2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习-非谓语动词.docx

2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习 非谓语动词

2021年中考英语基础语法专题练习 非谓语动词

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专题十 非谓语动词
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. I know you are busy, but you look pale. You'd better ____ a good rest.
A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having
( )2. Mum, please ask Sally ___ any noise. I’m doing my homework.
A. not make B. don't make C. not to make D. don't to make
( )3. —I decided ___ weight by eating less every day.
—Oh, forget it! You have said that again and again.
A. to lose B. lost C. losing D. lose
( )4. I love my cat and spend a lot of time ___ after it.
A. look B. looks C. to look D. looking
( )5. My mother advised me ___ to music when I was doing my homework, or I will make a lot of mistakes.
A. listening B. listen to not C. not to listen D. to listen
( )6. He asked her ___ the bag because it was too expensive.
A. not to buy B. to buy not C. not buying D. not buy
( )7. I wanted to ask my friend ____ me with the Maths problem, but my teacher didn't allow.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping
( )8. —You were in such a hurry this morning. What happened?
—Oh. I got up too late this morning. So I had to run as fast as I could _____ the bus.
A. catch B. catching C. to catching D. to catch
( )9. —I feel a bit thirsty now. — Why not ____ for a cold drink with us?
A. go B. going C. to go D. do you go
( )10. We had better stop ____. It's going to rain.
A. run B. ran C. to run D. running

常考考点知识清单（研习考点）
考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,有加 to 和省略 to 两种形式,可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成份。
1. 作主语
To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。
注意:不定式作主语,整个结构看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,但通常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放
于句末,来保持句子的平衡,常见的句式有:
(1) it takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework. 完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我 20 分钟的时间。
(2) it’s + adj. / n. +to do sth
It's interesting to read the English books. 读英语书是很有趣的。
(3) it's+adj. +for+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。
It's hard for me to learn English well. 学好英语对我来说是很难的。
(4) it's+adj. +of+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰某人的。
It's very kind of you to help me. 帮助我你真是太好了。
2. 作表语
动词不定式作表语时,主要表示愿望、责任、义务等,一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
His wish is to be a teacher. 他的愿望就是当一名老师。
To be a policeman is his wish. 当一名警察是他的愿望。
3. 作宾语
decide, would like, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail, agree 等后只能跟动词不定式作宾语。
They agreed to start early. 他们同意早点儿动身。
注意:当不定式作宾语时,通常还可以用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式。 常跟 it 作形式宾语的动词有: find, think, make 等。
I found it difficult to get on with him. 我发现与他相处是很难的。
4. 作宾语补足语
常见的后跟带 to 的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow 等。
I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告诉过他别在墙上乱画。
巧记:不定式作宾语补足语时省略 to 的口诀
一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let, make, have 四看:see, watch, notice, look at 半帮助:help
5. 作定语
动词不定式短语作定语时,应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。 动词不定式与被修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。
注意:如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的短语是不及物动词,切记不能漏掉介词。
I have a small room to live in. 我有一间小屋可以居住。
6. 作状语
动词不定式短语可以作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语。
I come to see you. 我来看你了。
7. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成份。
She asked me when to start. 她问我什么时候出发。

考点二 动名词
在形式上,动名词与现在分词一样。 但它相当于一个动词性的名词,它具有名词的绝大多数特征,可作主语、
宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等成份。
1. 作主语
动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Smoking is harmful. 吸烟是有害的。
2. 作表语
动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语。
The nurse's job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurse's job. 护士的工作就是照顾病人。
3. 作宾语
(1) 有些动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式。
常见的这类动词有 mind, finish, enjoy, practice, keep, miss, consider, suggest 等。 另外,动名词还可以作介词的宾语。
Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗?
(2) 常见的后接动名词的短语
能接动名词的短语很多,初中阶段常见的有:be busy (忙于),be worth (值得),can't help (禁不住),give up (放弃),be used to (习惯于), stop/ prevent/ keep…from (阻止),look forward to (盼望),feel like (想要),think of(考虑),be good at (擅长),be interested in (对……感兴趣),succeed in (成功)等。
巧记:只能跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语列举如下:
完成、实践、值得、忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
继续、习惯、放弃(keep, be used to, give up)
考虑、建议、不禁、想要(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
喜欢、思念、介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
4. 动名词作定语
动名词作定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,一般置于被修饰词前。
He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
考点三 分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词具有主动和进行的含义,而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。
1. 分词作定语
分词作定语时,单个分词放在被修饰的名词前;分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词后。
The dancing girl shouted to him, but he didn't hear her. 那个正在跳舞的女孩正在向他喊话,但他没有听见。
The broken cup needs repairing. 那个破茶杯需要修补。
注意:以-ed 形式结尾的形容词通常修饰人,以-ing 形式结尾的形容词通常用于修饰物。
The news made all of us excited. 这个消息使我们都很兴奋。
2. 分词作表语
分词作表语,一般表示主语的特征和属性。
The result is surprising. 结果是令人吃惊的。
The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
3. 分词作宾语补足语
(1) see, watch, hear, keep, find, notice 等动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语。 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行。 句子的宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语,它们之间存在主动关系。 而过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是被动关系。
I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。
(2) have/ get sth. done 表示“请别人做某事”,其中的过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是被动关系。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我将找人给我理发。
I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。
4. 分词作状语
分词作状语,主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出了教室。 (伴随状语)
The car, hit badly, can't move at all. 那车被撞得很严重,一点儿都不能移动了。 (原因状语)

考点四 特殊动词的特殊用法
有些动词后加不定式或动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。 如:
1. go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
3. remember to do sth. 记着去做某事
remember doing sth. 记着做过某事了
4. stop to do sth. 停下手头的事去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做着的事情
5. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
6. mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
7. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事

巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —I had my hair _____ yesterday. —I see. It suits you well.
A. cutting B. been cut C. cut D. to be cut
( )2. —I like reading books ____ by Lu Xun. —So am I.
A. write B. are written C. writing D. written
( )3. When I went into the room, I found ____ in bed.
A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying
( )4. —Did he say anything? —No, he left the room without ____ anything.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. to saying
( )5. The boy stood in the front of the classroom, ___ a passage.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( )6. —Mother likes shopping very much.
—Yes. She would rather ____ around for hours in shops than ____ TV at home.
A. walk; watch B. to walk; watch C. to walk; to watch D. walk; to watch
( )7. —Remember ___ the book to me when you finish ____ it.
—All right.
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. to return; to read D. returning; to read
( )8. —Children are often told ____ unhealthy food.
—It's right. Unhealthy food is bad for them.
A. to eat B. not to eat C. eating D. not eating
( )9. —What's your dream? —My dream is ____ a university in Shenzhen.
A. to go to B. go to C. going to D. gone to
( )10. —You have kept him ____ for an hour. —Oh, I'm sorry I forgot the time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The ______ (excite) girl is jumping happily.
2. _______ (smoke) is bad for your health.
3. I did what I could _______ (help) him improve his study.
4. It’s a sunny day. What about ______ (have) a picnic?
5. I found it difficult ______ (get) on well with her.
6. Would you mind _______ (turn) off the television?
7. I spent an hour ________ (clean) the room.
8. It’s hard for me ________ (learn) Chinese well.
9. My bike is broken. I must get it _________ (repair).
10. I am very tired. I want to stop ______ (have) a rest.

答案：
学前自测
1-5 ACADC 6-10 ACDAD
巩固训练
一、1-5 CDAAB 6-10 AABAD
二、
1. excited
2. Smoking
3. to help
4. having
5. to get
6. turning
7. cleaning
8. to learn
9. repaired
10. to have