中考英语语法专项一名词讲解及习题.doc

中考语法专项一 名词
1.名词的数
可数名词 —— 一般是个体名词，如a boy(一个男孩)，集体名词a family(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。
规则复数变化形式：
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加-s
清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音或原音后读/z/
book→books
key→keys
以o结尾的表示有生命的名词
加-es
读/z/
tomato→tomatoes
potato→potatoes
以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的名词
加-es
读/iz/
bus→buses
watch→watches
box→boxes
以ce，se，ze，（d）ge等结尾的名词
加-s
读/iz/
case→cases
orange→oranges
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词
变y为i，再加-es
读/z/
family→families
party→parties
以f或fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为v，再加-es
读/z/
knife→knives
leaf→leaves
不规则复数变化形式：
变内部元音字母
foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men
词尾加en
child-children, ox-oxen
单复数同形
fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li

特殊的复数形式:
1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。
the police　　警察(指全体警察) the English　　英国人(指全体英国人)
the French　　法国人(指全体法国人)
2）复合名词
a woman teacher—women teachers　女教师 an Englishman—Englishmen　英国男子
a grown-up—grown-ups　成人
a brother-in-law—brothers-in-law　内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯

2. 不可数名词
专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会 Michael Jackson 迈克杰克逊 the West Lake　西湖
物质名词：液体：milk water　　 tea coffee juice oil(油)
肉类：beef chicken mutton pork
天气：weather rain snow wind light 光
其他：news(新闻，消息) bread(面包)
抽象名词：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress进步

【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。
tea— different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶
food 食品 — all kinds of foods 各种各样的食品
fruit 水果 — all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果
glass 玻璃— a glass 一个玻璃杯 — glasses 眼镜、玻璃杯

不可数名词量的表示法
a cup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.....
a pair of
3.【名词的格】
1)．表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。
①一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。如：Tom's chair； the children's bedroom
②以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如：the students' reading room
③并列名词 表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；
表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。
如：Tom and Mike's father 汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)
Tom’s and Mike’s fathers 汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）
④表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。
如： at Tom’s 在汤姆家里 at the tailor's在裁缝店 at a chemist's在药店

2)．表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the covers of the book(s)书的封面 a photo of my family一张我家的全家福
注意：①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形式。
如：the works of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun
the founding of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国的成立
②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。
如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes’ drive开车五分钟的路程
③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。
如： a map of the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指
④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。
如： teachers' office 教师办公室 children's book 儿童读物

中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1. 可数名词与不可数名词；2. 可数名词的复数变化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4. 名词所有格；5. 名词作定语；6. 在特定的语境中考查名词词义。
4、名词作定语
[中考引路]
—How many ____ teachers are there in your school?
—____ them______ over two hundred.
 A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is
 C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are
[用法详解]
名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。例如：a football player 一名足球运动员；many banana trees许多香蕉树
但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。例如：a sports meet一场运动会；a glasses store 一家眼镜店
man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。例如：
a man doctor 一名男医生；two women teachers 两名女教师
5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义
[中考引路]
1. — Would you please pass me something to drink?
— What about some ______?
A. beef B. fish C. juice D. bread
2. —Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.
—She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.
A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions

练习
一．名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格）
典型题练习：
l. -What a good ___________you've given me! Thanks a lot.
-My pleasure.
A. information B.news C.suggestion D.advice
2. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there ______a lot of useful____on the websites.
A. are; informations B.are; information
C.is; information D.is;informations
3. -Can you imagine____great progress in your study with no plan?
-lf you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Success doesn't happen like magic.
A. to make B.making a C.making D.to make a
4. The theme park is about ______ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hour's C. two hours' D. two hours
5. He thought the painting was of little , so he let me have it for only ten pounds. .
A. cost B. price C. value D. money
6. -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?
-_________ .
A. In three days' B. After three days
C. In three days' time D. After three day's time
7. British people eat ______ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.
A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. potatoes
8. The music made me think of the____ of a running stream.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
9. -Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?
-I'm afraid we have no ___ but to take a taxi.
A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information
10. -Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes?
-Well, I just follow the instructions in the cookbook.
A. time B. method C. cost D. menu
11. Could you take ____ for these ______? They are very beautiful.
A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes
C. some photos; tomatos D. any photos; tomatos
12. The two cities have reached an ____ to develop science and technology.
A. education B. excitement C. agreement D. invention
13. It's your _____ as a teacher to protect your students.
A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner
14. -Oh, dear! There isn't enough ___ for us in the lift.
-No hurry. Let's wait for the next.
A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground
15. -Judy, I guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?
-Oh, it's a ________.
A. suggestion B. secret C. reason D. problem
16. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of____.
A. knowledge B. energy C. change D. courage
17. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike's farm and saw many ______ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
18. I'm going to the supermarket to buy some ____ this afternoon.
A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana
C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons
19. -Why are you late, Jim?
-Because there _____ a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
20. None of them talked. They finished their meal in _______.
A. silence B. order C. place D. public
21. -Finding information is not a big deal today.
-Well, the ______ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.
A. courage B. message C. challenge D. knowledge
以下为:根据句意, 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
22. The boy wanted to divide the apple into _______ (half).
23. The tall player doubts whether his weight affects his _______ (foot)?
24. Does the little boy look forward to acting as one of the _______ (hero) in the game?
25. Someone is burning the _______ (leaf). We must stop him from doing so, for it will
pollute the environment.
26. The tourists are told that all Tibetans, male and female, carry________ (knife).
27. How many ________ (scarf) did you buy for your sisters?
28. Take a look! A cat is chasing three___________ (mouse) in the kitchen.
29. Female (sheep) produce one or two lambs at a time.
30. He is removing bits of food stuck between the (tooth) with a toothpick.
31. Three fourths of the teachers in this school are _________ (woman) teachers.
32. Don't look at me like that! I'm telling you the (true).
33. To get good grades in the exam, we should avoid (care).
34. They have just had a about where to spend their holidays. (discuss)
The athlete Su Bingtian came third with a run of 9.99 seconds in the men's 100-metre race. He has become the (proud) of us Chinese.