worldMa
9、p projections for 1) polar stereographic,2) Lambert-Conformal,3) Mercator and 4) latitude-longitudeNestingUser-interfaces to input other static data as well as met data这个程序重要用于实时数值模仿。其中涉及:1)定义模仿区域;2)插值地形数据(如地势,土地类型,以及土壤类型)到模仿区域;3)从其她模式成果中细致网格以及插值气象数据到此模仿区域。它重要特点涉及: GRIB 1/2 格式全球格点气象数据 地图投影有1)极地投影,2)
10、兰伯特-保角投影,3)麦卡托投影以及4)经纬度投影嵌套 由顾客接口输入其她数据及met 数据WRF-VarThis program is optional,but can be used to ingest observations into the interpolated analyses created by WPS. It can also be used to update WRF models initial condition when WRF model is run in cycling mode. Its main features are as follows. It i
11、s based on incremental variational data assimilation technique Conjugate gradient method is utilized to minimized the cost function in analysis control variable space Analysis is performed on un-staggered Arakawa A-grid Analysis increments are interpolated to staggered Arakawa C-grid and it gets add
12、ed to the background (first guess) to get final analysis at WRF-model grid Conventional observation data input may be supplied both in ASCII or “PREPBUFR” format via “obsproc” utility Multiple radar data (reflectivity & radial velocity) input is supplied through ASCII format Horizontal component of
13、the background (first guess) error is represented via recursive filter (for regional) or power spectrum (for global). The vertical component is applied through projections on climatologically generated averaged eigenvectors and its corresponding eigenvalues Horizontal and vertical background errors
14、are non-separable. Each eigen vector has its own horizontal climatologically determined length scale Preconditioning of background part of the cost function is done via control variable transform U defined as B= UUT It includes “gen_be” utility to generate the climatological background error covaria
15、nce estimate via the NMC-method or ensemble perturbations A utility program to update WRF boundary condition file after WRF-Var该程序是可选取,但可用于将观测数据融入到WPS所产生插值分析中。它还可以在WRF模式处在循环模式运营时,用于更新WRF模式初始条件.它重要特点如下: 它是基于增量变分数据同化技术上而产生出来 在分析控制变量空间,用共轭梯度法最小化成本函数 非交错 Arakawa A网格分析 增量分析插值到Arakawa C网格,以及附加到背景场(第一猜测场)以
16、得到WRF模式格点最后分析 通过使用“obsproc ”工具,可以输入ASCII或者“PREPEUFR”格式常规观测数据 复合雷达数据(反射率与雷达速度)以ASCII格式输入 背景场(初预计场)水平分量误差通过递归滤波器(区域范畴)或能量谱(全球范畴)体现。垂直分量则通过气候学平均特性向量以及其相应特性值反映。 水平与垂直背景场误差是不可分割。每个特性向量均有各自水平气候学尺度。 背景场预解决函数是通过控制变量转换U,其定义为B=UUT 它涉及通过NMC法或整体摄动法,用“gen_be”程序产气愤候学背景场误差协方差预计 在WRF-Var后,用程序更新WRF边界条件文献 ARW SolverT
17、his is the key component of the modeling system,which is composed of several initialization programs for idealized,and real-data simulations,and the numerical integration program. It also includes a program to do one-way nesting. The key feature of the WRF model includes: Fully compressible nonhydro
18、static equations with hydrostatic option Regional and global applications Complete coriolis and curvature terms Two-way nesting with multiple nests and nest levels One-way nesting Moving nests Mass-based terrain following coordinate Vertical grid-spacing can vary with height Map-scale factors for th
19、ese projections: o polar stereographic (conformal) o Lambert-conformal o Mercator (conformal) o Latitude and longitude which can be rotated Arakawa C-grid staggering Runge-Kutta 2nd and 3rd order time integration options Scalar-conserving flux form for prognostic variables 2nd to 6th order advection
20、 options (horizontal and vertical) Monotonic transport and positive-definite advection option for moisture,scalar and TKE Time-split small step for acoustic and gravity-wave modes: o small step horizontally explicit,vertically implicit o divergence damping option and vertical time off-centering o ex
21、ternal-mode filtering option Upper boundary aborption and Rayleigh damping Lateral boundary conditions o idealized cases:periodic,symmetric,and open radiative o real cases:specified with relaxation zone Full physics options for land-surface,planetary boundary layer,atmospheric and surface radiation,
22、microphysics and cumulus convection Grid analysis nudging using separate upperair and surface data and observation nudging Spectral nudging Digital filter initialization Gravity wave drag A number of idealized examples这是模式系统核心构成某些,它由几种抱负化,实时同化以及数值积分初始化程序构成。它还涉及了一种单向嵌套程序。WRF 模式核心特性有: 完全可压缩非静力方程带有一种静力
23、选项 区域以及全球应用 完整科氏力以及曲率条件 带有多重嵌套和嵌套层次双向嵌套 单向嵌套 移动嵌套 地形跟随质量坐标 垂直格点大小随高度变化而变化 地图投影方案 极地立体投影(保角映射) 兰伯特保角投影 麦卡托(保角)投影 经纬度旋转投影 Arakawa C格点 Runge-Kutta二阶三阶时间积分 标量保守通量预测变量 二阶到六阶平流选项(水平与垂直) 单调传播以及正定平流选项水汽,标量,TKE 分时小步长声波以及重力波模式 小步长水平显显式,垂直隐式 辐散阻尼选项和垂直时间 外部模式滤波选项 上边界吸取以及瑞利Rayleigh 阻尼 侧边界条件 抱负化个例:周期边界,对称边界以及开放辐射
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